原发性开角型青光眼 HRT 视盘参数与视野缺损计分的关系

目的探讨原发性开角型青光眼(primary open an-gle glaucoma,POAG)病例的海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪(Hei-delberg retinal tomoscanner,HRT-Ⅱ)视盘参数与视野缺损计分的关系。方法对29例(30眼)POAG患者采用HRT-Ⅱ进行视盘检测;采用Humphrey视野计进行视野检查,运用AGIS计分系统并稍加改动对视野缺损情况进行计分,HRT参数包括视盘面积、视杯面积、盘沿面积、视杯容积、杯盘面积比、线性杯/盘比、平均视杯深度、视盘最大深度、平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度、视杯形态测量,将HRT视盘参数与视野计分进行相关统计学处理。结果HRT视盘参数中盘沿面积、视杯容积、杯盘面积比、平均视网膜神经纤维层厚度、视杯形态测量与视野缺损计分有直线相关关系。对视盘参数与视野计分进行逐步回归筛选变量时盘沿面积被选入,建立回归方程Y=12.351-5.123X(Y表示视野缺损计分,X表示盘沿面积)。结论POAG的视盘参数中盘沿面积与视野缺损计分关系最密切,视野缺损计分能对视野损害程度进行准确量化。     

Period prevalence and incidence of optic disc haemorrhage in normal tension glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma

Background: To investigate and compare the period prevalences and incidences of optic disc haemorrhages in normal tension glaucoma and primary open‐angle glaucoma. Design: Hospital‐based retrospective study. Participants: Four hundred and four patients with normal tension glaucoma and 210 patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma that underwent consecutive disc examinations at least quarterly for at least 1 year and stereoscopic optic disc photographs at intervals of 6 to 12 months between 1992 and 2007. Methods: The period prevalence of disc haemorrhages, gender predominance among patients with disc haemorrhage, and cumulative incidence of normal tension glaucoma and primary open‐angle glaucoma were compared. Main Outcome Measures: Period prevalence, cumulative incidence, and gender predominance of DHs in patients with NTG and POAG. Results: Three hundred and eighty‐seven patients (387 eyes) of normal tension glaucoma patients and 205 patients (205 eyes) of primary open‐angle glaucoma patients were finally enrolled in the study. The period prevalence and incidence rates of the stereoscopic optic disc photograph‐confirmed glaucomatous disc haemorrhages were 33.3% (129/387), 0.46 ± 0.18 times/year in the normal tension glaucoma group, and 17.6% (36/205), 0.34 ± 0.23 times/year in the primary open‐angle glaucoma group, respectively. The absolute values and ratios of primary open‐angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma in period prevalences and incidence rates in the present study were higher than in previous studies. No significant difference in gender ratios was found between patients that did or did not develop disc haemorrhage for both types of open‐angle glaucoma (P > 0.05, respectively). Conclusions: The primary open‐angle glaucoma group had higher period prevalences and incidence rates of disc haemorrhage than those reported previously. Disc haemorrhages were found to develop independent of gender.     

单眼视野损伤程度对青光眼患者双眼视野的影响

目的：探讨单眼视野丢失严重程度对原发性闭角型青光眼、原发性开角型青光眼和正常眼压性青光眼患者双眼视野缺损的影响。

方法：根据双眼单眼视野缺损的阶段,将120例青光眼患者和30例健康参与者分为正常、早期、中度或重度四个阶段。通过整合视野和Esterman双眼视野评估确定双眼视野。在组内和组间比较单眼和双眼视野参数。

结果：对于一只眼睛处于正常或早期阶段而另一只眼睛处于严重阶段的患者,双眼综合视野平均偏差分别为-2.8±1.1、-5.5±1.9dB,以及Esterman的平均得分分别为99.1%±1.7%和95.6%±4.7%。当双眼发展为中度或重度损伤(中度/中度,中度/重度或重度/重度)时,双眼综合视野平均偏差低于-6dB,中度/中度和中度/严重损伤组Esterman的平均得分分别为94.2%±6.0%、94.3%±4.9%,但当双眼处于重度损伤阶段时,Esterman的平均得分迅速从大于90%下降到68.4%±26.3%。

结论：如果一只眼睛处于正常或早期阶段,双眼视野可以保持相对完整。当双眼进展到中度或重度阶段时,通过双眼综合视野平均偏差测量的双眼视野缺损是显著的,并且仅当双眼进入严重阶段时才检测到显著的Esterman双眼视野缺损。     

Relationship between parapapillary atrophy and visual field abnormality in primary open-angle glaucoma

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship of parapapillary atrophy measured by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy to visual field sensitivity measured with standard automated perimetry and short-wavelength automated perimetry in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: Forty-seven eyes of 47 primary open-angle glaucoma patients with increased intraocular pressure (> or = 22 mm Hg) were enrolled. Optic nerve head topography and parapapillary atrophy (beta and alpha zones) were assessed by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Mean deviation and corrected pattern SD were assessed with standard automated perimetry and short-wavelength automated perimetry. RESULTS: Beta and alpha zones were found in 23 (49%) and 47 (100%) eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma, respectively. The area of beta zone showed significant correlations with MD of standard automated perimetry, corrected pattern SD of standard automated perimetry, and corrected pattern SD of short-wavelength automated perimetry (Spearman r = -0.366, P = .012; r = 0.327, P = .025; and r = 0.436, P = .002, respectively). The area of alpha zone showed a significant correlation with mean deviation of standard automated perimetry (r = -0.378, P = .009). Mean MD of standard automated perimetry, mean corrected pattern SD of standard automated perimetry, and mean corrected pattern SD of short-wavelength automated perimetry were significantly worse in eyes with beta zone than in eyes without beta zone. CONCLUSIONS: Parapapillary atrophy measured by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, especially beta zone, is associated with glaucomatous visual field loss demonstrated by standard automated perimetry and short-wavelength automated perimetry.     

Progression of visual field loss in open angle glaucoma in the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project

PURPOSE: To quantify the progression of visual field loss in participants with open angle glaucoma. METHODS: Cluster random samples of 3271 participants participated in this study. Each participant underwent a standardized ophthalmic examination, which included intraocular pressure measurement, Humphrey 24-2 Fastpac visual field testing and stereophotography of the optic disc. At baseline 118 participants were identified as possible, probable or definite open angle glaucoma and 74 (62.7%) of these were seen again at the follow-up examination. Progression of visual field loss was defined using three methods: the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study criteria, the modified Anderson criteria and the Blumenthal method. RESULTS: In total, 49% of subjects showed progressive visual field loss with at least one method. The Blumenthal criteria yielded the highest rate of progression (37%), followed by the modified Anderson method (33%) and the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study method (16%). The progressive visual field loss was associated with baseline glaucoma status (P = 0.02); 65% of the definite glaucoma progressed, compared with 57% of the probable glaucoma and 25% of the possible glaucoma. Participants who had been previously diagnosed with glaucoma had a higher rate of progression (54%) when compared with those who had not been diagnosed previously (47%). In total, 50% (four of eight) of those receiving glaucoma medication at baseline had progressive visual field loss; all were in the definite glaucoma category. CONCLUSION: Despite use of glaucoma medications the majority of glaucoma patients managed by their regular ophthalmologist experienced progressive visual field loss over a 5-year period.     

多种视觉电生理联合视野检查对原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断的敏感性

目的 探讨多种视觉电生理联合全自动视野计检查对原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断的敏感性，为临床早期诊断提供客观敏感的指标。方法 选择10例(20眼)原发性开角型青光眼患者和正常对照者10例(20眼)分别进行闪光视网膜电图(F-ERG)、图形视网膜电图(P-ERG)、图形视诱发电位(P-VEP)检查；还对正常对照组、青光眼组中各5例10眼进行多焦视网膜电图(mERG)检查；青光眼组10例(20眼)和正常对照组8例(16眼)行蓝黄视野(B／Y)、标准视野(W／W)检查。结果 P-ERG的N95潜伏期延长较敏感；P-VEP的P100波振幅降低，潜伏期延长但与对照组无明显差异；mERG二阶反应振幅下降，并随离心度的增大而明显降低；B／Y视野检查的视野异常阳性率显著高于W／W视野。结论 B／Y视野检查联合多种视功能检查对原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断较敏感。在眼底杯／盘比未出现改变的早期诊断中，B／Y视野和PERG敏感性较高。     

多焦视诱发电位在原发性开角型青光眼诊断中的应用

目的通过检测正常人和原发性开角型青光眼（primary open angle glaucoma，POAG）患者的多焦视诱发电位（multlfocal visual evoked potential，mf—VEP）并与Octopus101视野检查等进行对比性研究，客观评价mf—VEP在POAG诊断中的应用价值。方法对32例（64眼）正常人和35例（67眼）POAG患者分别进行眼科常规检查、眼压测定、眼底照相、Octopus101视野和mf—VEP检查。将POAG患者的mf—VEP检查结果与正常人进行对比性研究，并与视野检查进行相关性分析。结果mf-VEP在正常人和POAG组间潜伏期和振幅存在明显差异，经统计学检验差异有显著性。POAG患者mf-VEP潜伏期和振幅值与视野平均光敏感度值具有显著相关性。POAG患者mf—VEP振幅降低区与视野缺损区具有对应性和一致性。结论mf—VEP能客观地反映POAG患者不同视野部位的视功能损害，为POAG患者的诊断和视功能监测提供了新的途径。     

原发性开角型青光眼患者视网膜神经纤维层厚度与视野缺损的相关性研究

目的　探讨原发性开角型青光眼（ｐｒｉｍａｒｙｏｐｅｎａｎｇｌｅｇｌａｕｃｏｍａ,ＰＯＡＧ）患者视网膜神经纤维层（ｒｅｔｉｎａｌｎｅｒｖｅｆｉｂｅｒｌａｙｅｒ,ＲＮＦＬ）厚度与视野缺损的相关性。方法　选取２０１３年４月至２０１４年５月我院收治的３０例（３０眼）ＰＯＡＧ患者作为观察组,另选取同期于我院体检的３０名健康者作为对照组,检测两组受试者的ＲＮＦＬ厚度及视野缺损情况。结果　观察组上方、下方、颞侧、鼻侧四个象限的ＲＮＦＬ厚度分别为（９２．５３±１０．７２）μｍ、（９１．４８±１１．４５）μｍ、（７４．６８±８．３３）μｍ、（７１．４５±９．１５）μｍ,对照组分别为（１４１．６７±１９．４５）μｍ、（１３７．６１±１８．４６）μｍ、（９４．５５±１１．６４）μｍ、（９０．４９±１０．４８）μｍ,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）;观察组上方、下方、颞侧、鼻侧四个象限的视野缺损值分别为（６．４９±０．８４）ｄＢ、（５．９１±０．６９）ｄＢ、（８．４２±０．９５）ｄＢ、（７．２９±０．９４）ｄＢ。相关性分析显示,观察组ＲＮＦＬ厚度与各相应视野内的视野缺损呈负相关,回归系数ｂ的差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论　ＰＯＡＧ患者存在ＲＮＦＬ损伤及视野缺损,且二者具有负相关性,能够准确判断病情。     

原发性闭角型青光眼视神经盘结构和视野的改变

原发性闭角型青光眼已成为不可逆性致盲的最常见病因之一。对原发性闭角型青光眼的研究,除了关注眼前节,特别是房角的情况外,也有必要对其视神经损害模式进行研究。本文通过文献回顾,总结了原发性闭角型青光眼特别是急性闭角型青光眼眼底形态和视功能的改变,希望能更好地了解早期原发性闭角型青光眼的疾病特征,为临床治疗和研究提供帮助。     

HRT视盘参数在原发性开角型青光眼早期诊断中的作用

目的:在众多海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪(heidelberg retina tomogragh,HRT)测定的视盘参数中,筛选出最有助于青光眼早期诊断的视盘参数。方法:用HRT测定23例视野损害较轻的青光眼患者和23例正常人的视盘参数(杯盘面积比、盘沿面积、盘沿容积、视杯容积、视杯形态测量、视杯高度变异轮廓和平均神经纤维层厚度)作逐步判别分析。结果:盘沿面积和杯盘面积比对青光眼早期诊断最有帮助,其诊断敏感度和特异度分别为87%和96%。结论:本组资料盘沿面积和杯盘面积比是区分青光眼和正常眼最好的判别因素。     

青光眼合并高度近視視野的改燮特徵

目的研究合并高度近视的青光眼和非高度近视的青光眼的视野改变有无差别。方法 利用Octopus 101全自动视野计对36例(51眼)合并高度近视的原发性开角型青光眼(primary open angle glaucoma,POAG)和16例(23眼)非高度近视的POAG进行静态中心阈值视野检查,并分析其视野缺损形式,视野缺损与生理盲点及固视点的关系和视野指数的改变。结果合并高度近视的POAG视野缺损形式与非高度近视的POAG视野缺损形式相似,差异无显著性(早期POAG,X~2=0.000138,P>0.05,中晚期POAG,X~2=1.1494,P>0.05)。合并高度近视的POAG视野缺损较多的与生理盲点相速或/和与固视点相近(或相连),但与非高度近视的POAG相比,差异无显著性(早期POAG,X~2=1.3892,P>0.05,中晚期POAG,X~2=2.6852,P>0.05)。随着近视度数的增加,MS值逐渐下降,MD和LV值逐渐升高。结论 合并高度近视的POAG视野缺损较多的与生理盲点和/或固视点相连或相近,近视度数越高,其视野损害越明显。     

DDLS视乳头损伤分期法与青光眼视野损害的相关性研究

目的:研究 DDLS(disk damage likelihood scale)视乳头损伤分期法与开角型青光眼视野损害的相关性,探讨开角型青光眼的早期诊断方法.方法:利用Discam早期青光眼诊断仪彩色视乳头立体成像系统在Screen Vu立体观察镜下确定31例(58眼)开角型青光眼及29例(58眼)可疑青光眼患者视乳头的DDLS分期.所选患者均为中等大小视乳头(2.0～3.0mm).利用 Humphrey 自动电脑视野分析仪30-2程序对上述患者进行视野检测,研究DDLS分期与视野指数平均缺损(MD,mean defect)、视野模式标准差(PSD,pattern standard deviation)及视野损害分期(HPASS,Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson staging system)的相关性.结果:对116眼中等大小视乳头(2.0～3.0mm)开角型青光眼及可疑青光眼患者研究发现,青光眼组DDLS分期与MD(Pearson,r=-0.664,P＜0.000)、PSD(Pearson.r=0.554.P＜0.000)及HPASS(Spearman,r=0.603,P＜0.000)有相关性,相关系数具有统计学意义.可疑青光眼组DDLS分期与MD、PSD及HPASS分期无明显相关性.结论:DDLS视乳头损伤分期法与开角型青光眼视野损害的程度相关,DDLS视乳头损伤分期法有助于开角型青光眼的早期诊断.     

Optic disc morphology in pigmentary glaucoma

AIM—To evaluate the morphology of the optic nerve head in eyes with pigmentary glaucoma.
METHODS—Colour stereo optic disc photographs of 62 patients with pigmentary glaucoma and 566 patients with primary open angle glaucoma were morphometrically evaluated. By prestudy selection, mean visual field defect and neuroretinal rim area were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.89 and p=0.45).
RESULTS—The pigmentary glaucoma group did not vary significantly (p >0.10) from the primary open angle glaucoma group in size and shape of the optic disc, configuration of neuroretinal rim, depth of optic cup, area of alpha zone of parapapillary atrophy, diameter of retinal vessels at the disc border, and frequency of disc haemorrhages and localised retinal nerve fibre layer defects. The beta zone of parapapillary atrophy was slightly, but not statistically significantly (p=0.06), smaller in the pigmentary glaucoma group. The mean maximal intraocular pressure and mean intraocular pressure amplitude were significantly (p<0.001) higher in the pigmentary glaucoma group.
CONCLUSIONS—In contrast with the characteristic morphology of the anterior segment and despite significantly higher intraocular pressure peaks and a larger pressure amplitude, eyes with pigmentary glaucoma compared with eyes with primary open angle glaucoma do not show a pathognomonic morphology of the optic disc and retinal nerve fibre layer. The slightly smaller beta zone of parapapillary atrophy may correspond to higher intraocular pressure in pigmentary glaucoma.

Keywords: optic disc morphology; pigmentary glaucoma; secondary open angle glaucoma     

原发性开角型青光眼视野损害进展相关因素的随访研究

目的：探究原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者视野损害进展的相关因素,为临床POAG患者更准确高效的随访提供思路。

方法：前瞻性病例系列研究。将POAG患者39例77眼纳入随访研究,详细询问病史后,进行眼内压(IOP)测量,视野检查及神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度测量,每3mo 1次,共连续随访7次。对患者的家族史、吸烟及饮酒史、年龄、性别、是否手术、IOP波动、基线视野缺损程度、随访期间RNFL厚度变化与视野损害进展进行相关性分析。

结果：随访期间RNFL厚度变化程度与视野损害进展呈正相关(P<0.05)。基线视野缺损程度与视野损害进展有关,中度基线视野缺损与视野损害进展相关性最大,轻度次之,重度最小。

结论：RNFL的厚度变化可能为POAG患者进展性随访提供有用信息; 轻度和重度视野缺损患者进展性的判断应结合视野外信息。     

Correlation of optic disc morphology and ocular perfusion parameters in patients with primary open angle glaucoma

Purpose: Little information is available about the relationship between glaucomatous visual field defects, morphological changes of the optic disc and ocular blood flow. In this study, ocular blood flow parameters were correlated with parameters of optic nerve head (ONH) morphology and visual field performance in a cross‐sectional study. Methods: A total of 103 patients with primary open angle glaucoma were included. Choroidal and ONH blood flow was assessed using laser Doppler flowmetry. Retinal blood velocities and retinal vessel diameters were measured with laser Doppler velocimetry and a Retinal Vessel Analyzer, respectively. To evaluate the ONH morphology, fundus photographs were taken and confocal laser scanning tomography was performed. Results: Among all measured ocular hemodynamic parameters, the ONH blood flow was most strongly correlated to structural parameters of ONH damage and visual field loss. Reduced retinal vessel diameters were only slightly correlated with the degree of glaucomatous damage. Conclusion: Reduced blood flow in the ONH was associated with increasing amount of visual field defect and morphological changes of the ONH. Retinal vessel diameters were only marginally associated with glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Based on retinal vessel diameter determination alone, it is not possible to assess whether reduced retinal blood flow is causative or secondary in glaucoma.     

正常眼压性青光眼患者视盘区血管密度与视野指数和视野损伤形态的关系

目的：研究正常眼压性青光眼(NTG)视盘区血管密度变化与青光眼视野指数(VFI)和视野损伤形态分期的关系。

方法：选取我院2018-12/2020-12 NTG患者106例106眼和原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者79例79眼进行横断面研究,其中双眼病变者采用随机数字表选取1眼为样本,同时选取我院健康体检者92名为对照组,三组均完成视盘血管密度、VFI检测和视野缺损形态分期,然后分析视盘血管密度与VFI和视野缺损形态分期的关系。

结果：POAG组眼压明显高于NTG组和对照组(P<0.05); NTG组和POAG组视盘区全区域血管密度、大血管密度和毛细血管密度均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),无血管区密度均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),且NTG组和POAG组各项指标比较有差异(P<0.05); NTG组和POAG组VFI均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),视野平均缺损(MD)明显高于对照组(P<0.05),且NTG组和POAG组VFI和MD比较无差异(P>0.05); 随着视野缺损形态分期增加,NTG患者视盘全区域血管密度和毛细血管密度呈明显降低趋势(P<0.05); NTG患者视盘全区域血管密度和毛细血管密度与VFI呈正相关性,与视野缺损形态分期呈负相关性,无血管区密度与VFI呈负相关性,与视野缺损形态分期呈正相关性(均P<0.05)。

结论：NTG患者视盘血管密度较POAG患者和正常人群明显降低,且与VFI和视野缺损形态分期存在明显相关性,其中以毛细血管密度相关程度最高,可见OCTA对NTG诊断、治疗和随访均具有重要临床意义。     

开角型青光眼图形视诱发电位与定量静态视野联合检测研究

目的 观察原发性开角型青光眼眼压、视野与Ｐ－ＶＥＰ Ｐ１００波潜时之间的关系。通过改变空间频率（１２０′、６０′、３０′）选择青光眼电生理学诊断最佳刺激参数。方法 对２４例（３０只眼）原发性性开角型青光眼进行眼压、定时静态视野及Ｐ－ＶＥＰ检测。分析眼压、定时静态视野Ｐ－ＶＥＰ Ｐ１００波潜时关系。检测结果进行统计学分析。结果 眼压、定时静态视野缺损程序与Ｐ－ＶＥＰ Ｐ１００波潜时变化呈正相关。高空     

mGCC对原发性青光眼的诊断价值及其与pRNFL和视野的相关性

目的：分析黄斑区节细胞复合体(macular ganglion cell complex,mGCC)对原发性青光眼的诊断价值,探讨mGCC与视乳头周围视网膜神经纤维层(peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer,pRNFL)及视野的相关性,以期为原发性青光眼的诊治提供科学参考依据。

方法：选取2015-01/2016-12在我院接受诊治的原发性青光眼患者67例80眼为观察组,另纳入同期我院健康体检者40例80眼为对照组。采用光学断层扫描仪(OCT)测量并比较两组受检者mGCC、pRNFL厚度,分析mGCC对原发性青光眼的诊断价值,探讨mGCC与pRNFL及视野平均缺损(MD)的相关性。

结果：观察组患者上方、下方及平均mGCC厚度显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者上方、下方及平均pRNFL厚度均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者MD 显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,观察组患者mGCC与pRNFL呈显著正相关关系(r=0.58,P<0.01),与MD呈显著负相关关系(r=-0.69,P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析显示,以86.39μm为截点值,mGCC诊断原发性青光眼的敏感性为82.5%,特异性为76.25%。

结论：mGCC对原发性青光眼具有一定的诊断价值,且与pRNFL呈正相关关系,与MD呈负相关关系。     

原发性慢性闭角型青光眼HRT-Ⅱ视盘参数和视野缺损的关系

目的探讨原发性慢性闭角型青光眼视盘参数和视野缺损之间的关系。方法用海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪和Humphrey自动视野计测定30例(44眼)原发性慢性闭角型青光眼患者的视盘参数(视盘面积、视杯面积、盘沿面积、视杯容积、盘沿容积、杯/盘面积、平均杯深、最大杯深、视杯形态测量、平均神经纤维层厚度、平均神经纤维层面积)和视野平均缺损。视盘参数与视野平均缺损作相关分析和多元线性回归分析。结果盘沿面积、视杯容积、杯/盘面积、视杯形态测量、平均神经纤维层厚度与视野平均缺损呈直线相关,并建立回归方程,Y=-13.012 5.064X1(Y表示平均缺损,X1表示盘沿面积),本研究没有发现其他参数与平均缺损相关关系的显著性。结论盘沿面积、视杯容积、杯/盘面积、视杯形态测量、平均神经纤维层厚度在海德堡视网膜断层扫描仪众多参数中最能反映青光眼的视野平均缺损程度。盘沿面积、视杯容积、杯/盘面积、视杯形态测量、平均神经纤维层厚度可用于慢性闭角型青光眼视神经损害监测。