初发胃癌分化程度与患者空腹血脂水平的相关性

目的研究初发胃癌患者分化程度与空腹血脂水平的相关性。方法分析经病理初次诊断为胃癌的患者126例,分为三组,其中高分化组38例,中分化组42例,低分化组46例,同时选取健康体检者40例作为对照组,观察两者空腹总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平变化规律,分析其与胃癌分化程度的相关性。结果与对照组比较,胃癌组患者TC、TG、HDLC、LDL-C明显下降(P<0.05),且下降变化趋势与胃癌分化程度呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论空腹血TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C的降低可能是胃癌早期代谢性改变,初发胃癌患者的空腹血脂水平降低越明显,低分化胃癌的可能性越大。     

幽门螺杆菌感染后p16基因甲基化与胃癌分化程度的相关性

幽门螺杆菌 (Ｈｐ)感染是胃癌 (ＧＣ)发生的环境因素之一 ,我们通过对Ｈｐ感染后不同分化程度的ＧＣ进行 ｐ16基因甲基化检测 ,探讨Ｈｐ感染后 ｐ16基因甲基化变化与ＧＣ分化程度的相关性。一、材料与方法1.材料 :6 7例ＧＣ为本院手术标本 (均为非贲门部胃癌 ) ,病理确诊。手术切除后 ,立即取 1块ＧＣ组织 ,置 - 70℃低温冰箱保存。Ｈｐ感染由快速尿素酶法和组织学Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色确定 ,判断标准 :2项均为阳性即为Ｈｐ阳性 ,2项均为阴性即为Ｈｐ阴性 ,一阳一阴者剔除。主要试剂 :ＨｐａⅡ、ＭｓｐⅠ、ＳａｃⅡ甲基化敏感性限制性内切酶、Ｔ…     

胃癌患者血清细胞因子水平变化及与肿瘤分化程度的关系

目的探讨胃癌患者机体细胞免疫状态变化,为肿瘤免疫治疗提供依据。方法研究对象为山东大学附属省立医院2001年5月-2009年1月住院手术的胃癌患者78例（胃癌组）及同期健康体检者80例（对照组）,两组均抽取空腹外周静脉血3ml（胃癌组术前）,分离血清,-20℃冻存。采用ELISA法检测血清细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ,IL4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-12水平。结果与对照组比较,胃癌组血清IL-2、IFN-γ及IL-12均显著降低,IL-4、IL-6和IL-10均显著升高（P〈0．05、0．001）;胃癌分化程度越低IL-2、IFN-γIL-γ2降低幅度及IL-4、IL-6、IL-10升高幅度越明显。结论胃癌患者处于Th2型细胞占优势的Th1／Th2细胞漂移状态,并与肿瘤分化程度相关;纠正Th1／Th2细胞漂移、诱导Th0细胞向Th1细胞增殖分化,有望促进机体免疫功能恢复、激活抗肿瘤免疫应答,进而提高肿瘤综合治疗效果。     

不同分化程度胃癌与内镜下自发荧光光谱的关系

目的 :研究体内不同分化程度胃癌的自发荧光光谱表现特征,初步探索提高自发荧光光谱诊断准确性的方法。方法:纳入2010年1月至12月我院88例患者,均接受了普通胃镜检查和激光诱发自发荧光光谱检测,其中内镜病理诊断为胃癌者73例,慢性胃炎者15例。在400~700 nm间每隔50 nm测定1个荧光样本。病灶和邻近组织正常黏膜分别取活组织检查(活检),病理提示胃癌的患者进行外科手术治疗。胃癌患者根据分化程度分组,比较不同病理类型胃癌的自发荧光值差异。结果:73例胃癌患者根据胃癌分化程度分成3组,高分化胃癌组(H组)32例,中分化胃癌组(M组)16例,低分化胃癌组(L组)25例。15例慢性胃炎患者均为慢性萎缩性胃炎,为良性胃炎组。在450~550 nm波段,荧光强度与胃癌分化程度呈正相关(r450 nm=0.653,P<0.01),H组和M组分别与良性胃炎组比较,其荧光强度均存在显著差异(均P     

胃癌中DNA聚合酶β的突变及与胃癌分化程度的关系

肿瘤的发生是多个基因突变积累的结果。这些突变包括参与DNA复制和修复以及维持基因稳定性和完整性的基因，其中DNA聚合酶β（polβ）和肿瘤的关系受到越来越多的关注。polβ是一种修复酶，其突变的存在与一些肿瘤的发生有关。胃癌病因起源复杂，推测在其发生发展过程中一定伴有DNA损伤修复，然而有关胃癌中有无polβ突变国内尚少见报道。本研究对胃癌及癌旁组织标本进行ploβ突变检测。     

原发性肝细胞癌细胞凋亡、增殖与肿瘤分化程度的关系

为探讨原发性肝细胞癌（HCC）中细胞增殖和凋亡与肿瘤分化程度的关系，采用免疫组化法对50例HCC患者（HBsAg均阳性）癌细胞增殖细胞核抗原Ki-67的表达进行了定位和半定量分析，并用Tunel法对细胞凋亡进行检测。结果显示，Ki-67以棕黄色颗粒状位于细胞核膜中，胞膜和胞质中阴性。认为HCC细胞中Ki-67和凋亡表达与HCC的分化程度有关；HCC细胞中增殖／凋亡失调是导致HCC发展的重要原因，诱导HCC中细胞亡或抑制其增殖，可望提高临床治疗效果。     

320排CT一站式灌注成像在评估进展期胃癌术前分化程度中的价值

目的通过不同测量方法探讨不同分化程度的胃癌的灌注参数特点及差异。 方法搜集2014年9月至2016年2月在郑州大学第一附属医院胃镜证实为胃癌经同意后均在东芝320排CT行灌注扫描,后经手术治疗和病理证实的80例胃癌患者,对80例病变按照强化程度进行分层,分为两层,将强化明显的一层定义为第一层,其下面一层定为第二层,分别测量两层及全层的最大面积的灌注值AF、BF、BV、CL,统计学方法分别分析不同分化程度第一层、第二层及全层各灌注值得差异及各分化程度第一层与第二层的灌注值的差异。 结果低分化腺癌46例,第一层的动脉血流量(arterial flow,AF)、血流量(blood flow,BF)、清除率(clearance,CL)值均高于第二层,差异具有统计学意义(P值分别为0.000、0.024、0.010),血容量(blood volume,BV)值无明显差异(P＝0.204);中高分化腺癌34例,AF、BV、BF值均高于第二层,且差异具有统计学意义(P值分别为0.001、0.001、0.000),两层CL值无差异(P＝0.145);中高、低分化腺癌组间的第一层、第二层及病变全层的灌注值均无差异(P均>0.05)。 结论不同分化程度的胃癌组织中血管分布具有一定的差异,即具有不一致的灌注参数。     

生长分化因子-15表达水平与心肌梗死致心力衰竭程度的相关性

目的探讨心肌梗死致心力衰竭程度与生长分化因子(GDF)-15表达水平的相关性。方法 50例心肌梗死致心力衰竭患者为研究组,同期选取入院体检的50例健康者为对照组。检测两组静脉血、血清中GDF-15表达水平,分析患者心力衰竭程度与GDF-15表达水平的相关性。结果研究组血清中GDF-15表达水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组血清中GDF-15表达水平伴随心力衰竭程度的严重而上升(P<0.05)。研究组心功能Ⅰ级8例(16.0%),心力衰竭Ⅰ度21例(42.0%),Ⅱ度15例(30.0%),Ⅲ度6例(12.0%)。Spearman相关分析发现,心肌梗死患者血浆GDF-15表达水平与心肌梗死致心力衰竭程度呈正相关性(r=0.027,P<0.05),急性患者的心力衰竭程度越严重,其血浆GDF-15的表达水平越高。结论在心肌梗死致心衰患者的临床诊断中,检测血清中GDF-15表达水平对判断心衰程度具有重要价值。     

胃癌神经内分泌分化的免疫组化及超微结构观察

目的观察胃癌神经内分泌（NE）分化的CgA、Syn、NSE免疫组化表达及超微结构形态。方法对168例手术切除石蜡包埋胃癌标本进行CgA、Syn、NSE免疫组化标记,阳性病例分别进行电镜检查。对CgA、Syn、NSE免疫组化在胃癌神经内分泌分化中的诊断价值进行了讨论。结果80例NE标记阳性标本中,电镜下发现NE颗粒39例,检出率为48.8%。Syn^＋组灵敏度最高,为66.7%;最低的是Syn、CgA、NSE均阳性组,为15.4%。在所有的标记中特异度最高为Syn、CgA、NSE均阳性组,其特异度为97.6%。NSE^＋组的特异度最低,为24.4%。约登指数排在最前的为CgA^＋组（0.495）,最后的为NSE^＋组（-0.271）。结论电镜下发现NE颗粒可确定胃癌神经内分泌分化的诊断,免疫组化CgA、Syn阳性可协助诊断。     

金思维对Aβ42所致AD模型大鼠海马CA1区GAP-43表达的影响

目的 观察金思维对β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)所致阿尔茨海默病(AD)模型大鼠海马CA1区GAP-43异常表达的影响.方法 应用凝聚态Aβ1-42在大鼠海马内注射以建立动物模型.造模3 d后采用Morris水迷宫法筛选学习记忆积分异常者,纳入药物实验.给药4周后,取脑冷冻切片,采用免疫组化法和计算机图像分析技术测定海马CA1区GAP-43阳性神经元数目,采用Image-Proplus显微图像分析系统测定海马CA1区GAP-43阳性细胞的免疫反应产物的光密度(OD)值.结果 给药4周后,金思维组海马CA1区GAP-43阳性细胞数升至77.06个±14.66个,不仅显著高于模型组的52.33个±28.45个(P＜0.01),而且与多奈哌齐组(51.26个±22.44个)相比亦有统计学意义(P＜0.01).但金思维组海马CA1区GAP-43阳性细胞OD值(75.44±5.29)与多奈哌齐组(73.09±5.18)相比无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 金思维可使Aβ所致AD模型大鼠海马CA1区GAP-43的表达量增加,为金思维提取物促神经生长提供了新的证据.     

Effects of nerve growth factor on expression of GAP-43 in right atria after sympathectomy in diabetic rats

SUMMARY
Aim   The present study investigated the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the regeneration of noradrenergic nerves of right atria (following 6-hydroxydopamine; 6-OHDA, 100 mg/kg, i.p.) from non-diabetic and 8-week diabetic rats.
Results   In cryostat sections of the right atria, GAP-43 immunoreactivity was concentrated in nerve terminals, preterminal axons of the endocardium, epicardium and myocardium, as well as in nerve fibres innervating the blood vessels and ganglionic cells. In serial sections, all positive staining for GAP-43 showed immunoreactivity for the neuronal marker PGP-9.5. In untreated non-diabetic rats, the total GAP-43 immunoreactivity was reduced to 60% relative to pretreatment levels, at day 14 after 6-OHDA, as quantified by Western blotting. In diabetic rats, 6-OHDA treatment produced a marked increase in the levels of total GAP-43 at days 28 and 49. NGF treatment (1 mg/kg, s.c., 3 times/week, for 2 weeks) had no effect on the level of total GAP-43 in right atria from non-diabetic and diabetic rats before treatment with 6-OHDA. However, it normalized the reduced GAP-43 immunoreactivity observed in 6-OHDA-treated non-diabetic rats. Interestingly, NGF treatment alone produced an increase in GAP-43 phosphorylation relative to total GAP-43 in right atria from both non-diabetic (44%) and diabetic groups (42%).
Conclusions   These findings suggest that nerve terminals of the right atria retain, in the mature adult, the capacity for structural and functional plasticity. The expression of GAP-43 in right atria of control and diabetic rats was differentially affected by 6-OHDA treatment. In injured noradrenergic neurones of the right atria, NGF modified the expression of GAP-43 only in non-diabetic rats and not in diabetic rats.     

肌苷对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后生长相关蛋白基因表达和神经功能恢复的影响

目的:探讨肌苷对脑缺血再灌注后中枢神经再生的作用。方法:应用线栓法建立大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)缺血再灌注模型,腹腔注射肌苷治疗,采用Bederson等神经功能评分法评定神经功能的恢复,原位杂交技术检测脑缺血再灌注后2h、12h、1d、2d、3d、7d、14d脑组织GAP-43 mRNA的表达。结果:对照组缺血侧GAP-43 mRNA表达皮质区除1 d和14 d外、纹状体区除2 h和14 d外各时间点均明显高于假手术组(P<0.05)。肌苷治疗组较对照组GAP-43 mRNA表达在皮质区于再灌注2 h-过性下降,12 h升高;在纹状体区12 h升高,7 d再次升高;神经功能恢复于再灌注7-14 d有显著改善(P<0.05)。结论:肌苷可促进大鼠脑缺血再灌注后神经功能恢复,其作用机制可能是通过调节与神经轴突再生有关的GAP-43 mRNA表达而实现的。     

人胃癌细胞系环氧合酶的表达、分布及其意义

目的 检测环氧合酶（ｃｙｃｌｏｘｙｇｅｎａｓｅ,ＣＯＸ）在人胃癌细胞系的表达并了解其异构酶的亚细胞定位。方法 应用免疫细胞化学及ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法研究ＣＯＸ在人胃癌细胞系的表达,用免疫荧光双标记结合激光共聚焦显微镜技术（ＬＳＣＭ）显示ＣＯＸ在细胞内的分布。结果 在蛋白质水平胃癌细胞ＭＫＮ４５、ＳＧＣ７９０１及ＡＧＳ表达ＣＯＸ－２和ＣＯＸ－１,而ＭＧＣ８０３不表达ＣＯＸ－２,ＣＯＸ－１为弱阳性。在蛋白质和ｍＲＮＡ水平上ＣＯＸ－２的表达均明显高于ＣＯＸ－１,用ＬＳＣＭ进一步对荧光强度进行扫描定量证实。ＣＯＸ－２表达强于ＣＯＸ－１,ＣＯＸ－２的象素密度高峰值为５０～７０,ＣＯＸ－１为１０;同时发现ＣＯＸ－１仅表达于胞浆,而ＣＯＸ－２表达于胞浆和胞核。结论 胃癌细胞存在ＣＯＸ－２和ＣＯＸ－１的表达,且ＣＯＸ－２的表达水平     

ANGPTL2 expression in gastric cancer tissues and cells and its biological behavior

AIM To explore expression of angiopoietin-like protein 2(ANGpT L2) and its effect on biological behavior such as proliferation and invasiveness in gastric cancer. METHODS Western blotting was used to detect expression of ANGp TL2 in 60 human normal gastric tissues, 60 human gastric cancer tissues and gastric cell lines including GES-1, N87, SGC7901, BGC823 and pA MC82. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) and Transwell assay were used to detect the proliferation and invasive ability of gastric cancer cells. RESULTS Compared to normal tissues, ANGp TL2 protein levels were significantly upregulated in gastric tissues, and this level was closely correlated with gastric tumor grade, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. Compared to GES-1 cells, ANGpT L2 mR NA and protein levels were significantly increased in gastric cancer cells including N87, SGC7901, BGC823 and p AMC82. The expression of ANGpT L2 in highly malignant gastric cancer cell lines BGC823 and pA MC82 was significantly higher than in low malignancy gastric cancer cell lines N87 and SGC7901. MTT and Transwell experiments indicated that the proliferation rate and invasive ability of stable overexpressed gastric cancer cells was faster than in cells transfected with Lv-NC and blank controlcells, and the invasive ability of stable overexpressed gastric cancer cells was higher than that of cells transfected with Lv-NC and blank control cells.CONCLUSION ANGp TL2 contributed to proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells. In clinical treatment, ANGpT L2 may become a new target for treatment of gastric cancer.     

马来酸桂哌齐特对大脑中动脉缺血再灌注小鼠的脑保护作用及神经生长相关蛋白43早期表达的影响

目的 探讨马来酸桂哌齐特(CM)对大脑中动脉缺血再灌注(tMCAO)小鼠的脑保护作用及脑组织中神经生长相关蛋白43(GAP-43)的影响.方法 32只ICR小鼠随机分为正常组、假手术组、缺血2小时再灌注模型组(tMCAO)和马来酸桂哌齐特组(CM).应用线栓法制备大脑中tMCAO模型,腹腔注射CM建立CM组,48小时后观察不同组间小鼠行为学的差异,利用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法检测小鼠脑组织的病理变化并计算梗死体积,利用尼氏染色法检测尼氏小体的变化,利用免疫荧光染色法检测Caspase-3和GAP-43的表达.结果 正常组及假手术组小鼠无异常行为变化,tMCAO组出现明显神经损伤性异常行为;与正常组及假手术组相比,tMCAO组脑组织出现严重病理变化,脑梗死体积增大,尼氏小体减少,Caspase-3和GAP-43的表达水平明显增高.CM组与tMCAO组比较,神经功能缺损程度明显减轻(P＜0.05),梗死体积减小(P＜0.01),尼氏小体多,Caspase-3和GAP-43的表达水平下降.结论 CM对tMCAO小鼠的脑损伤有一定的保护效果,GAP-43可能在缺血再灌注损伤早期以及CM药理作用中发挥与损伤应答相关的重要作用.     

Protease activities in gastric and colon cancer tissues

Activities of cathepsin B, cathepsin L, and plasminogen activators (urinary type plasminogen activator and tissue type plasminogen activator) were assayed in homogenates of cancer tissue, normal tissue closely surrounding the cancer tissue, and normal tissue distant from the cancer tissue from 30 patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancers and 10 patients undergoing surgery for colon cancers. Activities of those proteases were also assayed in homogenates of adenoma tissue from 10 patients undergoing polypectomy for colon polyps. In the gastric cancer tissue homogenates, the activities of cathepsin B, cathepsin L and tissue type plasminogen activator were significantly higher than in normal tissues. By contrast, the activities of urinary type plasminogen activator of gastric cancer tissues were significantly lower than normal tissues. In the colon cancer tissue homogenates, the activities of cathepsin, B, cathepsin L, and urinary type plasminogen activator were significantly higher than in normal tissues. On the other hand, the activities of tissue type plasminogen activator of cancer tissues were significantly lower than normal tissues. But there were no significant differences in the activities of plasminogen activators between the cancer tissues and adenoma tissues. These results suggest that cathepsin B and cathepsin L play an important role in gastric and colon cancer proliferation and evolution, although the roles of plasminogen activators in gastric and colon cancer proliferation and evolution and in the colon adenoma-carcinoma sequence are still unknown.     

Regeneration of the hepatic nerves following surgical denervation of the liver in dogs

ABSTRACT— This study was conducted to examine the regeneration process of hepatic nerves following surgical hepatic denervation in dogs. A denervation model was surgically created by removing all visible nerves around the hepatoduodenal ligament along with the peri-hepatic tissues. The hepatic nerves were examined on the hepatic specimens taken at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months post-denervation by means of immuno-histochemical staining, and also electron microscopy. At 1 week post-denervation, the extrinsic hepatic nerves were observed not to have regenerated. However, at 1 month post-denervation, GAP-43-positive nerves were identified and regenerating axons were shown to be present on electron microscopic observation. The immunoreactivity for anti-GAP-43 antibody was not shown any longer at 3 months post-denervation, and the regenerated nerve axons were shown to be similar to those at pre-denervation on ultrastructural study. Results of the present study suggested that regeneration of the extrinsic hepatic nerves began to appear about 1 month after the hepatic denervation, and was completed by 3 months post-denervation.     

高碘对新生鼠大脑神经生长相关蛋白表达的影响

目的 研究新生鼠大脑内神经生长相关蛋白的分布及高碘对黄表达的影响。和碘化油诱导建立高碘大鼠动物模型;采用甲状腺激素定量测定、免疫细胞化学方法结合图像分析研究了高碘及正常新生鼠大脑内神经生长相关蛋白表达的差异。结果 ①高碘可引起血清甲状腺激素（Ｔ３↓,Ｔ３／Ｔ４↑）;②高碘及正常新生鼠顶叶皮质及海巴结构内生长相关蛋白的分布趋势相似,表现为顶叶皮质分子层染色深,海马结构表现为腔隙层、放射层及始层梯度染