构建生物可降解性复合支架修复腹壁缺损的可行性研究

目的:探讨采用聚乳酸(polylactic acid,PLA)、甲壳素与明胶为原料,构建生物可降解性复合支架,修复腹壁缺损的可行性。方法:采用1%戊二醛交联的明胶作为支架内芯,PLA和甲壳素以7∶1比例纺丝编织构建支架的外网套,将明胶嵌入外网套,以构建生物可降解性复合支架。将支架浸于磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中震荡,以检测支架的降解时间;采用直接接触和MTT法检测支架的细胞毒性;通过拉伸、胀破实验测定其力学性能;将密度为1×107/mL的成纤维细胞种植至支架上,观察细胞的黏附、增殖、分化及基质分泌情况。结果:交联明胶的降解时间为(54.8±0.5)d,可适应在细胞长入后的早期降解。外网套的降解时间为(312.5±6.5)d,可维持较长时间的力学强度;横向断裂强度为(319.2±37.8)N,纵向断裂强度为(620.4±45.2)N,可以满足修复腹壁缺损的力学要求。细胞毒性实验显示支架细胞毒性为0～1级,增殖良好;与未交联组(对照组)相比,无统计学差异(P0.05)。成纤维细胞种植在支架上培养5 d后长满支架表面;细胞种植7 d后,开始分泌胞外基质。结论:由交联明胶作为内芯,PLA及甲壳素编织物作为外网套构建的生物可降解性复合支架具有良好的机械性能、降解性、生物相容性,体外实验结果证实其可满足腹壁缺损修复的要求。     

生物可降解材料聚乳酸在血管支架制备中的应用

第二代药物洗脱支架作为异物,对血管壁有长期炎症反应,这是导致支架术后远期血栓形成和支架内再狭窄的重要诱因。而生物可降解支架能克服这一缺陷。目前,生物可降解支架材料选择分为高分子聚合物材料和合金材料。在可降解高分子材料中,聚乳酸和其改性共聚物备受关注。聚乳酸是一种具有良好生物相容性和可降解性能的高分子材料,在血管支架的制备中具有广泛运用。聚乳酸既是一种很优秀的支架药物涂层的载体,也可以被开发作为支架骨架结构。     

生物补片一期修复污染状态下的腹壁疝和腹壁缺损

目的：评价生物补片用于污染或感染状态下腹壁缺损一期修复的安全性和有效性。方法 2010年4月以来17例腹壁缺损手术均因肠外瘘或肠造口、切口感染或同时肠道手术等原因而处于感染或污染状态：切口疝6例,腹股沟嵌顿疝1例,肠外瘘8例、直肠癌柱状切除术2例。腹壁缺损范围在(3 cm ×2 cm)～(6 cm×17 cm),均采用...     

应用聚四氟乙烯修复腹壁缺损

目的　探讨应用聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)生物材料修复腹壁大面积缺损 ,预防腹壁疝的临床效果。　方法　自 1999年 3月以来 ,应用片状 PTFE修复腹壁肿瘤切除术后腹壁缺损 6例。腹壁缺损范围最大为 2 5 cm× 15 cm,最小为 9cm× 6 cm,其中 2例伴有皮肤缺损 ,使用带蒂皮瓣或肌皮瓣移位进行修复。　结果　术后腹部伤口 期愈合 ,移位皮瓣全部成活 ,修复材料无暴露。随访 6个月～ 3年 ,无排异反应及腹壁疝等并发症。　结论　临床应用片状 PTFE修复腹壁缺损具有良好的效果。     

生物可降解食管支架的研究进展

食管狭窄直接影响患者生存质量,严重威胁患者生命安全。食管支架,尤其是生物可降解食管支架的应用为食管狭窄患者带来了福音。生物可降解食管支架包括SX Ella-BD支架、聚乳酸支架及聚乳酸己内酯共聚物支架。本文对生物可降解食管支架的重要性和必要性及其研究进展进行综述。     

构建组织工程肌腱膜与腹壁缺损修复

<正>随着外科技术手段的进步,腹壁缺损的治疗已由传统的单纯直接缝合修补,转变为以材料学为基础、利用各种补片进行的无张力修复。传统的手术治疗主要是将腹壁缺损周围的肌肉或韧带强行缝合,术后病人疼痛明显,恢复时间长,复     

腹壁整形加聚丙烯网片修复巨大下腹壁缺损

目的探讨应用横切口腹壁整形术与聚丙烯网片联合修复下腹壁缺损的方法。方法应用横行切13腹壁整形加聚丙烯网片的手术方法，修复27例下腹壁缺损，其中6例下腹壁病灶切除，21例下腹横行腹直肌肌皮瓣（以下简称TRAM瓣）供区。结果随访3～20个月，腹壁病灶均彻底切除，术后未见复发，所有患者无腹壁薄弱、腹壁膨隆或腹壁疝形成，腹壁切口、一期愈合，无并发症。结论横行切口腹壁整形加聚丙烯网片修复下腹壁缺损，方法简单、效果可靠。     

生物型硬脑膜补片修补大鼠全层腹壁缺损

目的 探讨运用生物型硬脑膜补片修补大鼠全层腹壁缺损的可行性,并与涤纶布补片修补比较.方法 分别采用脑膜建补片和涤纶布修补12对大鼠全层腹壁缺损,术后2、8、16周分批处死大鼠采集标本,观察创面感染情况、缺损愈合速度、缺损愈合组织的厚度、镜下病理情况.结果 脑膜建补片组大鼠无死亡,12例缺损全部修复成功.涤纶组大鼠死亡2例,10例缺损修复愈合.脑膜建补片组织愈合较快,镜下炎症反应较轻,但愈合组织厚度差异无统计学意义.结论 脑膜建补片能很好地诱导结缔组织增生,修复腹壁缺损.     

Autologous tissue repair of large abdominal wall defects

BACKGROUND AND METHOD: Techniques for autologous repair of abdominal wall defects that could not be closed primarily are reviewed. Medline and PubMed were searched for English or German publications using the following keywords: components separation technique (CST), Ramirez, da Silva, fascia lata, tensor fasciae latae, latissimus dorsi, rectus femoris, myocutaneous flap, ((auto)dermal) graft, dermoplasty, cutisplasty, hernia, abdominal wall defect, or combinations thereof. Publications were analysed for methodological quality, and data on surgical technique, mortality, morbidity and reherniation were abstracted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The CST is the best documented procedure; it is associated with a high morbidity rate of 24.0 per cent and a recurrence rate of 18.2 per cent. Although the results of the da Silva technique are good (morbidity 5-20 per cent and reherniation 0-3 per cent), the poor methodological quality of the studies precludes firm conclusions. Repair with free fascia lata or dermal grafts is an alternative if the above techniques cannot be used, but wound complications affect 42 per cent of patients and recurrent hernia up to 29 per cent. Pedicled or free vascularized flaps are reserved for complex situations.     

植入性修补材料在腹壁肿瘤切除术后腹壁缺损修补的应用进展

<正>尽管腹壁肿瘤的临床发病率较低,但总体发生率呈上升趋势,而目前主要采用以手术为主的综合治疗方式。腹壁肿瘤切除后形成的腹壁缺损修补对外科医师来说是一个具有挑战性的问题,尤其是复杂缺损。随着材料科学和生物工程技术的快速发展,用在临床中修复人体腹壁缺损的新型组织工程材料不断出现,给腹壁肿瘤切除术所造成的腹壁缺损提供了新的选择。本文主要阐述植入性修补材料在腹壁肿瘤切除术后腹壁缺损修补的应用进展。一、腹壁肿瘤的定义腹壁肿瘤定义为腹壁皮肤及附属器、皮下组织、肌肉、腱膜等腹壁全层的软组织,都可在各种致瘤因素的作用下,     

Marlex mesh for repair of abdominal wall defects.

The best synthetic material available for repair of abdominal wall defects associated with an insufficiency of tissue is Marlex mesh. Among 14 patients with large hernias and 3 who underwent tumour resection only 2 manifested recurrence of the defect. In three of these patients infection developed, but its control made it unnecessary to remove the Marlex. In another three with gross infection of the abdominal wall, Marlex was used successfully to provide abdominal wall closure.     

Use of tissue expanders in the repair of complex abdominal wall defects

Background/Purpose

Closure of abdominal wall defects in children poses a challenge for pediatric surgeons. We describe a technique using tissue expanders placed either intraperitoneally or in the abdominal wall to aid in the reconstruction of a variety of complex abdominal wall defects.

Methods

The tissue expanders are inserted under general anesthesia. Initial expansion is done in the operating room with attention to peak airway pressure, urine output, and end-tidal carbon dioxide. The expanders are inflated in the outpatient setting via percutaneous access until the calculated inflation volume is achieved. They are then removed; and definitive closure is accomplished using a combination of native tissue flaps, abdominal component separation techniques, biomaterials, and synthetic material.

Results

Six children underwent tissue expansion for treatment of abdominal wall defects (omphalocele, n = 3), trauma (n = 1), and thoracopagus twins (n = 1 pair). One to 4 expanders were used per patient, with all having a successful reconstruction of their abdominal walls. Two to 3 operations were required to restore abdominal domain and consisted of expander insertion, removal with reconstruction, and possible revision of the reconstruction.

Conclusions

Tissue expanders possess a broad range of applications for abdominal wall reconstruction and can be used in patients of all ages.     

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene patch for the repair of large abdominal wall defects

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) was used to repair 11 large abdominal wall defects in ten patients. Three patches were fixed to the adjacent abdominal aponeurosis with a single row of sutures; seven patches were implanted with a 1-2 cm overlap of patch and aponeurosis and a double row of sutures. Recurrent buttonhole hernias were found in two patients, in both of whom a single row of sutures had been used. This reherniation was due to insufficient anchorage of the patch to the fascia. It is concluded that ePTFE is a useful material to repair large abdominal wall defects provided the patch is fixed to the aponeurosis with an overlap and a double row of sutures to prevent buttonhole hernias.     

Method of repair of anterior abdominal wall defects in children]

Experimental studies were conducted on 60 cadavers of children whose ages ranged from 0 to 14 years. A defect measuring 6-10 cm was formed in the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall (an approximate model of a hiatal opening). Several rows of crimping sutures were then applied to the aponeurosis of the rectus abdominis muscle above and below the defect. The force of stretching of the edges of the defect was studied by an elaborated tensiometric device after application of each row of crimping sutures. It was found that application of two or three rows of crimping sutures above and below the ventral defect ensures reliable decrease of the stretching load exerted on its edges and allows them to be sutured without tension. The optimal zones in the operative field for applying the crimping sutures were also determined. On the basis of experimental study the authors developed and used in the clinic a method for autoplasty of ventral hernias based principally on placing sutures through the edges of the ventral defect only after their approximation, after preliminary removal of the stretching load experienced by the laparotomic wound. The authors used this method of plasty successfully in 9 children with ventral hernias whose ages ranged from 2 to 14 years.