Influence of vomer flap on craniofacial growth in patients with cleft lip and palate: A systematic review

The aim of this review was to evaluate the impact of the vomer flap on craniofacial growth in patients with cleft lip and palate. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA checklist and is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO — CRD42018095714). Two investigators performed the research using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies published until November 2018. The focused question was ‘Does the vomer flap have a lesser impact on craniofacial growth in patients with cleft lip and palate?’. A total of 13 articles was selected for this review, comparing the vomer flap technique with other flap surgery techniques. The outcomes analyzed were: facial development (primary outcome); and the growth of the maxilla and mandible, occlusion, occurrence of fistula, and speech development (secondary outcomes). It was concluded that there is no difference in impact between vomer flap and the other flap surgery techniques on craniofacial development.     

Fat grafting in patients with cleft lip and palate: A systematic review

This systematic review aims to compare different fat-grafting techniques for cleft lip and palate repair. A search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, gray literature and reference lists of selected articles. A total of 25 articles were included, 12 on closure of palatal fistula and 13 on cleft lip repair. The rate of complete resolution of palatal fistula ranged from 88.6% to 100% in studies with no control group, whereas in comparative studies patients receiving a fat graft showed better outcomes than those not receiving a graft. Evidence suggests that fat grafting can be indicated for the primary and secondary repair of cleft palate, with good results. The use of dermis-fat grafts in lip repair was associated with gains in surface area (11.5%), vertical height (18.5%–27.11%), and lip projection (20%). Fat infiltration was associated with increased lip volume (6.5%), vermilion show (31.68% ± 24.03%), and lip projection (46.71% ± 31.3%). The available literature suggests that fat grafting is a promising autogenous option for palate and fistula repair and for improvement of lip projection and scar aesthetics in patients with cleft. However, to develop a guideline, further studies are needed to confirm whether one technique is superior to the other.     

Rapid maxillary expansion vs slow maxillary expansion in patients with cleft lip and/or palate: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesTo compare the dentoalveolar outcomes of slow maxillary expansion (SME) and rapid maxillary expansion (RME) used for maxillary expansion before secondary alveolar bone grafting in patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Secondarily, the advantages and disadvantages of SME vs RME were reviewed.Materials and MethodsA systematic search was conducted up to November 2021, including Medline (via PubMed), Embase (via Ovid), Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Risk-of-bias assessment was performed using the Risk of Bias (RoB 2.0) and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS I) tool. Overall quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool.ResultsOf 4007 records, five studies met the inclusion criteria. The randomized control trial (RCT) had a low risk of bias, the non-RCTs presented with a moderate risk of bias. Arch width and perimeter increased significantly with both SME and RME treatments. No difference in the increase in palatal depth was found. The meta-analysis showed a greater anterior-to-posterior expansion ratio for the Quad Helix (QH) appliance. The results for dental tipping were not conclusive.ConclusionsSME and RME promote equal posterior expansion in cleft patients. The anterior differential expansion is greater with SME (QH appliance). No clear evidence exists concerning the amount of dental adverse effects of SME and RME in cleft patients.     

Three-dimensional nasal septum and maxillary changes following rapid maxillary expansion in patients with cleft lip and palate:: A case-series analysis

ObjectivesTo determine the three-dimensional changes of the nasal septum (NS), alveolar width, alveolar cleft volume, and maxillary basal bone following rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in consecutive patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).Materials and MethodsA retrospective investigation was conducted based on the analysis of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of 40 consecutive patients with UCLP (mean age 11.1 ± 2.2 years). Scans were acquired prior to RME (T0) and after removal of the expander (T1) before graft surgery. A three-dimensional analysis of the effects of RME on the nasal septum, alveolar width, alveolar cleft volume, and maxillary basal bone was performed.ResultsNo changes in the NS deviation were observed following RME (P > .05). Significant increases of the alveolar transverse dimension were found in the anterior (14.2%; P < .001) and posterior (7.7%; P < .001) regions as well as in the volume of the alveolar cleft (19.6%; P < .001). No changes in the basal bone dimensions and morphology were observed (P > .05).ConclusionsFollowing RME, no changes were observed in the NS and maxillary basal bones of patients with UCLP despite the significant gain in the anterior and posterior alveolar width and the increase of the alveolar cleft defect. Clinicians should be aware that maxillary changes following RME in patients with UCLP are restricted to the dentoalveolar region.     

单侧完全性唇腭裂术后反的矫治

唇腭裂患者术后常存在较严重的错畸形，其矫治是比较复杂和困难的。本研究的目的，在于通过对３２名单侧完全性唇腭裂术后反患者正畸治疗的临床观察，探讨该类患者正畸治疗的特点。得出以下结果：①为获得良好的牙弓形态及牙颌关系常需齿槽骨植骨；②扩弓治疗时间较长且多需不对称扩弓，扩弓效果需长时间保持；③方丝弓矫治器治疗结束后，患者侧貌的改善主要局限在牙齿－齿槽区；④３４．３％的患者需要作正颌外科治疗。研究结果提示，为获得更理想的侧貌改善，应对唇腭裂患者早期应用前方牵引治疗。     

唇腭裂患者与安氏I类错牙合患者上颌骨发育比较

目的：探讨唇腭裂患者与安氏I类错牙合患者上颌骨发育的差异。方法：选取单侧完全性唇腭裂（complete unilateral cleft lip and palate,UCLP）50例、单侧完全性唇裂（complete unilateral cleft lip,UCL）28例,按不同颈椎骨龄分期分为3组,将其与相同发育期的安氏I类患者头影测量数据进行比较。结果：在所有发育期,UCLP的SNA（°）ANB （°）U1－U6（mm）均较安氏I类错牙合者小。CS1－6期结果显示：UCLP的SNA（°）ANB（°）U1－U6均值分别较安氏I类错牙合者小7．07°、4．05°、5．56 mm,SN－PP（°）均值较安氏I类错牙合者大3．98°。UCLP患者ANS－PNS（mm）、U1－PP（mm）等随发育较安氏I类错牙合者逐渐减小的趋势;结论：UCLP患者较安氏I类错牙合上颌位置靠后,上颌矢状向长度不足,腭平面顺时针旋转,上前牙舌倾。UCL患者上颌骨大小及位置与安氏I类错牙合相似。     

唇腭裂患者牵张成骨术后的侧貌变化

目的：通过对唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不足患者进行口外支架式前牵张治疗术后6～24个月的随访,观察分析其侧貌变化,为合理使用牵张器提供参考。方法：选取1998—2002年间上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院进行牵张成骨治疗、按时随访的唇腭裂患者14例进行术后随访分析。随访期分别为术后3、6、12、24个月,分别拍摄头颅定位侧位片及照片,记录患者的侧貌变化。结果：14例患者在牵张成骨术后6个月,至术后24个月,3例表现为双颌前突畸形,3例仍表现为面中部凹陷,1例表现为前牙开。结论：牵张成骨术治疗唇腭裂术后上颌骨发育不足患者具有一定优势,但牵张方向及牵张量难以控制,术后侧貌时不尽满意。因此,唇腭裂患者继发上颌骨发育不足在行牵张成骨术治疗时,应综合考虑多种因素的影响。     

Three-dimensional quantitative evaluation of facial morphology in adults with unilateral cleft lip and palate,and patients without clefts

The aims of this study were to assess the quantitative values of measurements using proportion indices in the craniofacial region in patients with repaired, non-syndromic, complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and compare them with a control group who did not have clefts using the non-invasive systems of 3-dimensional technology. Three-dimensional measurements of the facial surfaces of 15 Malay patients who had UCLP repaired and 100 Malay control patients aged 18–25 years were analysed. The 3-dimensional images of the respondents’ faces were captured using the VECTRA-3D Stereophotogrammetry System. Eleven craniofacial proportions were assessed using a combination of 18 linear measurements obtained from 21 anthropometric soft tissue landmarks. These measurements were used to produce proportion indices to find the differences in the morphological features between the groups, and assessed using the independent sample t test and z scores. There were significant differences between the groups in 7 out of 11 craniofacial proportion indices (p = 0.001–0.044). Z scores of 2 indices were disproportionate. They were nasal index (which was severely supernormal) and upper lip index (which was moderately supernormal). Patients with UCLP had higher mean z scores, indicating that patients with UCLP tended to have larger faces than the control group. There were clinically important differences mainly in the nasolabial area, where the nose and the upper lip were wider, larger, or flatter in patients with UCLP.     

Long-term skeletal stability after maxillary advancement with distraction osteogenesis in cleft lip and palate patients: A systematic review

Objective:To systematically review the long-term skeletal stability after maxillary advancement with distraction osteogenesis (DO) in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients.Materials and Methods:Electronic databases, grey literature, and reference list searches were conducted. The inclusion criteria were stability of maxillary advancement with distraction osteogenesis assessed at the posttreatment follow-up ≥ 1 year in CLP patients. Full articles were retrieved from abstracts or titles that appear to meet the inclusion criteria or lacked sufficient detail for immediate exclusion. Once full articles were collected, they were again reviewed considering more detailed inclusion criteria for a final selection decision. A methodologic quality assessment tool was utilized.Results:Thirty abstracts/titles met the initial search criteria, and 13 articles were finally selected. Overall, methodologic quality scores were high in only one randomized clinical trial. After maxillary advancement with DO in CLP patients, the long-term horizontal relapse in A-point was less than 15% in eight studies and between 20% and 25% in four studies. The study that was judged as a high-quality study reported 8.2% horizontal relapse in A-point. The relapse rate was higher in DO with external distracter device than DO with internal distracter device.Conclusions:Current evidence suggests maxillary advancement with DO has good stability in CLP patients with moderate and severe maxillary hypoplasia.     

唇腭裂患者心理干预影响的初步研究

目的 探讨心理干预对成人唇腭裂患者心理状况的影响.方法 对34例住院成人唇腭裂患者按照随机分组原则分为对照组和干预组.对照组在住院期间仅进行手术治疗,干预组在进行手术治疗的同时接受心理干预.人院后、出院前分别对两组患者进行测评,以评价心理干预对成人唇腭裂患者心理状况的影响.施测工具为交往焦虑量表、自尊量表及社会支持量表...     

自锁托槽对唇腭裂腭扩展短期效果的研究

目的：探讨自锁托槽对单侧完全性唇腭裂患者上颌腭扩展的短期治疗效果。方法选取5例恒牙期单侧完全性唇腭裂（UCLP）患者,未行牙槽突裂骨移植手术,上颌牙齿粘贴自锁托槽（AO, Time2）,放置高弹性镍钛弓丝,采集患者治疗前和腭扩展6~17个月后的牙颌模型、头颅定位后前位片进行测量,分析上颌腭扩展前后患者的牙弓、牙槽骨、腭穹窿以及颌骨的形态变化。结果牙颌模型测量结果提示：第一前磨牙区牙弓宽度明显增大,其次为尖牙区牙弓宽度,第一磨牙区牙弓宽度增加最少,第二磨牙区宽度减小。牙弓长度变化不明显。第一磨牙近中颊向扭转。腭部宽度增加,深度减小。头影测量结果提示：鼻腔宽度、上颌基骨宽度和上颌磨牙宽度稍有增加。结论唇腭裂自锁托槽腭扩展后上颌牙颌形态在横向宽度的变化较矢状向的变化明显。短期腭扩展治疗效果以牙齿移动和牙槽改建为主。     

Normal emotion regulation in adults with cleft lip and palate: An exploratory study

IntroductionCleft lip and palate (CLP) represent the most common congenital malformations of the midfacial region. Although these patients show differences in their facial appearance, we hypothesize that CLP-affected individuals do not show an alteration in their emotion regulation abilities compared to unaffected individuals. This is because of the strong biological basis of facial emotion and expression that is inherent and receives little influence from external factors.Material and methodsThe present study evaluated various aspects of emotion regulation in 25 adults with CLP and an equally sized control group of unaffected volunteers. The study was divided into three parts. First, we investigated emotion regulation strategies. Here, each participant was asked to complete the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire G 18 (AEQ-G18). Second, we examined the recognition of facially expressed basic emotions (FEEL test). Third, we evaluated the expression of an emotion induced by an odor sample.ResultsHabitual emotion regulation, measured by ERQ and AEQ-G18, was not different between CLP and controls subjects for all of the sub-scales. Recognition of facially expressed basic emotions was also the same for both groups. Facial emotion encoding did not differ for both groups.ConclusionsTo summarize, the findings suggest that individuals with an orofacial cleft show undisturbed emotion regulation and recognition. This may be explained by the strong biological basis of facial emotion recognition and regulation as well as by the healthy emotional resilience and social functioning of CLP patients.     

Impacted maxillary canine in unilateral cleft lip and palate: A literature review

Background

The incidence of canine impaction in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) is increasing and in most cases is a part of a syndrome. The provision of different treatment modalities in these patients is a challenging and daunting task.

成年唇腭裂患者社会生活状态的初步探讨

目的 了解成年唇腭裂患者社会行为、社会生活等基本情况及心理状况,为针对性给予唇腭裂患者社会支持及心理帮助提供参考.方法 采用基本信息调查表,对成年先天性唇腭裂患者社会心理、社会支持等各方面的情况进行问卷调查.所得数据资料采用SPSS软件进行统计分析.结果 唇腭裂患者的文化水平与居住地有明显相关性;成年唇腭裂患者有选择语言交流或语言表达较少或基本不与人交流的工作的倾向,这与其语音障碍有直接关系;达到已婚年龄的男性成年唇腭裂患者,结婚平均年龄较正常人群偏高(P＜0.05),而女性患者无显著差异(P＞0.1).结论 成年唇腭裂患者在择业、婚姻等方面与相应年龄的非唇腭裂对照组人群相比有明显困难,这可能与其外貌缺陷、语音障碍及心理因素有较大关系.     

福建省唇腭裂流行病学研究

目的为了解福建省唇腭裂发病情况并分析致畸因素。方法对１９８６年１０月至１９９２年１２月６年内福建省２２所医院的出生缺陷监测资料进行唇腭裂发病情况的研究。结果在１３９８８２名新生儿中发现唇腭裂２０４例，福建省唇腭裂发病率为１．４６‰（１∶６８４），尚不属国内高发区。６年的年度发病率未见有明显的变化。２０４例唇腭裂中有２８例伴有其他系统畸形。结论本研究母亲年龄、孕次、产次对唇腭裂发生的影响作用不肯定；吸烟、接触有害物质及孕期用药等因素与唇腭裂发病率有重要关系。     

双侧齿槽嵴裂二期植骨术后的植骨效果分析

目的 分析双侧齿槽嵴裂二期植骨术后的植骨效果及影响植骨效果的因素。方法 对５１例行双侧齿槽嵴裂二期植骨的唇腭裂患者作回顾性研究。对术后随访的Ｘ线片进行植骨效果的客观评价,并根据手术时裂隙处尖牙的萌出情况及手术年龄,将患者分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三组,Ａ组为尖牙萌出前,Ｂ组为尖牙萌出后,Ｃ组年龄大于或等于１６岁,分析不同组别的植骨效果,同时分析手术类型与植骨效果的关系。结果 ①双侧齿槽嵴裂二期植骨的临床成功率     

恒牙列早期唇腭裂修复术后患者下颌骨位置与形态的测量研究

目的：研究唇腭裂修复术对下颌骨形态和位置的影响。方法：选取21例非唇腭裂患者（非裂患者）作为A组（男10例,女11例,平均年龄13.10岁）,19例单侧唇腭裂伴牙槽突裂患者作为B组（男11例,女8例,平均年龄11.57岁）,17例双侧唇腭裂伴牙槽突裂患者作为C组（男10例,女7例,平均年龄12.50岁）。在正畸治疗前进行头影测量,分析下颌骨的形态和位置,使用SPSS17.0软件包对3组患者的测量数据进行独立样本t检验。结果：单侧唇腭裂患者与非裂患者在ANSMe、SNB、BaNPog和CoGo-MP存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,在CoGo、GoGn、CoGn、SGo和NMe也存在显著差异（P〈0.01）。双侧唇腭裂患者与非裂患者在GoGn和SN-MP存在显著差异（P〈0.05）,在SNB和CoGo-MP也存在显著差异（P〈0.01）。结论：唇腭裂修复术对下颌骨生长发育的影响主要表现在下颌骨矢状向位置偏后,下颌体长度减小,下颌支高度降低以及下颌骨向后、向下旋转。     

前方牵引治疗单侧完全性唇腭裂患者术后前牙反[牙合]畸形的研究

目的探讨前方牵引治疗单侧完全性唇腭裂（UCLP）患者术后前牙反[牙合]畸形的效果。方法进行前瞻性临床研究设计,UCLP术后骨性前牙反[牙合]患者治疗组18例,年龄9．63±1．24岁,观察对照组14例,平均8．71±1．92岁,均处于生长发育高峰前期。使用前方牵引进行治疗,治疗或观察前后拍摄头颅侧位片并测量,进行成组设计和配对设计t检验。结果UCLP治疗组前方牵引后,上颌骨前移;下颌后移合并后下旋转;上下颌间关系和面型改善明显,上颌与下颌改变的比值为1：1．7。对照组上下颌不调、前牙反覆盖、凹面型加重。结论UCLP术后轻中度骨性前牙反[牙合]畸形,前方牵引能够促进上颌骨向前,改善上下颌骨关系和软组织面型,应该早期矫形治疗。     

Nasolabial symmetry and aesthetics in children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between nasolabial symmetry and aesthetics in children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). Frontal and basal photographs of 60 consecutively treated children with CUCLP (cleft group: 41 boys and 19 girls, mean (SD) age 11 (2) years) and 44 children without clefts (control group: 16 boys and 28 girls, mean (SD) age 11(2) years), were used for evaluation of nasolabial symmetry and aesthetics. Nasal and labial measurements were made to calculate the coefficient of asymmetry (CA). The 5-grade aesthetic index described by Asher-McDade et al. was used to evaluate nasolabial appearance. Correlation and regression analysis were used to identify an association between aesthetics and CA, sex, and the presence of CUCLP. Ten measurements in the cleft, and 2 in the control, group differed significantly between the cleft and non-cleft (or right and left) sides, respectively. The significantly higher values of 9 of 11 CA in the children with CUCLP indicated that they had more asymmetrical nasolabial areas than children without clefts. However, the regression analyses showed that only a few CA were associated with nasolabial aesthetics. In conclusion, nasolabial aesthetics and nasolabial symmetry seem to be only weakly associated in patients with CUCLP.