Paediatric serum sickness-like reaction: A 10-year retrospective cohort study

BackgroundSerum sickness-like reaction (SSLR) is an acute inflammatory condition affecting predominantly children. The pathophysiology remains unclear, but drugs are considered the main trigger.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory features, triggers, and treatment modalities in children diagnosed with SSLR.MethodsWe conducted a 10-year retrospective cohort study including all paediatric patients (0 to 18 years old) with query SSLR referred to the Adverse Drug Reactions Clinic at the Children’s Hospital of Western Ontario. Diagnostic criteria included acute skin rash plus joint inflammation with or without fever.ResultsWe included 83 patients (47 females). Age ranged from 11 months to 12 years (mean 3.2 years). Amoxicillin was the trigger in 82.7% of patients. The mean time between the exposure to the triggering drug and the development of the symptoms was 8.5 days. Urticaria-like and Erythema multiforme-like lesions were present in 35% and 38.5% of the cases, respectively. Joint inflammation affecting hands/feet was present in 60%. Pruritus, lip/eye swelling, and fever were reported in 33, 31, and 45% of patients, respectively. The lymphocyte toxicity assay (LTA) showed incremental T-cell toxicity in 32 of 34 patients. Children that received treatment with antihistamines/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) plus oral steroids had a mean recovery time shorter than those treated only with antihistamines/NSAIDs (6 versus 8 days; P=0.09).ConclusionsIn our study, SSLR was mostly triggered by amoxicillin and had a mean time presentation of 8.5 days. Further prospective and well-conducted studies are needed.     

Child abuse and unintentional injuries: a 10-year retrospective

OBJECTIVE: To identify differences between hospitalized children injured by child abuse and those with unintentional injuries. DESIGN: Comparative analysis of patients injured by child abuse (n = 1997) with patients injured unintentionally (n = 16 831), newborn to 4 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient characteristics, nature and severity of injury, treatment, length of stay, survival, functional limitations, and disposition at discharge from the hospital. DATA SOURCE: Retrospective review of medical records submitted to the National Pediatric Trauma Registry between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 1997. RESULTS: During the 10-year study period, child abuse accounted for 10.6% of all blunt trauma to patients younger than 5 years. Children injured by child abuse were significantly younger (mean, 12.8 vs 25.5 months) and were more likely to have preinjury medical history (53% vs 14.1%) and retinal hemorrhages (27.8% vs 0.06%) than children with unintentional injuries. Abused children were mainly injured by battering (53%) and by shaking (10.3%); unintentionally injured children were hurt mainly by falls (58.4%) and by motor vehicle-related events (37.1%). Abused children were more likely than unintentionally injured children to sustain intracranial injury (42.2% vs 14.1%) and thoracic (12.5% vs 4.5%) and abdominal (11.4% vs 6.8%) injuries; to sustain very severe injuries (22.6% vs 6.3%); to be admitted to the intensive care unit (42.5% vs 26.9%); and to receive Child Protective Services (82.3% vs 8%) and Social Services (72.9% vs 27.6%) intervention. The mean length of stay for children who were abused was significantly longer (9.3 vs 3.8 days) and the survival to discharge from the hospital was significantly worse (87.3% vs 97.4%) than for those unintentionally injured. Among the survivors, children who were abused developed extensive functional limitations more frequently than those unintentionally injured (8.7% vs 2.7%). More than half (56.6%) of the children who were abused were discharged to custodial/foster/Child Protective Services care; most (96.1%) of the children unintentionally injured returned to their homes. CONCLUSIONS: Child abuse continues to be a serious cause of mortality and morbidity to infants and toddlers. On average, among children hospitalized for blunt trauma, those injured by abuse sustain more severe injuries, use more medical services, and have worse survival and functional outcome than children with unintentional injuries.     

Paediatric injuries due to falls from windows and balconies: an 8-year prospective and retrospective review

BackgroundUnintentional falls from windows and balconies pose a serious health risk to children. Limited Canadian data describing such falls currently exist. This study aimed to describe the frequency, demographic characteristics, injury patterns, and risk factors associated with paediatric falls from windows and balconies.MethodsThis study employed both prospective data collection and retrospective medical record review. Prospectively, consenting families were enrolled from February 2015 to February 2017; retrospectively, charts from January 2009 to December 2014 were reviewed. Children 0 to 16 years of age, who presented to the Stollery Children’s Hospital (Edmonton, Alberta) emergency department due to a fall from a window or balcony, were included.ResultsA total of 102 children were included; thirty were enrolled prospectively and 72 retrospectively. Median age was 4.5 years (interquartile range 2.83 to 6.83) with 63.7% (65 of 102) males. About 87.2% (89 of 102) of falls were from windows and 12.8% (13 of 102) from balconies. The median estimated height of fall was 4.1 m (interquartile range 3.04 to 4.73). About 58.4% (59 of 101) had at least one major injury (i.e., concussion, fractured skull, internal injury, fractured limb, severe laceration), 36.6% had minor injuries only (i.e., abrasions, contusions, sprains), and 5.0% had no documented injuries. There were no fatalities. About 30.4% (31 of 102) were admitted, with 48.4% of these children (15 of 31) requiring surgery.ConclusionMost falls from windows and balconies occurred in children under the age of 5 years and were associated with serious morbidity, high admission rates, and need for surgery. Child supervision as well as installation of key safety features in windows may help minimize paediatric fall-related injuries.     

儿童心脏骤停的预后及影响因素

儿童心脏骤停是临床上最危急的情况之一,对生命造成严重威胁.随着心肺复苏及高级生命支持技术的进步,儿童心脏骤停的存活率较以前升高,但很多存活者遗留神经系统后遗症.儿童院外心脏骤停与院内心脏骤停的疾病原因不同,其预后和影响因素也不尽相同.儿童心脏骤停死亡危险因素有癌症、肝功能不全、急性肾功能衰竭和脓毒症/全身炎症反应综合征等,心肺复苏作为心脏骤停的主要急救手段,是影响心脏骤停儿童存活率的主要因素之一.     

Childhood drowning in Manitoba: A 10-year review of provincial Paediatric Death Review Committee data

BACKGROUND:

Drowning is the second leading cause of unintentional injury death for Canadian children up to 19 years of age. Specific regional drowning prevention strategies require a detailed understanding of patterns of injury, including risk factors. Paediatric death review committees have the opportunity to identify these risk factors, and to identify and advocate prevention strategies.

OBJECTIVES:

The purpose of the present study was to analyze Manitoba Paediatric Death Review Committee (PDRC) drowning data to identify drowning risk factors and potential prevention strategies.

METHODS:

A 10-year (1988–1997) review of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Manitoba PDRC database was performed. Drowning deaths were summarized in terms of demographic variables and lack of supervision at the time of the drowning events.

RESULTS:

Seventy-three drowning deaths were reviewed by the PDRC during the study period. These children ranged from 29 days to 14 years of age. They included 50 boys and 30 First Nations children. The highest mortality rates were found in First Nations children (12.4/100,000 First Nations children compared with 1.9/100,000 non-First Nations children), boys (3.9/100,000 boys compared with 1.9/100,000 girls) and toddlers aged one to four years (5.9/100,000 children).

CONCLUSIONS:

Priority populations for drowning prevention in Manitoba include First Nations children, boys and toddlers. Death review committees can contribute to childhood injury prevention by reviewing injury deaths, analyzing and reporting injury mortality data, and identifying and advocating prevention strategies.     

围生期巨细胞病毒感染5年临床总结

目的 研究围生期巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的的发病情况、临床特征、治疗及影响更昔洛韦疗效的因素。方法 回顾性分析2008~2012年237例临床诊断为围生期CMV感染的住院患儿的临床资料。结果 5年间围生期CMV感染患儿基本特征及占同期总住院患儿的比例无明显差异。患儿多为2个或2个以上系统受累,CMV肝炎合并CMV肺炎(43.1%)为最常见的临床类型。病原学检测结果提示血CMV-IgM及血/尿CMV-DNA均阳性为3.8%,仅血CMV-IgM阳性为90.3%,仅血/尿CMV-DNA阳性为5.9%。197例患儿接受了更昔洛韦治疗,治愈率为88.3%。母孕史异常(OR=6.191,95% CI:1.597~24.002)和用药前患儿肝脏受累(OR=3.705,95% CI:1.537~8.931)是影响更昔洛韦对围生期CMV感染患儿疗效的独立危险因素。结论 围生期CMV感染近5年的流行病学特征较为稳定。CMV常侵犯多个脏器或系统,以肝肺损害最常见。更昔洛韦治疗围生期CMV感染疗效明显;母孕史异常和用药前患儿肝脏受累会增加围生期CMV患儿对更昔洛韦耐药的风险。     

新生儿败血症病原菌及耐药性10年回顾性分析

目的 分析新生儿败血症病原菌分布随时间的变化规律及抗生素耐药情况。方法 收集2010年1月至2019年12月中南大学湘雅二医院10年来确诊的新生儿败血症的相关资料,分析新生儿败血症的发生率、病原菌分布情况及抗生素耐药特点。结果 新生儿败血症的发生率为4.02%(447/11 111)。排名前4位的菌株依次为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(coagulase-negative staphylococci,CoNS)、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌和念珠菌属。败血症发生率和病原菌占比分布随时间无明显变化趋势。肺炎克雷伯菌在早产儿(33.9%)、极低出生体重儿(29.5%)、小于胎龄儿(42.5%)中均为检出比例最高的菌株。CoNS、肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌对青霉素类抗生素和第三代头孢菌素的耐药率均较高。结论 新生儿败血症的发生率较高,病原菌以CoNS为主,对青霉素类抗生素和第三代头孢菌素的耐药率较高。应加强新生儿感染防控和病原菌监测,进一步规范抗生素的合理运用。[中国当代儿科杂志,2022,24 (10):1111-1116]     

Childhood sinusitis. A description and comments based on a 10-year series of cases

Following a review of the embryology, evolution, anatomy and physiopathology of the paranasal naso-sinus apparatus, the paper briefly describes the history of pathological studies in this area. The main clinical symptoms connected to infantile sinusal pathologies are outlined and, on the basis of a series of 1982 affected subjects (16.45% of subjects studied), the frequency of these diseases is underlined together with the net prevalence of maxillary sinusal involvement in childhood, as is confirmed by data published in pediatric literature. After having described the pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and the possibilities of prophylaxis, the paper discusses a successful therapy using: a macrolide (erythromycin); a drug with a mixed action on the synthesis and composition of mucus and on the permeability of the mucosa (ambroxol); and a true mucolytic compound (acetylcysteine). The cost/benefit ratio of this treatment is advantageous compared to other immunomodulating treatments. In conclusion, the paper suggests a careful search for this pathology among the recurrent respiratory infections, using the therapeutic protocol described in the event of sinusal infection, and reserving the use of immunomodulating drugs for those cases which do not form part of this group.     

二产新生儿近期临床结局——单中心队列研究

目的探讨第二产次的新生儿的近期临床结局,为生育政策改变后围产期的临床工作提供参考依据。方法对2015年6月至2016年4月在浙江省永康市妇幼保健院分娩的产妇及其新生儿进行队列研究,根据产次分为一产组和二产组,比较两组新生儿的近期临床结局。结果符合纳入标准的新生儿共4 091例,其中一产组2 023例,二产组2 068例。二产组孕母年龄多在26~34岁(57.16%),35岁以上者占16.49%。二产组新生儿剖宫产出生率高于一产组(42.55%vs 25.06%,P0.05)。二产组住院新生儿中新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS,8.6%vs 3.4%)及新生儿湿肺(7.2%vs 2.6%)在新生儿疾病构成比中的比例高于一产组(P0.05)。结论高龄产妇不是当前生育二孩的主要人群。二产新生儿剖宫产出生率较一产新生儿高,这可能是导致二产住院新生儿中NRDS和新生儿湿肺等呼吸系统疾病占比较高的原因之一。     

Diagnosis and treatment of infantile malignant solid tumors in Beijing,China: A multicenter 10-year retrospective study

Importance::Cancer is the main cause of death by disease in children. Children experience the highest incidence of cancer in the first year of life. However, th...     

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: An over 10-year retrospective analysis

Importance::Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (PIMTs) are primary lung tumors in children. Misdiagnosis easily occurs because of the nonspecific cli...     

Management and outcomes of paediatric ileocolic intussusception at a paediatric tertiary care hospital: A retrospective cohort study

BackgroundRapid reduction of ileocolic intussusception is important to minimize the compromise in blood flow to the affected bowel segment. This study aimed to quantify the potentially modifiable time between diagnosis and initiation of pneumatic reduction, identify factors associated with delays, and characterize the outcomes of pneumatic reduction in a recent cohort.MethodsThis retrospective observational study occurred at a tertiary care paediatric hospital with a consecutive sample of all children with ileocolic intussusception September 2015 through September 2018. The primary outcome was the time between ultrasound diagnosis of intussusception and the beginning of pneumatic reduction. Independent variables were age of the patient, time of day of arrival, transfer from another facility, and intravenous access prior to ultrasound. Outcomes of pneumatic reduction were expressed as proportions.ResultsThere were 103 cases of ileocolic intussusception (among 257,282 visits) during the study period. The median time between diagnostic confirmation and initiation of reduction was 36 minutes. This was shorter for transferred patients and children with intravenous access prior to ultrasound. One perforation was identified at the beginning of reduction, without hemodynamic instability. Six children (5.8%) underwent either open (n=4) or laparoscopic surgery (n=2) for reduction failure.ConclusionThe median delay between diagnosis and initiation of reduction at this paediatric hospital was short, especially among patients transferred with a suspicion of intussusception and children with intravenous access prior to diagnosis. Complications from pneumatic reduction were infrequent.     

Neurobehavioural outcomes of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: A Canadian perspective

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is one of the most common preventable causes of developmental disability and is currently one of the most pressing public health concerns in Canada. FASD refers to the range of physical, mental, behavioural and learning disabilities that an individual may acquire as a result of maternal alcohol consumption. Prenatal exposure to alcohol leads to numerous primary and secondary disabilities in affected children, which can result in poor long-term outcomes. The present paper reviews previous research on the neurobehavioural outcomes of children with FASD, particularly in terms of behavioural, mental health and adaptive outcomes. The role of risk and protective factors on these outcomes and the impact of FASD on the family are also examined. Finally, future directions and implications regarding outcomes research among children with FASD, particularly within a Canadian context, are discussed.     

儿童1型糖尿病的10年回顾及白介素-10在糖尿病酮症酸中毒中的临床意义

目的：回顾浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院10年来住院儿童 1 型糖尿病的发病状况并探讨白介素-10（IL-10）在儿童 1 型糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）中的临床意义。方法：对1999年1月至2009年2月在该院住院的263例334例次1型糖尿病患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析;并对其中48例1型糖尿病患儿进行血脂、细胞因子等检查,根据有无酮症酸中毒分为 DKA组和非DKA组,24例正常健康儿童作为对照组,比较各组间血脂、细胞因子等参数的差异。结果：儿童1型糖尿病患儿中,女性多见（56.3%）,发病年龄以6~11.9岁多见。32.7% 的患儿以酮症酸中毒为就诊表现。DKA组血脂、血糖及糖化血红蛋白均高于非DKA组,二分类logistic 回归分析示上述指标水平的升高均为酮症酸中毒的危险因素。IL-10水平在DKA组明显升高,余细胞因子在DKA组和非DKA组无明显差异。糖尿病组各细胞因子水平明显高于正常对照组。结论：1型糖尿病患儿酮症酸中毒发生率较高,糖、脂代谢紊乱是酮症酸中毒的危险因素。IL-10可能为酮症酸中毒的敏感指标。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12（11）：849-854］     

Down syndrome and acute leukemia in children: a 10-year retrospective survey from Childrens Cancer Study Group

Review of 5406 children with acute lymphoblastic (ALL) or nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) registered with Childrens Cancer Study Group (CCSG) since 1972 identified 115 patients (2.1%) with Down syndrome. The proportion of patients with Down syndrome was the same for ALL (2.1%) and ANLL (2.1%). Patients with ALL with and without Down syndrome did not differ significantly with respect to age at diagnosis, sex, race, morphology (FAB classification), cell surface markers, initial white blood cell count, pretreatment hemoglobin value, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, presence of mediastinal mass, CNS disease at diagnosis, or prognostic group as defined by age and initial white blood cell count. Patients with ALL-Down syndrome less frequently had splenomegaly, had lower pretreatment platelet counts, and more often had normal or elevated IgG or IgA levels. In addition, they had a significantly lower rate of remission (81% versus 94%), a higher mortality during induction therapy (14% versus 3%), and a poorer overall survival with 5-year life table rates of 50% versus 65% (P less than 0.001). If an initial remission was achieved, there were no significant differences with respect to remission duration, survival, or disease-free survival. Patients with ANLL-Down syndrome were younger at diagnosis than those without Down syndrome. There was no significant difference in the remission rates between these patients. Analysis of findings in patients with ANLL provided results similar to those obtained for patients with ALL with regard to clinical outcome after achievement of an initial remission.