Genital inoculation of male baboons with Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Eight male baboons inoculated intraurethrally with Neisseria gonorrhoeae failed to shed gonococci or develop serum antibody. Urethral inoculation, preceded by epididymal inoculation, elicited an anamnestic antibody response.     

Microvascularisation of the male urethra in neonates and infants

The microvascularisation of the male urethra was studied in neonates and infants by injection of agarised China ink into the circulation. The purpose of this study was to specify the angioarchitecture of each tunic of the urethral wall. The disposition of the microvascularisation networks varies depending on the urethral parts considered: only the mucous membrane networks are uniform throughout the entire urethra. The sub-mucous networks are significantly increased in the spongy part. The muscular networks disappear in the spongy part.     

Isolation of Mycoplasma genitalium strains from the male urethra.

Mycoplasma genitalium is a human mycoplasma species which, on the basis of detection by PCR, has been incriminated as a cause of nongonococcal urethritis. Previously, only two strains from the urogenital tract and five strains from extragenital sites have been isolated. We have developed a method for the isolation of this fastidious microbe. M. genitalium from PCR-positive urethral specimens was initially propagated in Vero cell cultures grown in serum-free medium supplemented with Ultroser HY serum substitute. Growth was monitored by PCR. The M. genitalium strains grown in cell cultures could subsequently be subcultured in modified Friis's FF broth medium. Several passages in broth medium were required before growth on agar medium was attained. A total of 11 urethral specimens positive for M. genitalium by PCR from male patients with urethritis were investigated. Six strains were adapted to growth in broth medium, and four of these strains were cloned. Three specimens were overgrown by other mycoplasmas during propagation in the cell cultures. In only two PCR-positive specimens was propagation of M. genitalium unsuccessful. The use of cell culture combined with PCR monitoring of mycoplasmal growth may prove to be more widely applicable for the isolation of other fastidious mollicutes.     

N. gonorrhoeae: pathogenicity of colonial type 5.

This paper records the results of the intravenous inoculation of chick embryos with type 5 gonococci and establishes that these strains are pathogenic.     

不孕不育者生殖道淋球菌、沙眼衣原体和解脲支原体的检测结果分析

目的了解在不孕不育患者中生殖道淋球菌（NC）、沙眼衣原体（CT）、解脲支原体（UU）感染的情况。方法应用实时荧光定量PCR方法对465例不孕不育患者生殖道3种病原体基因进行定量测定。结果阳性检出268例，总阳性率为57．64％，其中UU的阳性检出率最高，占43．87％；重叠感染中以UU＋CT的阳性检出率最高，占3．44％。结论不孕不育患者生殖道中3种病原体感染率不尽相同，尤以UU感染率最高，是造成不孕不育的重要原因。     

Molecular Typing of N. gonorrhoeae Strains Prevalent in the Russian Federation

Genetic polymorphism of Russian population of N. gonorrhoeae was detected and a system for genotyping of its clinical strains was introduced into practice. Comparative analysis of the prevalence of N. gonorrhoeae genotypes in Russia and abroad was carried out. For adaptation of the methods of molecular typing of N. gonorrhoeae strains and its approbation on clinical strains isolated in Russia 41 clinical strains of N. gonorrhoeae were typed. The predominance of PIB serovar (83%) was demonstrated.     

感染与精子膜WGA受体的相关性

精子膜WGA受体与受精、获能和胚胎发育密切相关,其含量的下降可影响男性生育能力。解脲脲原体感染是导致男性不育的因素之一。研究发现解脲脲原体感染引起的精子变化与将WGA加入精子悬液后精子的形态改变及凝集十分相似。因而联想到解脲脲原体或许起着配体的作用。为此我们采用PCR技术及酶联凝集素测定法,检测了245例     

Comparison of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Multiantigen Sequence Typing and porB Sequence Analysis for Identification of Clusters of N. gonorrhoeae Isolates

porB DNA sequence analysis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) methods were compared for their abilities to discriminate strains and to identify epidemiologically congruent pairs of N. gonorrhoeae. Both methods provided high-level discrimination of strains. NG-MAST further differentiated large porB-based clusters. However, considerations of cost suggest that porB DNA sequence analysis is a useful tool for preliminary molecular analysis of the epidemiology of N. gonorrhoeae.     

Histology of the canine uretha II. Morphometry of the male pelvic urethra

Urinary bladders and pelvic urethrae were collected from six adult and two juvenile male dogs. Within two vesical and six urethral sampling regions, volume densities were estimated for smooth and striated muscle, connective tissue and elastic fibers, stratum cavernosum, luminal epithelium, and prostate. The neck had significantly less smooth muscle and more connective tissue than the body of the bladder. In the prostatic urethra, smooth muscle was associated principally with trabeculae surrounding prostate lobules. Smooth muscle was sparse superficially in the prostatic capsule and practically absent in relation to the mid-prostatic urethra. Thus there was no mechanism for active closure of the middle prostatic urethra, and elastic fiber density was correspondingly high in this region. The smooth muscle sphincter needed to maintain urinary continuence and prevent semen reflux was primarily the vesical neck. Caudal to the body of the prostate, striated muslce comprised more than 50% of the urethral wall. Juvenile and adult postprostatic urethrae were similar except for a decreased quantity of stratum cavernosum in the pups.     

Characterization of a catalase-deficient strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: evidence for the significance of catalase in the biology of N. gonorrhoeae.

We obtained a catalase-deficient (Kat-) strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from a patient who had been unsuccessfully treated with penicillin. Quantitative enzyme assays and electrophoresis of cell extracts on native polyacrylamide gels subsequently stained for catalase and peroxidase activities failed to detect both enzymes. The strain exhibited no growth anomalies or unusual requirements when grown under ordinary laboratory conditions. However, the Kat- strain proved extremely sensitive to exogenous hydrogen peroxide, and analysis of the bacterial DNA after such exposure showed extensive single-strand breakage in both chromosomal and plasmid DNAs. Partial characterization of the gonococcal catalase from a Kat+ laboratory strain revealed that the enzyme had the physical and chemical properties of both catalase and peroxidase.     

An adenosquamous carcinoma of the male urethra with hypercalcemia

A case of primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the urethra observed in a 52 year old man is described. The patient had a history of recurrent scrotal abscess for seven and one-half months following trauma to the region. The serum calcium level was found to be elevated when carcinoma was diagnosed. The calcium level returned to normal after resection of the lesion but rose again when local recurrence and metastasis developed. He died three and one-half months after the surgery.     

男性尿道膜部括约肌支配神经的应用解剖

目的:为根治性膀胱前列腺切除手术中保护尿道控尿神经提供解剖学依据。方法:对15例成年男性尸体盆腔标本进行解剖,观察支配尿道膜部括约肌神经的组成、形态及毗邻关系。结果:尿道膜部括约肌接受下腹下丛和阴部神经盆内盆外分支支配,其中盆神经起源于下腹下丛远端盆内脏神经分支,沿肛提肌表面到达尿道膜部5点和7点位;40%的标本中阴部神经存在盆内分支,此分支自阴部管内的阴部神经主干穿肛提肌进入盆内,与盆神经一起支配尿道膜部括约肌,其进入尿道膜部的位置距离前列腺尖部(5.3±1.8)mm。在53.3%的标本中阴茎背神经发出分支到达尿道膜部,此分支进入尿道膜部的位置距离前列腺尖部(4.2±1.1)mm。结论:根治性膀胱前列腺切除术中对控尿神经的保护是多方面的,术中对精囊和前列腺尖部的操作最易损伤控尿神经。     

不同性别非淋患者解脲支原体和沙眼衣原体感染的比较

目的为了研究不同性别非淋患者UU和CT感染的特点.方法 FQ -PCR用于检测UUDNA和CTDNA.结果女性UU阳性率为60.80%(214/353)﹑CT为12.00%(42/3 50),χ2=179.448,P＜0.01;男性UU阳性率为23.20%(45/194)﹑CT为9.27%(23/248 ),χ2=16.21,P＜0.01;女性UU感染阳性率高于男性,χ2=70.348,P＜0.01 .女性UU定量拷贝对数值6.211±1.302﹑CT 5.709±1.956 ,t=2.356,P=0.020;男性 UU 5.624±1.187﹑CT 6.123±1.890 ,t=1.701,P=0.092;女性UU定量非常显著高于男性UU,t=3.013,P=0.003.并同时对233例女性和58例男性阳性感染各模式进行了分析.结论女性患者多与男性;UU是非淋主要的病原体;UU引起女性急性感染比男性常见.     

Antibiotics sensitivity pattern of N. gonorrhoeae with special emphasis on norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin

The current study is carried out to find the in-vitro susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae to Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Gentamycin etc. in 110 isolates obtained from acute gonococcal urethritis confirmed by smear examination. The isolates obtained are from the patients attending the Skin and STD Clinic of a teaching hospital, clinically diagnosed as suffering from acute gonococcal urethritis. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. Four to five similar well isolated colonies of the gonococcal strains were picked up with a wire loop and transferred to 5 cc of sterile trypticase soya broth (TSB). Tubes were incubated at 36 degrees C. GC agar base plates were inoculated with suspensions using a sterile cotton swab. Antibiotic discs were placed on these plates. The plates were incubated at 35 degrees C for 18-24 hours in a candle jar with 5-10% CO2. The plates were then observed to note the zones of inhibition around the discs. 87.27% of isolated strains were inhibited by norfloxacin at an MIC of 0.06 mu gm/ml; 89.08% of the strains were inhibited by ciprofloxacin at an MIC of 0.025 mu gm/ml. All the strains (110) were inhibited by ciprofloxacin at a concentration of 0.2 mu gm/ml. Gentamycin sensitivity was 86.36%. Out of 110 patients, 85 were treated with norfloxacin of which 81 (95.29%) were cured. Twenty five were treated with ciprofloxacin of which 24 (96%) were cured. This study shows high sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin.     

Rising trend of antimicrobial resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates and the emergence of N. gonorrhoeae isolate with decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone

Context: Gonorrhoea is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) in developing countries and is a global health problem. Aims: To analyze the trend of antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates over the years, in a tertiary care hospital of North India. Settings and Design: The study population comprised males with urethritis and females with endocervicitis attending STI clinic of our hospital. Materials and Methods: In our STI laboratory, all gonococcal isolates are subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. ß-lactamase production is determined by chromogenic cephalosporin test. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for ceftriaxone is determined by E-test. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were expressed as percentages. The differences in percentages were tested for statistical significance by using χ² test and P values were determined. Results: The percentage of penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) increased from 8% in 1995-96 to 20% in 2004-05 and 88% in 2011-2013. Quinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (QRNG) showed a significant increase from 12% in 1995-96 to 98.3% in 2004-05, while 84% isolates were found to be QRNG by 2011-2013. In January 2013 we detected our first gonococcal isolate with decreased susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins; Ceftriaxone, Cefixime and Cefpodoxime (MIC for ceftriaxone = 0.19 μg/ml). Conclusions: The results of our study highlighted an alarming increase in the percentage of PPNG and QRNG strains over the years. Emergence of N. gonorrhoeae isolates with decreased susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins is a cause of concern and thus emphasises the importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing.     

148例男性前列腺炎患者病原体PCR定量分析

目的为了研究男性前列腺炎患者解脲支原体(UU)和沙眼衣原体(CT)感染特征.方法 FQ-PCR用于148例男性前列腺液的UUDNA和CTDNA定量检测.结果 UU和CT同时阳性10例(阳性率为6.76%),UU拷贝对数值为6.430±1.676,CT为5.904±0.729;UU单项阳性30例(阳性率20.27%),拷贝对数值为5.558±1.367;CT单项阳性8例(阳性率5.41%),拷贝对数值为5.046±2.220.结论 UU与CT相比较是引起男性前列腺炎的主要病原体,在合并和单项感染中两种病原体引起疾病急性发作的机会没有统计学差异.     

128例原发性不育患者精液解脲脲原体的检测

采用解脲脲原体检测试剂对１２８例原发性不育患者的精液进行解脲脲原体病原学诊断，阳性率为３１．２５％（４０／１２８）。本文结果提示在山西省大同地区，解脲脲原体感染可能是引起男性原发性不育的重要原因之一。