G-CSF不同处理方式对大鼠颈总动脉球囊损伤后内膜增生的影响

目的探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）不同处理方式对大鼠颈总动脉球囊损伤后内膜增生以及再内皮化的影响,评价对损伤血管的影响。方法将雄性SD大鼠90只随机分为3组,每组30只,即G-CSF预处理组,于颈总动脉球囊损伤前7d开始皮下注射G-CSF,连续7d后,进行颈总动脉球囊导管损伤;G-CSF后处理组,于颈总动脉球囊损伤后即刻开始皮下注射G-CSF,连续7d;对照组:只进行颈总动脉球囊损伤。3组大鼠均于术后即刻,3,7,14,21及28d,取损伤血管段进行病理组织学检查观察细胞增殖的情况,并采用RT-PCR法检测内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）的表达。结果G-CSF预处理组内膜面积小于G-CSF后处理组及对照组,管腔直径多于对照组,内膜、中膜面积比值在3组中最低。G-CSF预处理组中eNOS的表达明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;G-CSF后处理组中eNOS的表达与对照组比较无明显差异;G-CSF预处理组与G-CSF后处理组比较亦无统计学差异。结论G-CSF可促进大鼠颈总动脉球囊损伤后再内皮化的进程,抑制内膜增生过程,对球囊损伤具有修复作用,可预防血管成形术术后的再狭窄,G-CSF预处理组较G-CSF后处理组的效果更佳。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子与感染

集落刺激因子是调节体内外造血干细胞及成熟白细胞功能的一组糖蛋白生长因子，而粒细胞集落刺激因子则是其中一种主要作用于中性粒细胞的集落刺激因子。本文阐述粒细胞集落刺激因子的产生与作用，对感染的反应性性即体内存在感染时其上升情况，以及对免疫缺隐患者的治疗等问题。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子对阿尔茨海默病大鼠脑内炎症的影响

目的探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)大鼠对脑内炎症反应的影响。方法 54只Wistar雄性大鼠(3~4个月龄),随机选取18只作为正常组、36只制作AD大鼠模型成功后采用随机数字表法各选取18只分别作为治疗组、模型组;模型组和正常组采用HE染色法对大脑皮层组织进行观察,治疗组给予G-GCS(0.3 ml·kg-1·d-1),模型组和正常组分别给予等量磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)注射,又分别于第7、14、21天进行相关指标的检测并进行组间比较。结果正常组治疗第7、14、21天的大脑皮层细胞IL-1β染色光密度值均显著低于模型组、治疗组(P0.05),治疗组治疗14、21 d后大脑皮层细胞IL-1β染色光密度值低于模型组(P0.05)。正常组治疗第7、14、21天的大脑皮层细胞TNF-α染色光密度值均显著低于模型组、治疗组(P0.05),治疗组治疗14、21 d后大脑皮层细胞TNF-α染色光密度值低于模型组(P0.05)。结论 AD大鼠对脑内炎症反应作用显著增强,G-CSF可以有效降低AD大鼠的炎症反应作用,对大鼠大脑皮层细胞具有一定的保护作用。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗心肌梗死

粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗心肌梗死,能动员骨髓干细胞迁移至梗死部位,并分化为心肌细胞、平滑肌细胞、血管内皮细胞,从而减少梗死面积,改善心脏功能,但动物实验结果仍存在着矛盾,临床应用的有效性和安全性还需进一步探讨.     

粒细胞集落刺激因子及其受体

粒细胞集落刺激因子（Ｇ－ＣＳＦ）是一种多肽链的细胞生长因子,可特异地调节粒系细胞的增殖与分化,并能增强成熟粒细胞的功能,对机体应激防御系统有重要意义。近年来发现Ｇ－ＣＳＦ与白血病细胞的凋亡有一定关系。Ｇ－ＣＳＦ功能的发挥有赖于与效应细胞表面的特异性受体的结合。随着基因克隆技术的发展,Ｇ－ＣＳＦ重组产品已广泛用于临床,为血液病及其他疾病的治疗提供了有力的手段。１　Ｇ－ＣＳＦ的生物学作用人类Ｇ－ＣＳＦ由单个基因编码,其基因位于１７号染色体的ｑ２１－２２区,长约２．５ｋｂ,有５个外显子和４个内含子;其…     

粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗粒细胞缺乏症疗效观察

1999～2003年，我院应用重组粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)治疗粒细胞缺乏症，疗效较好。现报告如下。     

重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子对大鼠脑出血后神经功能损伤的保护

目的 探讨重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)动员骨髓干细胞对大鼠脑出血(ICH)后神经功能损伤的影响.方法 实验动物随机分为假手术组、治疗组、ICH组.利用鼠脑立体定位定向仪、采用尾动脉取自体血法制模型,治疗组于术后1 h始腹部皮下注射G-CSF(50 μg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),在相应时间点大鼠行神经功能评分(NSS)后处死,用免疫组化法观察脑出血周围组织caspase-3、Brdu蛋白表达.结果 治疗组神经功能评分和caspase蛋白表达均明显低于ICH组,二者相比有显著差异(P＜0.05),治疗组的Brdu阳性细胞均多于ICH组,但只有第1周的差别有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 rhG-CSF动员骨髓干细胞对脑出血大鼠有明显的神经保护作用.     

粒细胞集落刺激因子对大鼠肺动脉高压模型的影响

目的:探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)对野百合碱(MCT)诱导的大鼠肺动脉高压(PAH)的治疗作用。方法:动物随机分为3组:正常对照组(CON组)、MCT组和MCT/G-CSF组,腹腔注射MCT诱导大鼠PAH模型,采用G-CSF腹腔注射动员自体骨髓干细胞(BMSC),动员结束后行肺组织CD34免疫组化染色,第5周分别对3组大鼠进行血流动力学检测,处死大鼠,取肺、右心组织行苏木素-伊红(HE)染色。结果:1.动员结束后第2天,CD34+细胞浸润至肺血管平滑肌层和血管内皮细胞周围,以及肺泡间隔内;2.实验第35天,MCT组大鼠肺小动脉管壁增厚、管腔明显狭窄,血流动力学指标明显高于CON组(P<0.01);3.MCT/G-CSF组肺血管病变明显改善、肺泡结构完整,血流动力学指标明显低于MCT组(P<0.05)。结论:G-CSF可以动员骨髓干细胞并归巢致受损肺组织内,部分逆转PAH的血流动力学和病理学改变、减缓PAH的进展,用于PAH的研究和治疗。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子对心脏缺血—再灌注损伤大鼠心功能的影响

将32只Wistar大鼠在缺血—再灌注的复灌过程中分别灌入粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）0 ng/ml（I/R组）、10 ng/ml（G10组）、50 ng/ml（G50组）、300 ng/ml（G300组）,测定左心室收缩压（LVSP）、左心室舒张末压（LVEDP）、左心室内压上升最大速率（＋dp/dtmax）、左心室内压下降最大速率（-dp/dtmax）;用氯化三苯基四氮唑染色法检测心肌梗死面积。结果G10组的心功能指标（除LVEDP外）与I/R组相比无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;G50组LVSP高于I/R组,LVEDP低于I/R组（P〈0.05）;与I/R组相比,G300组LVSP、＋dp/dtmax和-dp/dtmax显著升高、LVEDP显著降低,G50组、G300组梗死面积百分比显著降低（P均〈0.01）。提示一定剂量的G-CSF可改善大鼠离体心脏的心功能,缩小心肌梗死面积。     

Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor upon coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis in mice

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is a potent activatorof mature granulocytes, and subsequently enhances superoxiderelease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectsof granulocyte colony-stimulating factor upon murine coxsackievirusB3 myocarditis in relation to free radical-mediated cardiacdamage. Two-week-old, male, C₃H/He mice were inoculated intraperitoneallywith coxsackievirus B3. Gramulocyte colony-stimulating factor20 µg.kg^–1. day^–1, polyethylene glycol-conjugatedsuperoxide dismutase (an enzyme catalyzing the conversion ofO₂^- to H₂O₂) 1 x 10³ U.kg^–1 day^–1 and granulocytecolony-stimulating factor 20 µg. kg^–1 day^–1,plus polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase 1 x10³ U.kg^–1. day^–1, were injected subcutaneouslydaily on days 0 to 14. Treated groups were compared to the infected,untreated group. The survival rate in the polyethylene glycol-conjugatedsuperoxide dismutase group was higher than that of the untreatedgroup on day 14, but on day 7, cardiac pathology was not significantlydifferent among the four groups. On day 14, the scores of cellularinfiltration, myocardial necrosis and calc were lower in thepolyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide disnuitase group andin the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor plus polyethyleneglycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase group than in the untreatedgroup. The myocardial virus titres on days 7 and 14 did notd sign y among the four groups. The number of total white bloodcell and neutrophil counts were signifIcantly greater in thegranulo cyte colony-stimulating factor group than in the untreatedgroup on day 7. Taken altogether with the previous reports andpresent evidence that the administration of granulocyte colony-stimulatingfactor did not exacerbate coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis, itmay be that oxygen-free radicals appeared to be derived notfrom leukocytes but from other components in this experimentalmodel of myocarditis, whereas the myocardium was inflamed withleukocytes.     

Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor upon coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis in mice

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is a potent activatorof mature granulocytes, and subsequently enhances superoxiderelease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectsof granulocyte colony-stimulating factor upon murine coxsackievirusB3 myocarditis in relation to free radical-mediated cardiacdamage. Two-week-old, male, C₃H/He mice were inoculated intraperitoneallywith coxsackievirus B3. Gramulocyte colony-stimulating factor20 µg.kg^–1. day^–1, polyethylene glycol-conjugatedsuperoxide dismutase (an enzyme catalyzing the conversion ofO₂^- to H₂O₂) 1 x 10³ U.kg^–1 day^–1 and granulocytecolony-stimulating factor 20 µg. kg^–1 day^–1,plus polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase 1 x10³ U.kg^–1. day^–1, were injected subcutaneouslydaily on days 0 to 14. Treated groups were compared to the infected,untreated group. The survival rate in the polyethylene glycol-conjugatedsuperoxide dismutase group was higher than that of the untreatedgroup on day 14, but on day 7, cardiac pathology was not significantlydifferent among the four groups. On day 14, the scores of cellularinfiltration, myocardial necrosis and calc were lower in thepolyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide disnuitase group andin the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor plus polyethyleneglycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase group than in the untreatedgroup. The myocardial virus titres on days 7 and 14 did notd sign y among the four groups. The number of total white bloodcell and neutrophil counts were signifIcantly greater in thegranulo cyte colony-stimulating factor group than in the untreatedgroup on day 7. Taken altogether with the previous reports andpresent evidence that the administration of granulocyte colony-stimulatingfactor did not exacerbate coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis, itmay be that oxygen-free radicals appeared to be derived notfrom leukocytes but from other components in this experimentalmodel of myocarditis, whereas the myocardium was inflamed withleukocytes.     

Successful use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to correct neutropenia in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

A case of wound infection secondary to profound neutropenia associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is described. Both the neutropenia and infection resolved with the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. This agent may be useful in other similar patients.     

Role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as adjunct therapy for septicemia in children with acute leukemia

The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been shown to accelerate recovery from severe neutropenia and to decrease the incidence of documented infections after intensive chemotherapy in cancer patients. However, the routine prophylactic use of G-CSF is expensive. This study was conducted to determine the role of G-CSF as adjunct therapy for septicemia following neutropenia caused by chemotherapy in children with acute leukemia. Fifty consecutive episodes of septicemia were studied involving 34 episodes of Gram-negative, 7 episodes of Gram-positive, 5 episodes of polymicrobial bacterial septicemia, one episode of fungemia, and 3 episodes of disseminated fungal infection. In the first 25 episodes, G-CSF was not used (group A). For the next 16 episodes, G-CSF 200 μg per square meter per day subcutaneously was given immediately after the septicemia was documented until the absolute neutrophil count was maintained at more than 1,500 per cubic millimeter (group B). Thereafter, G-CSF at the same dose as that of group B was prophylactically used in all the children who received high-dose cytosine arablnc-side-containing regimens. Nine episodes of septicemia occurred (group C). The incidences of mortality per episode of septicemia in groups A, B, and C were 12.0% (3/25), 12.5% (2/16) and 0% (0/9), respectively. Statistically, there was no difference between the three groups overall and in pair-wise comparisons (all P > 0.5). The durations of G-CSF administration in group B ranged from 6 to 26 days with a median of 12 days and the durations of G-CSF administration in group C ranged from 10 to 23 days with a median of 19 days. With or without G-CSF, there may be no significant difference in the mortality of septicemia following neutropenia caused by chemotherapy in children with acute leukemia.     

Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF; filgrastim) treatment of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis

Abstract. After 10 weeks of treatment with clozapine, severe agranulocytosis was diagnosed in a 33-year-old female. The patient was treated with filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]) 5 μg kg^?1 day^?1. The neutrophil count was 0.234 × 10⁹ l^?1 on admission, with a further decrease the next day to < 0.050 × 10⁹ l^?1, and this complete agranulocytosis continued for 10 days. As no response was obtained after 1 week the dosage of filgrastim was increased to 10 μg kg^?1 day^?1 with immediate improvement. A rapid and pronounced leucocytosis developed with maximal value of neutrophil granulocytes (including immature forms) of 33.108 × 10⁹ l^?1 on day 12 after admission. The patient only had minor infectious complications during the neutropenic period. In conclusion, early treatment with filgrastim seems warranted in severe cases of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. A dosage of 10 μg kg^?1 day^?1 can be recommended.     

Characterization of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor expressed on human lymphocytes

We have studied the characterization of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) in human lymphocytes. About one-third to one-quarter of the B lymphocytes from peripheral B-cell sources displayed G-CSF binding on the two-colour immunofluorescence study. The rate of G-CSFR-expressing (G-CSFR+) B cells was higher in bone marrow and cord blood than in peripheral blood, spleen and tonsil. G-CSFR expression was greater in the surface immunoglobulin D (IgD)-positive (sIgD+) B-cell population, but scarce in the sIgD- B-cell population. In tonsil, G-CSFR+ B cells were present among the cells with naive B and germinal-centre B phenotypes, but those with memory B phenotype were rarely found on triple-colour immunofluorescence analysis. Mitogen-activated, but not resting, T lymphocytes also showed G-CSF binding. Several continuous T- and B-cell lines expressed functional G-CSFR, because the addition of G-CSF enhanced the proliferative response of these cell lines. A sequence analysis of G-CSFR mRNA isoforms obtained from the T and B cells revealed that G-CSFR was derived from class I and class IV mRNA. Our results indicated that G-CSFR was constitutively expressed on the B-cell surface and was inducible in T cells.     

Successful treatment of virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome in adults by cyclosporin A supported by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Two young adult patients with typical virus-associated haemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) were treated with cyclosporin A and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Clinical symptoms such as high fever and malaise disappeared rapidly with concurrent haematological improvement in both patients. The serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble IL-2 receptor, tumour necrosis factor and macrophage-CSF were all elevated before treatment but that of G-CSF was not. The dramatic effect of cyclosporin A observed implies that it efficiently and rapidly suppresses the cytokine storm caused by dysregulated T cells in VAHS. In addition, G-CSF may promote haematological recovery without syndrome regression. We believe that the combination of cyclosporin A and G-CSF may be effective, at least in selected patients with VAHS. Further studies are required to confirm its role as first-line therapy for adult patients with VAHS.     

Functional interaction between mutations in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor in severe congenital neutropenia

Most severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) cases possess constitutive neutrophil elastase mutations; a smaller cohort has acquired mutations truncating the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSF-R). We have described a case with constitutive extracellular G-CSF-R mutation hyporesponsive to ligand. Here we report two independent acquired G-CSF-R truncation mutations and a novel constitutive neutrophil elastase mutation in this patient. Co-expression of a truncated receptor chain restored STAT5 signalling responses of the extracellular G-CSF-R mutant, while constitutively-active STAT5 enhanced its proliferative capacity. These data add to our knowledge of SCN and further highlight the importance of STAT5 in mediating proliferative responses to G-CSF.     

Phase II study of glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation

Background: The lengthy period of neutropenia which follows allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) results in significant morbidity and some mortality. Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhuG-CSF) effectively reduces neutropenia and morbidity when given after autologous BMT, but has not been adequately investigated in allografts. Aims: To assess the tolerability, safety and efficacy of rhuG-CSF after allogeneic BMT. Methods: rhuG-CSF was administered to 13 adult patients with haematological malignancies after HLA-identical sibling BMT. Five μg/kg of rhuG-CSF was given daily by subcutaneous bolus injection, commencing four hours after marrow infusion and continuing until the neutrophil count was ≥ 1.0 × 10⁹/L on three consecutive days. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was cyclosporin and short-course methotrexate (days 1, 3, 6 and 11). Prophylactic intravenous (IV) antibiotics were administered from the onset of neutropenia. The control group consisted of patients with comparable diagnoses, transplanted before and after the current study using identical supportive care and GVHD prophylaxis policies. Results: Although time to recovery of the neutrophil count to >0.1 × 10⁹/L was similar, the rhuG-CSF-treated patients experienced accelerated recovery to > 0.5 × 10⁹/L, which occurred at a median of 15 days (range 11–21) after marrow infusion in study patients compared to 18.5 days (range 14–41) in the controls (p = 0.04). No significant differences were detected in any of the indices of transplant-related morbidity examined, including the number of days of fever, the incidence of culture-positive infections, the usage of antibiotics, the requirement for parenteral nutrition and IV morphine, the maximum severity of mucositis and GVHD, and the day of discharge. Conclusion: Within the context of this study, rhuG-CSF had limited impact on the clinical outcome of HLA-identical sibling BMT. (Aust NZ J Med 1994; 24: 541–546.)     

Serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels in patients with chronic neutropenia of childhood: modulation of G-CSF levels by myeloid precursor cell mass

The serum G-CSF levels of eight patients with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) were found to be significantly higher than those of 22 patients with chronic benign neutropenia (CBN). The relative number of cells expressing the G-CSF receptor in light density bone marrow cells (LDBMC) was lower in patients with SCN than in patients with CBN or in normal subjects. When recombinant human G-CSF was incubated with LDBMC, G-CSF levels were decreased by LDBMC from normal subjects and CBN patients, but not by those from SCN patients. Serum G-CSF concentrations, which are affected by mature neutrophils, may also be modulated by myeloid precursor cells in the bone marrow.