微创内固定治疗不稳定骨盆后环骨折

目的 探讨经皮重建钢板和经皮骶髂螺钉两种内固定方法治疗不稳定骨盆后环骨折的临床疗效.方法 自2002年1月～2008年10月,对不稳定骨盆后环骨折70例分别采用经皮重建钢板内固定36例,经皮骶髂螺钉内固定34例.记录患者的手术时间、X线暴露次数、术中出血量、切口长度、术后Majeed功能评价、术后并发症等相关数据,进行...     

不稳定骨盆骨折内固定治疗的围手术期处理

目的介绍不稳定性骨盆骨折内固定治疗的围手术期处理方法。方法54例不稳定性骨盆骨折患者均采用该法进行围手术处理,其中行前路内固定32例,后路内固定22例,骨折类型：C1型35例,C2型8型,C3型11例。结果本组54例随访时间6个月～3年,平均17个月。45例骨盆骨折3个月达骨性愈合,9例4个月达骨性愈合。无感染、血管神经损伤等并发症。术中出血量400～1800ml,平均750ml。手术时间60～150min,平均95min。结论良好的围手术期处理,可以提高疗效,明显减少不稳定性骨盆骨折内固定术中出血、复位困难和术后感染发生率,减少患者的伤残率。     

后环内固定加前环外固定治疗不稳定性骨盆骨折

目的探讨骨盆后环内固定术加前环外固定支架固定术治疗不稳定性骨盆骨折的疗效。方法 2005年1月至2008年7月共治疗不稳定性骨盆骨折17例,男14例,女3例,年龄16~57岁,平均34岁。腹股沟处骨折端外露1例,合并盆腔脏器损伤5例,股动脉损伤后血栓1例,腰骶神经损伤5例,下肢骨折4例,胸部外伤1例。均行快速复苏,12例同时行骨盆骨折外固定支架外固定术,复苏后行后环切开复位内固定术、继续前环外固定支架固定治疗;5例复苏后行后环切开复位内固定术、同时行前环外固定支架固定治疗。结果随访6~48个月,平均20.6个月,按照Co le等骨盆骨折效果评分表进行功能评价,17例中功能恢复优12例,良3例,可2例,差0例,优良率88.2%。无死亡病例,无切口感染,有2个钉道感染,无医源性损伤,腰骶神经损伤完全恢复3例,部分恢复2例。结论采取后环内固定术加前环外固定支架固定术治疗骨盆不稳定性骨折,可以获得稳定固定,疗效可靠,且手术操作简单、安全,创伤小、并发症少。     

Outcome in Pelvic Ring Fractures

Pelvic ring fractures represent a negative prognostic factor for what concerns morbidity and mortality of a polytraumatized patient. The subjective and functional prognosis of a pelvic ring fracture is dependent upon its degree of instability. Associated severe peripelvic soft tissue injuries and neurovascular lesions (complex pelvic trauma) affect outcome negatively. Although high rates of anatomic reduction and stable fixation have been achieved in recent years, only 60% of patients have an excellent or good clinical result. Sequelae of neurologic lesions and genitorurinary injuries are typically associated with considerable rates of persistent functional impairment. Chronic pain and disability are often very difficult to treat. Health-related quality of life and life satisfaction after pelvic ring fractures caused by high-energy trauma is substantially lower when compared to a reference population.     

Evolution of a Multidisciplinary Clinical Pathway for the Management of Unstable Patients With Pelvic Fractures

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the evolution of the authors' clinical pathway for the treatment of hemodynamically compromised patients with pelvic fractures was associated with improved patient outcome. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Hemodynamically compromised patients with pelvic fractures present a complex challenge. The multidisciplinary trauma team must control hemorrhage, restore hemodynamics, and rapidly identify and treat associated life-threatening injuries. The authors developed a clinical pathway consisting of five primary elements: immediate trauma attending surgeon's presence in the emergency department, early simultaneous transfusion of blood and coagulation factors, prompt diagnosis and management of associated life-threatening injuries, stabilization of the pelvic girdle, and timely insinuation of pelvic angiography and embolization. The addition of two orthopedic pelvic fracture specialists led to a revision of the pathway, emphasizing immediate emergency department presence of the orthopedic trauma attending to provide joint decision making with the trauma surgeon, closing the pelvic volume in the emergency department, and using alternatives to traditional external fixation devices. METHODS: Using trauma registry and blood bank records, the authors identified pelvic fracture patients receiving blood transfusions in the emergency department. They analyzed patients treated before versus after the May 1998 revision of the clinical pathway. RESULTS: A higher proportion of patients in the late period had blood pressure less than 90 mmHg (52% vs. 35%). In the late period, diagnostic peritoneal lavage was phased out in favor of torso ultrasound as a primary triage tool, and pelvic binding and C-clamp application largely replaced traditional external fixation devices. The overall death rate decreased from 31% in the early period to 15% in the later period, as did the rate of deaths from exsanguination (9% to 1%), multiple organ failure (12% to 1%), and death within 24 hours (16% to 5%). CONCLUSIONS: The evolution of a multidisciplinary clinical pathway, coordinating the resources of a level 1 trauma center and directed by joint decision making between trauma surgeons and orthopedic traumatologists, has resulted in improved patient survival. The primary benefits appear to be in reducing early deaths from exsanguination and late deaths from multiple organ failure.     

C型骨盆骨折的手术内固定治疗

目的　探讨开放复位内固定治疗严重不稳定骨盆骨折的疗效。方法　对 2 8例严重不稳定骨盆骨折病人采用切开复位重建钢板内固定和C型臂X线机或CT引导下经皮拉力螺钉内固定和TSRH系统固定。结果　 2例浅表感染 ,1例神经损伤 ,随访 3～ 36个月 ,无骨折不愈合 ,复位按照Matta标准 :优 2 3例 ,良 3例 ,可 2例。优良率 92 86 %。结论　对严重不稳定骨盆骨折病人采用切开复位重建钢板内固定和C型臂X线机或CT引导下经皮拉力螺钉内固定是较好的选择 ,可以使病人早期康复。     

不稳定骨盆骨折并存移位髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的　探讨不稳定骨盆骨折并存移位髋臼骨折手术治疗的效果。方法　本组 2 1例采用联合Tile -Letournel分类法确定并行手术治疗。结果　平均随访 2年 ,骨盆骨折均获复位。累及髋臼负重顶的骨折 17例 ,15例复位满意 ,疗效优良。结论　手术可有效复位固定骨折 ,矫正畸形 ,重建骨盆环的稳定性、恢复髋臼关节面的平整和正常的头臼关系     

垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的手术治疗(附84例报告)

目的　探讨垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折分型与切开复位内固定的关系 ,为临床内固定的选择提供依据 ,提高垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的治愈率。方法　 8年来切开复位内固定治疗 84例垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折。其中 :Ⅰ型 13例、Ⅱ型 2 5例、Ⅲ型 5例、Ⅳ型 13例、Ⅴ型 2 0例、Ⅱ并Ⅳ型 8例。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型前入路T形钢板或骨盆重建钢板固定 ,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ型和Ⅱ加Ⅳ型选择后入路π棒、骶骨棒或松质骨空心拉力螺丝钉固定。 18例前环骨折予耻骨上支髓内空心拉力螺丝钉或骨盆重建钢板固定。结果　平均随访 18个月。皆骨性愈合 ,无下肢不等长 ,骨盆畸形基本纠正。治愈率达 92 9%。结论　只有根据骨折分型和患者的具体情况 ,选择适当的手术入路和内固定器械 ,垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的治疗方能取得满意效果。对前骨盆骨折尽可能手术固定。     

Pelvic Ring Fractures: Utility of Clinical Examination in Patients with Impaired Consciousness or Tracheal Intubation

Abstract Objective: To define the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination in patients with impaired consciousness or endotracheal intubation to detect pelvic ring fractures and to identify those with severe bleeding. Methods: Included in this prospective data collection with retrolective data analysis were a consecutive series of blunt trauma victims with either a Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 13 or tracheal intubation. Clinical examination comprised testing for stability of the iliac wings. Results: From 784 subjects (injury severity score 23.3 ± 17.4) 93 patients (11.9%) were found to have a pelvic ring fracture. Clinical instability of the pelvic ring was found in 42 patients. There was only one false positive. Fifty-two fractures could not be identified by clinical examination, including nine fractures (17%) that required surgical fracture stabilization (sensitivity of clinical examination 44.1%). Seventeen fractures (18.3%) were associated with a blood loss larger than 20% of circulating blood volume. Sixteen of those were identified by clinical instability of the pelvic ring (sensitivity 94.1%, specificity 97.0%, positive predictive value 38.1%, negative predictive value 99.9%). Conclusions: Clinical examination for stability of the pelvis in this selected group of patients missed a significant number of pelvic ring fractures including fractures that require surgical stabilization. The finding of a clinically unstable identifies most of the patients with the pelvic ring fracture being a major source of bleeding. A stable pelvis makes pelvic ring fracture as being the source of bleeding quite unlikely.     

Supraacetabular External Fixation for Pelvic Ring Fractures

Abstract Objective: Closed reduction and maintenance of pelvic ring injuries by external stabilization. Indications: Emergency management of unstable type B and type C pelvic ring fractures. Definitive treatment of type B injuries. Definitive treatment of the anterior pelvic ring in type C injuries with transpubic instability after posterior internal stabilization. Adjunct stabilization of internal fixation. Stabilization of pelvic ring fractures in children. Contraindications: Poor general condition. Local soft-tissue damage. Local infection. Surgical Technique: Bilateral percutaneous insertion of Schanz screws into the supraacetabular area of iliac bone. Closed reduction and stabilization of the pelvic ring by compression and application of a connecting rod under image intensification. Postoperative Management: Depending on the patient’s condition and the degree of pelvic instability, a change to an open procedure may become necessary. Mobilization of the patient with partial weight bearing (one fifth of body weight) on the side of the injured posterior pelvic ring using forearm crutches, irrespective of the degree of stability of the pelvis. Results: Retrospective analysis of 64 supraacetabular external fixator applications to stabilize the anterior pelvic ring in 20 type B and 44 type C injuries. Iatrogenic lesions of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve: 4.5%; all sensory disturbances completely reversed within 1 year. No pin site infection. In two patients (3%) primary perforation of the Schanz screw into the small pelvis not necessitating any treatment. No secondary displacements of the anterior or posterior pelvic ring in type B injuries nor for type C injuries, sacral fractures associated with fractures of the pubic ramus. One pseudarthrosis of the pubic and ischial rami requiring surgical treatment. The following is a reprint from Operat Orthop Traumatol 2005;17:296–312 and continues the new series of articles at providing continuing education on operative techniques to the European trauma community. Reprint from: Operat Orthop Traumatol 2005;17:296–312 DOI 10.1007/s00064-005-1134-2     

骶骨骨折与骨盆骨折

目的：探讨骶骨骨折与骨盆骨折的关系及其治疗。方法：对29例骶骨骨折合并骨盆损伤病例作回顾性分析。25例行保守治疗，4例行手术治疗。结果：除1例死于多器官衰竭外，其余28例骨折均愈合，其中有3例为骨盆骨折畸形愈合。随访6个月－21年，28例中有24例神经功能已恢复正常，另5例功能明显改善。结论；骶骨骨折常合并骨盆损伤，对于骨盆骨折尤其是高能量损伤所致骨盆骨折，应注意是否同时存在骶骨骨折。骶骨骨折治疗方案的选择应考虑骨盆的稳定性和神经系统受累程度。对骨盆稳定性受到严重破坏、存在神经系统损害的患者，均应施行积极的治疗以使移位的骨折断端获得复位，并重建骨盆的稳定性。     

使用TOS装置固定术治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折

目的探讨应用脊柱钉棒系统类似三角形的骨折固定技术（triangufar ostee synthesis,TOS）治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的临床效果。方法对2008年5月至2010年12月收治的11例垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折患者进行手术治疗,采用后路腰骶部正中切口入路,安装L（4～5）椎弓根及髂后上棘椎弓根螺钉,将垂直、旋转移位复位固定。11例病人均属于Tile C型骨折,男7例,女4例。年龄20～48岁,平均34岁。结果 11例患者术后10例获得6～20个月随访,平均12.7个月。术后X线片均示骨盆骨折复位满意。根据Matta骨盆骨折复位评定标准,优7例,良3例。术前有4例骶丛神经损伤,术后3例神经症状恢复,1例解。未出现医源性神经、血管损伤。下肢行走、蹲屈功能恢复满意。有1例伤口感染,延迟愈合。结论使用脊柱钉棒系统TOS装置固定术治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折具有疗效满意,器械操作相对简单熟悉部分缓,并发症少等优点。     

Hemodynamically Unstable Pelvic Fractures: Recent Care and New Guidelines

Consistent care of hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture patients is a major management issue. It was uncertain whether the introduction of newly developed clinical practice guidelines would require much change in current delivery of care at our institution. Assessment of recent care was undertaken and compared with the newly developed evidence-based best practice guidelines. A multidisciplinary project team developed clinical practice guidelines for determination of early optimum management of hemodynamically unstable patients with pelvic fractures. The guidelines recommend a definitive management plan to arrest hemorrhage within 30 minutes. Intra-abdominal hemorrhage should be assessed with diagnostic peritoneal aspiration (DPA) and/or focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST). Early noninvasive stabilization of the pelvis followed by angiography within 90 minutes are recommended if intra-abdominal hemorrhage is not found. Recent care was assessed in a historical cohort of patients, identified in a prospectively maintained trauma registry, between June 1999 and December 2001. Investigations, interventions, and times were then compared with the new guidelines. The delivery of care to 30 patients (mortality 37%, mean ISS 37.8 ± 20.9) was studied. Compared with the new guidelines, the abdominal assessment rate with DPA and/or FAST was 53% and early (< 90 minutes) angiography rate was 38%. A form of pelvic external stabilization was applied in 27% of cases. Noninvasive pelvic stabilization was not performed at all. The recent care of hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture patients was not in line with newly developed guidelines. There is an opportunity to markedly improve the rates of initial assessment of the abdomen, pelvic stabilization, and early angiography.     

地震伤骨盆骨折后环不稳的微创治疗

目的 探讨地震伤骨盆骨折后环不稳微创治疗的技术要点及疗效.方法对9例地震伤骨盆骨折后环不稳,采用前环钢板内固定后环在C型臂X线机引导下经皮微创置入骶髂空心拉力螺钉内固定.结果 骨盆骨折后环不稳患者在C型臂X线机引导下经皮微创置入骶髂空心拉力螺钉内固定,疗效满意.结论 掌握经皮骶髂关节置钉技术要点,采用骶髂拉力螺钉微创固...     

不稳定型骨盆骨折的手术治疗（附23例报告）

目的：探讨不稳定同盆骨折手术治疗方法选择。方法：23例不稳定骨盆骨折,18例行方螺钉固定,5例行前方钢板螺钉固定,结果：随访8－62个月（平均37个月）,所有骨折半年内均愈合,18例X线评价满意,20例功能评价为优,结论：不稳定型骨盆骨折均应手术,较保守治疗有许多优点;当前后骨盆环均有损伤时,应重点强调后方损伤的准确复位;针对骶髂关节不稳定损伤,优称经后方入路。     

骨盆骨折合并会阴撕裂伤的初期处理

目的 探讨骨盆骨折合并会阴撕裂伤的初期处理措施。方法 回顾性分析16例骨盆骨折合并会阴撕裂伤的初期救治情况。男9例，女7例；开放性骨盆骨折10例。结果 15例存活，1例因严重合并伤，术后11天后死于严重的感染。结论 骨盆骨折合并会阴撕裂伤常需多科室合作，采用多种外科修复手段来处理；稳定血流动力学、彻底清创、局部骨折内固定、及时修复损伤器官、放置多条引流管及选择性粪道转移是初期处理的有效手段。     

外固定支架与皮下前环内置外架治疗骨盆前环骨折疗效比较

目的探讨骨盆前环外固定架固定(anterior pelvic external fixation,APEF)与皮下前环内置外架(internal anterior fixation,INFIX)治疗骨盆前环骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年1月由河南省人民医院骨科收治的61例骨盆不稳定骨折的患者资料,根据治疗方式分为两组:APEF固定组30例,其中男17例,女13例;年龄36~58岁,平均为(46.2±2.2)岁。骨盆骨折根据Tile分型,B型14例,C型16例;均采用外固定架固定前环。INFIX组31例,其中男14例,女17例;年龄37~60岁,平均为(47.1±2.4)岁。骨盆骨折根据Tile分型:B型13例,C型18例;均采用皮下前环内置外架固定前环。比较两组患者的术后骨折复位质量、手术或术后并发症(包括医源性神经损伤、感染、螺钉松动、骨不愈合等)及疗效等。结果61例患者均获得随访,随访时间12~18个月,平均(14.2±2.3)个月。术后骨折复位质量根据Matta评分标准评定,APEF组优10例,良16例,可3例,差1例,优良率为86.7%;INFIX组优9例,良18例,可2例,差2例,优良率为87.1%;两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时根据Majeed骨盆功能评分系统评定疗效,APEF组优15例,良10例,可5例,优良率为83.3%;INFIX组优16例,良12例,可3例,优良率为90.3%;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者在术后3个月随访时骨折均全部愈合。APEF组3例(10%)患者股外侧皮神经损伤,5例(16.7%)出现螺钉松动,4例(13.3%)发生钉道感染;INFIX组4例(12.9%)出现股外侧皮神经损伤,1例(3.2%)出现皮肤感染,无螺钉松动发生。APEF组股外侧皮神经损伤发生率较INFIX组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);APEF组患者螺钉松动、钉道感染率高于INFIX组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论APEF和INFIX均能提高骨盆的稳定性,但INFIX可获得较好的临床疗效,且并发症发生率较低,患者接受度高。     

Emergency Treatment of Multiply Injured Patients with Unstable Disruption of the Posterior Pelvic Ring by Using the “C–Clamp”

Abstract Purpose: Evaluation of the therapeutic usefulness of the “pelvic C–clamp” (PCC) during emergency treatment of multiply injured patients with unstable disruption of the posterior pelvic ring. Patients and Methods: The data of 28 patients with polytrauma in combination with an unstable fracture of the posterior pelvic ring (average Injury Severity Score [ISS]: 49 points; average Polytrauma Score [PTS]: 41 points) were retrospectively analyzed from the moment they were admitted to the emergency room until 48 h after admittance. The PCC was used immediately for primary stabilization of the pelvis after clinical diagnosis of the unstable pelvic fracture. Main outcome measurements: development of mean blood pressure, development of oxygenation level, period of time until the PCC was placed, number of blood units needed, period of time until circulatory stabilization occurred. Results: The PCC was applied in all cases within an average of 64.7 min after trauma. Seven patients (25%) died within the first 45 min after admission. The surviving patients showed:• an increase in mean blood pressure of 25% 20 min after application of the PCC,• a hemodynamic stabilization 6 h after application of the PCC,• a stabilization of the oxygenation level 6 h after application of the PCC,• a decrease in the number of required blood units 6 h after application of the PCC. Conclusion: The present study shows, that the application of the PCC to critically injured patients with unstable pelvic fractures leads to stabilization of the vital parameters within a short period of time.