动力髋螺钉治疗股骨转子间骨折

2001～2004年,我院应用动力髋螺钉治疗股骨转子间骨折75例,取得满意效果。     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨转子间骨折56例

2001年4月～2003年6月,我科应用动力髋螺钉（DHS）治疗股骨转子周围骨折56例,取得较好的疗效。     

改良DHS手术治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

[目的]采用改良动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)手术治疗股骨粗隆间骨折,分别和传统DHS、股骨近端髓内钉(PFN)相比较。[方法]对54例股骨粗隆间骨折患者采用改良DHS手术治疗包括术前重视骨牵引、术中内旋患肢、采用股骨近端后外侧切口、切断股外侧肌起点的方法。并和传统DHS组39例、PFN组33例相对照比较,得出术前骨牵引率、术中复位满意率、手术时间、出血量、优良率等多项观察指标的相关数据,并进行统计分析。[结果]54例获得13～28个月的随访,平均19.2个月。资料分析显示,DHS改良组和PFN相比较,在手术时间、失血量及愈后功能评价等方面无显著性差异;和传统组相比较,改良组可缩短手术时间、减少术中失血量并缩短切口长度。[结论]用改良后的DHS手术治疗EvansⅠ、Ⅱ型股骨粗隆间骨折有一定的临床应用价值。     

Primary hemiarthroplasty for unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly: A retrospective case series

Background:

The management of unstable osteoporotic intertrochantric fractures in elderly is challenging because of difficult anatomical reduction, poor bone quality, and sometimes a need to protect the fracture from stresses of weight bearing. Internal fixation in these cases usually involves prolonged bed rest or limited ambulation, to prevent implant failure secondary to osteoporosis. This might result in higher chances of complications like pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia, and decubitus ulcer. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of primary hemiarthroplasty in cases of unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric femur fractures.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed 37 cases of primary hemiarthroplasty performed for osteoporotic unstable intertrochanteric fractures (AO/OTA type 31-A2.2 and 31-A2.3 and Evans type III or IV fractures). There were 27 females and 10 males with a mean age of 77.1 years (range, 62–89 years).

Results:

Two patients died due to unrelated cause (myocardial infarction) within 6 months of surgery and remaining 35 patients were followed up to an average of 24.5 months (range,18–39 months). The average surgery time was 71 min (range, 55–88 min) with an average intraoperative blood loss of 350 ml (range, 175–500 ml). Six patients needed blood transfusion postoperatively. The patients walked on an average 3.2 days after surgery (range, 2–8 days). One patient had superficial skin infection and one had bed sore with no other significant postoperative complications. One patient of Alzheimer’s disease refused to walk and had a poor result. A total of 32 out of 35 patients (91%) had excellent to fair functional results and 2 had poor result with respect to the Harris hip score (mean 84.8±9.72, range 58-97). One patient who had neurological comorbidity refused to walk post operatively and was labeled as failed result.

Conclusion:

Hemiarthroplasty for unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures in elderly results in early ambulation and good functional results although further prospective randomized trials are required before reaching to conclusion.     

股骨粗隆间骨折术后骨不连的治疗现状

股骨粗隆间骨折术后骨不连是一种少见而严重的并发症.手术治疗是主要的临床选择.手术方案包括保留股骨头和髋关节置换两大类,前者包括股骨粗隆外翻截骨术和更换内固定术,后者包括全髋和半髋关节置换术.选择治疗方案需考虑多种因素,尤其是首次内固定治疗失败一定程度上破坏了股骨近端结构,这都增加了治疗难度.本文总结了近年来国内外股骨粗...     

自体骨移植与骨形成蛋白治疗成人长骨骨折不愈合的Meta分析

目的：系统评价自体骨移植与骨形成蛋白治疗成人长骨骨折不愈合相关指标,为成人长骨骨折不愈合治疗提供参考依据。方法：计算机检索PuMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据期刊全文数据库及中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）发表的对于自体骨移植与骨形成蛋白治疗成人长骨骨折不愈合的随机对照试验,检索时间从建库至2019年3月。由2名研究者按照纳入和排除标准独立进行筛选文献,提取资料,并采用Jadad评价量表对纳入的文献进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.3统计学软件对两种方法的感染发生率、成功愈合率、二次手术率、住院时间及术中失血量进行Meta分析。结果：共纳入7个随机对照试验研究,共652例患者,自体骨移植组有410例,骨形成蛋白组有242例。Meta分析结果显示：自体骨移植组与骨形成蛋白组在感染发生率［RR=1.32,95%CI（0.90,1.93）,P=0.16］,成功愈合率［RR=0.95,95%CI（0.84,1.08）,P=0.43］,二次手术率［RR=1.16,95%CI（0.43,3.12）,P=0.76］及住院时间［MD=0.69,95%CI（-0.38,1.75）,P=0.21］方面比较差异无统计学意义。自体骨移植组术中失血量明显高于骨形成蛋白组［MD=223.00,95%CI（32.72,413.28）,P=0.02］。结论：对于成人长骨骨折不愈合的治疗,骨形成蛋白可以获得和自体骨移植一样的骨折愈合率,同时可以明显减少术中失血量。骨形成蛋白可能更适合成人长骨骨折不愈合的治疗。     

股骨转子间骨折手术治疗后骨折不愈合的危险因素分析

目的 探究股骨转子间骨折经动力髋螺钉内固定（dynamic hip screw, DHS）手术治疗后骨折不愈合的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析我院2014年1月至2016年6月期间因股骨转子间骨折住院且接受DHS治疗的病人368例,年龄为（57.4±13.2）岁（34~79岁）;其中,男192例,女176例。对性别、年龄、身体质量指数（BMI）、骨折类型（稳定型或不稳定型）、Signh分级、是否合并糖尿病、螺钉位置、螺钉深度、是否纠正髋内翻、Garden对线指数、颈干角、不负重活动时间以及负重活动时间等指标进行二分类量化,并通过单因素分析和Logistic多因素回归分析进行危险因素分析。结果 349例骨折愈合,19例骨折不愈合,骨折不愈合的发生率为5.16％。单因素分析结果显示：年龄、骨折类型、Signh分级、螺钉位置、螺钉深度、Garden对线指数、颈干角以及不负重活动时间对术后骨折不愈合的发生有影响,差异均具有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。Logistic多因素回归分析显示股骨转子间DHS手术治疗后骨折不愈合的独立危险因素有：年龄≥60岁[OR=3.694,95%CI（2.247,3.942）];不稳定型骨折[OR=3.214,95%CI（3.081,5.637）];Signh分级为Ⅰ~Ⅲ级[OR=4.267,95%CI（4.060,7.532）];螺钉位置不理想[OR=5.124,95%CI：（4.635,8.421）];螺钉深度不到位[OR=3.284,95%CI（2.427,7.392）];Garden对线指数不理想[OR=4.268,95%CI（3.629,5.484）]以及颈干角不正常[OR=11.426,95%CI（6.427,20.424）]。结论 在股骨转子间骨折的DHS治疗中,对于高龄、不稳定型骨折以及可能合并有骨质疏松的病人应注意减少手术创伤,改善其营养状况;同时在手术过程中需要注意把握进钉位置、深度,保证骨折断端的对线以及颈干角的恢复。     

The treatment strategies of intertrochanteric fractures nonunion: An experience of 23 nonunion patients

BackgroundIntertrochanteric femoral fractures are common, but the nonunion of intertrochanteric fractures is not. The purpose of this study was to divide intertrochanteric fracture nonunion into different types and give corresponding treatment strategies.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 23 patients with intertrochanteric fracture nonunion. The patients were divided into five groups and each group was treated with a different strategy. All patients had staged clinical and radiographic follow-ups and the mean follow-up was 16.0 ± 4.6 months.ResultsExcept for the patients treated with total hip arthroplasty, all patients achieved fracture union. The mean union time was 4.7 ± 1.2 months. The Harris hip function score differed significantly from preoperative (28.9 ± 6.8) to postoperative (83.8 ± 6.3; p < 0.05). For the three patients who were classified as type III, the femoral neck shaft angle was corrected to a significant degree, from 97.3 ± 6.4 to 127.3 ± 2.5 (p < 0.05). For the four patients who were classified as type V, the mean time from debridement to re-internal fixation was 3.7 ± 1.5 months.ConclusionsThere are several factors associated with the failure of intertrochanteric fracture treatments. We need to analyze the causes of fracture treatment failure carefully. Based on our five classifications and corresponding treatment strategies, the radiographic and functional treatment outcomes were satisfactory. Future larger comparative studies are needed to confirm our results.     

解剖钢板内固定治疗儿童股骨转子间骨折

[目的] 探讨解剖钢板治疗儿童股骨转子间骨折的临床效果。[方法] 采用解剖钢板对15例儿童股骨转子间骨折进行手术固定治疗。平均随访时间20个月（8～36个月）。[结果]　本组骨折均在14周内愈合。1例出现髋内翻。无1例发生股骨头缺血性坏死、骨不连、骺板早闭和肢体短缩。参照刘尚礼疗效评定标准，14例疗效优良，优良率93．3％。[结论]　解剖钢板治疗儿童股骨转子间骨折符合生物力学观点，具有创伤小、手术操作简便、固定牢固、患髋能够早期功能锻炼等优点，是目前较好的固定方法。     

Results of vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting for infected tibial nonunion

Introduction Bone grafting plays a critical role in promoting bone healing in infected nonunion, although recurrent infection is of concern. Cancellous bone grafting as an antibiotic delivery system has been reported as an effective method to combat infections. In this study, we report the clinical results of vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting for the treatment of infected tibial nonunion.Materials and methods Between January 1996 and March 2001, 18 patients with infected tibial nonunion treated with vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting were available for follow-up. According to the Cierny-Mader classification, all patients belonged to type IVA and IVB osteomyelitis. Adequate debridement, stabilization with external fixation, and staged vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting were used in all patients. Regular clinical and radiographic follow-ups were conducted.Results Infection control was obtained in all 18 patients with a 100% infection arrest rate. Bone union was achieved in 13 of 18 patients at an average of 5.8 months. Bone union was obtained subsequently in the remaining five patients after closed nailing in four, and plating and bone grafting in one patient. Radiographs showed good consolidation and hypertrophy of grafted bone at an average follow-up of 48 months.Conclusion We conclude that vancomycin-impregnated cancellous bone grafting is a safe method for the treatment of infected tibial nonunion.     

股骨近端锁定钢板治疗不稳定股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨股骨近端锁定钢板治疗不稳定股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法对27例不稳定型股骨转子间骨折患者采用股骨近端锁定钢板内固定。结果 27例均获随访,时间4~18个月。1例出现髋内翻畸形。26例均获骨性愈合,愈合时间4~7个月。末次随访时髋关节功能按Harris评分标准评定:优14例,良9例,可3例,差1例。结论股骨近端锁定钢板内固定治疗不稳定股骨转子间骨折具有创伤小、并发症少、内固定可靠、骨折愈合率高等优点,适用于不稳定型股骨转子间骨折,特别是伴有骨质疏松症患者。     

136例老年高能量股骨转子间骨折的临床治疗分析

目的明确高能量股骨转子间骨折对老年患者的影响。方法高能量创伤老年患者319例,排除伴有外伤性脑损伤及伴有神经症状的脊柱损伤患者。分为骨折组及对照组:骨折组136例,有股骨转子间骨折,平均年龄(70.84±8.06)岁。对照组183例,无股骨转子间骨折,平均年龄(69.09±7.64)岁。记录患者的住院死亡率,6个月及1年死亡率,并发症,ICU时间,住院时间,出院情况,伴随骨折,手术干预情况。采用x~2检验、Fisher's精确概率法、t检验、KaplanMeier评估法以及Cox回归分析对数据进行分析。结果两组间住院死亡率、6个月死亡率、1年死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。高能量股骨骨折的老年患者并发症增加(P0.05),多伴有长骨骨折(P0.05)和非长骨骨折(P0.05),更多需要外科手术治疗(P0.05),住院时间较长(P0.05),两组患者平均ICU天数相似。结论高能量股骨转子间骨折增加了老年患者的并发症发生率,但并没有增加死亡率。对这一群体,伴随损伤可能发挥着更为重要的作用。     

利用天鹅记忆接骨器改进植骨方式治疗骨不连134例

目的 探索改进四肢骨不连的植骨新方法。方法 根据镍钛形状记忆接骨器的特点，设计以夹板式、加垫式、播种式为特征的有效植骨方法。共治疗134例148根四肢骨不连。结果 术后随访5．5月～6年，平均2．25年。术后平均3．5个月，骨不连端呈类板样骨性愈合。骨折愈合率99．3％。结论 作改进的有效植骨方式为治疗骨不连提供了一种新而有效的方法。     

经椎弓根椎体植骨及AF内固定治疗重度胸腰椎压缩性骨折

目的：探讨经椎弓根椎体植骨在重度胸腰椎压缩骨折中的作用和远期疗效．方法：采用经椎弓根椎体植骨，AF系统复位、内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折32例，术前、术后及随访时摄X线检查，测量观察椎体高度有无丢失，内固定有无断裂、松动情况发生。结果：全部随访病例未出现明显的椎体高度的再丢失，无一例发生内固定断裂、松动。结论：重度胸腰椎压缩骨折经椎弓根椎体植骨、AF内固定后，可恢复伤椎椎体高度，重建前中柱的稳定性，防止术后椎体的再丢失和内固定的松动、断裂。     

手术治疗股骨髁上骨不连26例疗效分析

股骨髁上骨折骨不连是一种由高能量暴力导致的股骨髁至股骨干骺端的严重并发症。据国外相关资料报道,股骨髁上骨折后骨不连的发生率约为3.8%^[1]。至今仍是骨科治疗难题,其治疗效果往往难以令人满意。笔者收集本院自1997年6月至2007年6月26例股骨髁上骨不连患者,采用动力髁螺钉（dynamic condylar screw,DCS）加自体髂骨移植治疗取得了满意的疗效,报告如下。     

动力髋螺钉固定股骨转子间骨折的有限元分析

目的研究后内侧骨折块对股骨转子间骨折动力髋螺钉(DHS)固定后的生物力学影响。方法利用股骨CT数据建立一组股骨近端的三维有限元模型,在此基础上制作股骨转子间骨折累及小转子和内侧骨皮质的骨折模型,对骨折模型进行DHS固定,并对DHS固定模型进行有限元分析。结果股骨转子间骨折累及单纯小转子骨折后,股骨内侧皮质应力和外侧DHS钢板所承受的应力大小无明显变化。当累及1/2内侧皮质时,内侧应力升高约28%,外侧DHS钢板所承受的应力升高约9%;当内侧皮质完全累及时,前内侧皮质的交界处应力升高约125%,外侧DHS钢板所承受的应力升高约96%。结论股骨转子间骨折伴单纯小转子骨折可以不予固定;而当内侧皮质累及时,无论是累及1/2还是累及全部内侧骨皮质,均需复位固定后内侧骨皮质。     

Comparison of complications and functional results of unstable intertrochanteric fractures of femur treated with proximal femur nails and cemented hemiarthroplasty

A prospective, comparative study was done over a period of 3 years to compare the complications and functional results of two treatment modalities of unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur in the elderly; i.e closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) with proximal femur nail (PFN) and primary cemented hemireplacement arthroplasty (HRA) with bipolar prosthesis. 100 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures of femur were studied over a period of 3 years. 50 patients underwent CRIF with PFN and 50 patients were treated with primary cemented hemireplacement arthroplasty with bipolar prosthesis. Harris Hip score analysis revealed that the difference between the patients treated with cemented hemiarthroplasty and proximal femoral nailing was statistically significant in favour of the hemiarthroplasty group within the first 3 months. However, this difference diminished at the 6th month time point and reversed at the 12 month time point indicating a better functional outcome of Proximal Femur Nail in the long term. Although cemented hemireplacement arthhroplasty allows early pain free mobilization and has a good short term outcome, over time it is associated with a variety of complications which significantly affects quality of life of patients. On the other hand, although patients treated with PFN had delayed post op mobilization, they had better results when followed up at 1 year post surgery.     

治疗胫骨骨折不愈合的正中植骨方法介绍

引起胫骨骨折不愈合的原因较多,主要有局部感染、软组织缺损、骨缺损、骨折对位不良、骨端髓腔闭塞以及损伤的严重程度等。正中植骨方法(Central bone grafting)治疗选择性胫骨骨折不愈合优于其他治疗方法,并发症较低。该方法采用外侧入路,经腓骨的前侧进入,将取自髂骨的新鲜自体骨植在胫腓骨之间和胫骨不愈合平面的上下端。应用内固定有利于纠正骨折畸形和促进骨折愈合。正中植骨技术是治疗胫骨不愈合安全有效的方法。     

不同方法治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效分析

目的比较3种不同偏心型内固定方法治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的疗效。方法对70例〉65岁股骨转子间骨折患者进行手术治疗,24例采用股骨近端锁定解剖板（A组）,23例采用动力髋螺钉（DHS,B组）,23例采用倒置对侧股骨远端锁定板（C组）。比较3组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后负重时间及随访时Sanders评分结果和并发症情况。结果术中出血量、住院时间、术后负重时间3组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。随访6~36个月,A、B、C组Sanders评分优良率分别为：75.0%、78.2%、91.3%。C组优良率和手术时间与A、B组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。A组髋内翻2例、断钉断板1例;B组髋内翻2例、头钉入口处再骨折1例;C组未出现严重并发症。结论老年股骨转子间骨折采用倒置对侧股骨远端锁定板内固定,优于股骨近端锁定板和DHS,其手术时间短、创伤小、固定牢靠、负重早、并发症少。     

老年股骨转子间骨折治疗的若干问题及思考

正股骨转子间骨折是老年人常见的髋部骨折类型之一,约占全身所有骨折类型的3%～4%[1]。股骨转子间骨折患者多伴有不同程度的骨质疏松,保守治疗手段带来快速骨丢失、肺炎、褥疮和血栓等不良事件发生,目前实际应用相对较少[2]。对于老年股骨转子间骨折患者,早期手术治疗已经成为广泛认知,手术有助于缓解疼痛与早期功能锻炼,减少卧床相关并发症的风险[3]。