妊娠期羊水过多伴胎儿畸形的超声诊断

目的:探讨妊娠期羊水过多伴胎儿畸形的类型特征及其影响因素。方法:回顾性分析63例在我院常规超声检查时诊断为羊水过多伴胎儿畸形的超声图像资料,对所有畸形进行分类统计。结果:这63例羊水过多胎儿中,伴有中枢神经系统畸形16例(25.4%),多发结构畸形9例(14.3%),泌尿系统畸形9例(14.3%),消化系统畸形7例(11.1%),胸腔畸形7例(11.1%),颌面部畸形5例(7.9%),骨骼畸形3例(4.8%),胎儿水肿3例(4.8%),骶尾部畸胎瘤2例(3.2%),双胎输血综合征1例(1.6%),单脐动脉1例(1.6%)。结论:超声对于妊娠期羊水过多胎儿伴有结构畸形的检查准确可靠,常见的畸形有中枢神经系统畸形、多发结构畸形、泌尿系统畸形、消化系统畸形和胸腔畸形。     

肠道血管畸形出血的介入放射学诊治价值

目的：评价介入放射学方法诊断肠道血管畸形的准确性和治疗肠道出血的价值。材料与方法：采用Ｓｅｄｉｎｇｅｒ技术，对２２例可疑肠道血管畸形导致消化道出血者，并经非介入性有性或诊断不明确病例作肠系膜上或／和肠系膜下动脉或腹腔干动脉造影，结果：２２例３１支动脉造影均发现病变并确诊为肠道血管畸形，其中１４例行外科手术治疗，并经病理结果证实。     

Successful radiosurgical treatment of arteriovenous malformation accompanied by venous malformation

We present a patient with a rare cerebrovascular malformation consisting of a typical arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with a nidus and a venous malformation (VM) in a single lesion. The AVM component was successfully obliterated by radiosurgery, whereas the VM was completely preserved. Radiosurgery can be an effective treatment technique for treating this type of malformation because it allows targeted obliteration of the AVM yet carries a low risk of damaging the venous drainage toward and away from the VM.     

冠状动脉畸形的造影诊断

目的探讨冠状动脉畸形的造影表现及诊断价值。方法对19例冠状动脉畸形患者分别行左右冠状动脉造影,分析其造影表现。结果19例冠状动脉畸形,其中冠状动脉瘤及瘤样扩张4例,冠状动脉畸形5例,冠状动脉瘘10例。冠状动脉造影清楚显示冠状动脉畸形的形态。结论冠状动脉造影对冠状动脉畸形具有较高的诊断价值。     

Background Radiation as the Cause of Fatal Congenital Malformation

Summary

The fraction of malformed births (deaths due to congenital malformation divided by births) is shown to vary over the earth with background radiation. Cosmic-ray energy flux is taken as the measure of background. The relation between the world-wide incidence of congenital malformation and geomagnetic latitude yields a X² = 21 (P < 0·0001) and is in agreement with the approximate theoretical relation. Lines of equal incidence of congenital malformation show characteristics which match variations in the earth's magnetic field or background radiation. Since the variation from 0·3 malformed births per 1000 in South-east Asia to 7·9 in Northern Ireland can be attributed to background, at least 96 per cent of all deaths due to congenital malformation can be attributed to background. The distribution of congenital malformation within the United States provides corroborative evidence. X-rays have caused a 6 per cent increase in congenital malformation in the United States in the last 30 years.     

Dynamic 3D MR angiography of intra- and extracranial vascular malformations at 3T: a technical note

Time-resolved, contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography combined with parallel imaging at 3T was applied to an intracranial arteriovenous malformation, a dural arteriovenous fistula, and an extracranial facial arteriovenous malformation. The temporal resolution was one image every 1.5 seconds. Arterial feeders were depicted in all three cases. Early venous drainage was observed in the intracerebral arteriovenous malformation and the dural arteriovenous fistula, but not in the facial arteriovenous malformation. All findings were concordant with conventional angiography.     

Abernethy畸形的影像学表现

目的提高对Abemethy畸形（Abemethy malformation）的认识。方法报告2例经DSA证实的罕见Abemethy畸形的影像学表现，2例分别行内科保守治疗和部分性脾动脉栓塞术，并作文献复习。结果例1CT增强扫描及三维血管成像示：肝下段下腔静脉增宽，门静脉干及分支变细，胃和脾周可见迂曲扩张的血管。经肠系膜上动脉间接门静脉DSA可见门静脉干及分支明显变细，肠道静脉血少部分回流入门静脉，大部分经一迂曲扩张的分流道人左。肾静脉；脾动脉DSA示脾静脉血主要经分流道人左。肾静脉。例2CT示：肝叶比例失调，右叶稍大，肝裂宽，脾大，脾门血管迂曲扩张。经肠系膜上动脉间接门静脉DSA可见门静脉干闭塞，周围可见细小迂曲的血管，肠道静脉血大部分经一分流道人左肾静脉；脾动脉DSA显示脾静脉血主要经分流道人左。肾静脉和下腔静脉。结论Abemethy畸形的诊断主要依据影像学，以间接或直接门静脉造影为金标准。治疗方法应根据畸形的不同类型及病人的情况决定。     

Serial antenatal sonographic observation of cerebral dural sinus malformation

Dural sinus malformation is an extremely rare congenital cerebrovascular malformation. We report serial antenatal sonographic findings in two patients with dural sinus malformation. Sonography can reveal dural sinus malformation at 24 weeks' gestation. Correct and early diagnosis may help determine the appropriate place, timing, and mode of delivery, which may result in a better therapeutic course and patient outcome.     

磁敏感加权成像在脑静脉畸形诊断中的应用

目的：探讨磁敏感加权成像（SWI）在脑静脉畸形诊断中的价值。方法：回顾性分析19例脑静脉畸形的常规MRI及SWI表现。结果：19例常规MRI均可显示引流静脉,其中9例可显示髓静脉汇入引流静脉;19例磁敏感加权成像均可清晰显示引流静脉及髓静脉,呈现特征性的＂海蛇头＂或＂蜈蚣＂征。结论：SWI较常规MRI更能清晰和精确地显示脑静脉畸形的影像特征,可作为脑静脉畸形诊断常规序列的重要补充。     

Spontaneous thrombosis of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation

We report a patient who presented acutely to a neurosurgical unit with a mild left hemiparesis following mild trauma and an episode of hypotension. Computed tomography of the brain showed fresh partial thrombosis of a right parietal arteriovenous malformation. Subsequent angiography confirmed partial obliteration of an arteriovenous malformation. The malformation had completely thrombosed on follow up computed tomography, and disappeared angiographically.     

胎儿房室通道的产前超声心动图诊断价值

目的:探讨产前超声心动图对胎儿房室通道的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析我院13800例行中孕超声筛查和高度怀疑胎儿心脏畸形的晚孕孕妇。首先确定胎儿心脏的位置及心轴,结合心脏三节段分析法进行分析。二维超声显示四腔心、左室流出道、右室流出道、心底短轴、主动脉弓、动脉导管弓及三血管切面,重点观察十字交叉结构、房室间隔完整性和二尖瓣、三尖瓣、主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣的启闭情况,再用多普勒超声观察胎儿心内分流和各瓣膜的血流情况。结果:13800例行常规超声筛查孕妇中检出房室通道6例(3例完全性房室通道和3例不完全性房室通道)。均已引产并有3例尸检,尸检结论与超声完全一致。结论:产前超声心动图对检出胎儿房室通道及其分型具有极重要的价值,二维超声心动图是根本,而多普勒超声也不可或缺。     

Spontaneous resolution of syringomyelia in a child with Chiari I malformation: a case report

Cervicothoracic syringomyelia is a frequent feature in Chiari I malformation. It can be symptomatic or not, and is well demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Its spontaneous resolution is uncommon. The authors report a case of spontaneous resolution of a thoracic syrinx in an 18-year-old patient with a Chiari I malformation. MRI study performed 6 years previously because of worsening headaches demonstrated a Chiari I malformation associated with a syrinx cavity. The cavity disappearance was noted after improvement of the symptoms.     

Uterus duplex and unilateral agenesies of the kidney in two sisters (author's transl)]

The article describes uterus duplex and unilateral agenesis of the kidney in two sisters. Although this combined malformation has been described in literature in about 100 cases, it would seem that it occurred in one and the same family in only one case, namely, in mother and daughter. If agenesis of the kidney or a malformation of the uterus is found in a patient, the physician should look for a combined malformation in other members of the family.     

椎管内血管畸形的MRI诊断：———附25例分析

椎管内血管畸形是椎管内血管先天发育异常所致,以往认为是比较罕见的疾病。自从ＭＲＩ应用于临床以来,发现该病并非罕见,ＭＲＩ在诊断该病方面具有独到之处,现将收集到的２５例报告如下。材料与方法２５例患者中,男１４例,女１１例,男女之比为１．３：ｌ,年龄５～５６岁,平均年龄３２．４岁。全部病例均使用西门子公司生产１．ＳＴ超导型磁共振仪,扫描序列采用自旋回波Ｔ;加权ＴＲ５００／ＴＥ１５ｍｓ,Ｔ。加权ＴＲ４６００／ＴＥ８０ｍｓ。矢状位层厚为３ｍｍ,层间距为０．３ｍｍ。矩阵为２５６Ｘ２５６,数据平均采集次数为…     

HPLC法同时测定不同产地决明子中12种蒽醌类成分的含量

目的建立决明子中12种蒽醌类成分的含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC法,色谱柱：Diamonsil C18（150mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,流动相：乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液梯度洗脱;流速：1.0 ml.min-1;检测波长：280 nm,柱温：25℃。结果决明子苷、2-葡萄糖基橙黄决明素、2-葡萄糖基决明素、2-葡萄糖黄决明素、橙黄决明素、大黄酸、黄决明素、决明素、芦荟大黄素、1-去甲基决明素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚完全分离;峰面积与其浓度呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率分别为98.1%（RSD1.2%）、98.9%（RSD2.1%）、96.9%（RSD2.9%）、97.1%（RSD2.1%）、102.8%（RSD1.3%）、98.9%（RSD2.0%）、96.2%（RSD1.7%）、98.5%（RSD1.9%）、103.2%（RSD1.9%）、102.3%（RSD2.6%）、98.9%（RSD1.6%）、97.67%（RSD1.4%）（n=6）。结论该法灵敏、准确、重复性强,可用于决明子中蒽醌类成分的含量测定。     

脑动静脉畸形供血方式与栓塞的关系研究

目的探讨脑动静脉畸形供血方式与栓塞的关系。方法回顾性分析12 4例4 0 0次超选择性微导管造影所显示的脑动静脉畸形的供血方式及其栓塞后并发症的发生率。结果4 0 0次微导管超选择性造影显示终末型供血方式2 92次,占73% ,穿枝型供血方式2 8次,占7% ,动静脉直接交通型36次,占9%。畸形血管团内伴有动脉瘤2 4例,占6 %。畸形血管团内含有静脉瘤或引流静脉呈瘤样扩张者2 0例,占5 %。除穿枝型供血方式16例未行栓塞外,余者栓塞后无严重并发症发生。结论了解脑动静脉畸形供血方式便可知道能否安全的进行栓塞,而测定脑动静脉畸形的动静脉循环时间可指导栓塞用胶的配制浓度。     

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation and inherent complications with solitary lung nodule biopsy—literature overview and case report

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, also known as an arteriovenous fistula, is typically a congenital disease caused by structural deficiencies, particularly the lack of capillary wall development, leading to the abnormal dilation of the pulmonary capillaries. The majority of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation cases are associated with Rendu–Osler–Weber syndrome, also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation rarely occurs due to chest trauma. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are long-lasting and often first diagnosed in adults. More than two-thirds of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation lesions are found in the lower lung lobe and the subpleural area, and the vast majority of cases present with the monofocal form. The initial diagnosis is often based on the identification of a solitary pulmonary nodule. However, a solitary nodule detected on chest computed tomography that is not correctly diagnosed as pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, even after intravenous contrast injection, can lead to the performance of a transthoracic biopsy. Biopsy of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations can lead to stroke occurrence, during which the patient often presents with severe pleural bleeding, which can have lifelong consequences if not immediately treated. We report a case of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation that was discovered incidentally in an adult patient who underwent non-contrast computed tomography. Misdiagnosis occurred, and transthoracic lung biopsy was performed. Complications were discovered late, and the patient underwent surgical pulmonary arteriovenous malformation removal and was treated for hemothorax.     

彩超对先天性二叶主动脉瓣畸形的诊断价值

目的 利用二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断技术探讨对先天性二叶主动脉瓣的超声诊断及各年龄段瓣膜病变程度。方法 重点通过大动脉短轴及主动脉长轴等切面观察二叶主动脉瓣的形态，回声，启闭及血流动力学情况。结果 二叶主动脉瓣畸形在收缩期呈“二”字形，舒张期呈偏心的“一”字形，且随着年龄的增长，瓣膜增厚与钙化逐渐加重，绝大多数伴狭窄及关闭不全，主动脉扩张等改变。结论 二维及彩色频谱多普勒超声对二叶主动脉瓣畸形及病变的诊断具有重要意义。     

Aneurysms of the vein of Galen in children: CT and angiographic correlations

Summary An aneurysm of the vein of Galen is a rare midline arteriovenous malformation. The clinical signs and the prognosis strictly depend on age of presentation and on the amount of blood shunted into the malformation. In the newborn, cardiac failure is the most common presenting sign. In older children hydrocephalus, headache, focal neurological signs and subarachnoid bleeding may be the reason for admission. At the Hospital for Sick Children six patients with an aneurysm of the vein of Galen were studied by angiography and CT. Four of them were newborn in cardiac failure. Angiography was essential for the accurate demonstration of all the feeding vessels to the malformation and their exact location. Computed tomography also added useful information on associated hydrocephalus and ischemic brain damage. The dilated vein of Galen, straight sinus and torcular were clearly seen. Abnormal arterial vessels feeding the malformation were also recognized.     

Three-dimensional volumetric visualization of arteriovenous malformation of the maxilla

The appearance of an arteriovenous malformation is described from images derived from spiral CT and reconstructed in three dimensions using computer graphics. The existence and shape of a vascular malformation is demonstrated using a vascular protocol. This three-dimensional CT technique is an important adjunct to diagnosis using CT, MRI and conventional radiography.