心血管疾病戒烟干预中国专家共识

吸烟是心血管疾病的独立危险因素,并且也是患者唯一能够自我控制的致病因素。许多心血管医生已经认识到吸烟的危害和戒烟干预的重要性,但尚缺乏相应的戒烟知识和戒烟技巧。本共识通过全面总结吸烟的危害和戒烟的益处,     

心房纤维化及重构与房颤发展的新视点

房颤的发生源于心脏电生理改变和心房结构重塑的共同作用。心房纤维化是一个有害的过程,会引起细胞外基质沉积与降解失衡及成纤维细胞的过度增值等。早期研究显示,心室纤维化会引起心室壁进行性硬化,进而引起心室功能不全和充血性心力衰竭。但随后的研究突出显示了心房纤维化与房颤的关系,与瓣膜病、高血压和老龄化的关系。     

以肠梗阻为首要表现的胆囊十二指肠瘘1例

病例：患者女,86岁,因＂间断腹痛、呕吐5 d＂于2010年12月23日就诊于我院消化内科。患者入院前5 d无明显诱因下出现上腹部疼痛,呈间断性发作,伴恶心、呕吐胃内容物,1~2次/d,约50 ml/次。患者发病期间无排便、排气,无发热、呕血,小便正常。门诊行腹部立位平片示,肠梗阻（见图1）。患者既往有胆囊结石病史20余年,曾于2010年9月28日行上腹部CT检查示,胆囊结石,胆囊壁增厚（见图2）。遂以肠梗阻、慢性胆囊炎收治入院。     

海捷亚对原发性高血压的降压疗效及对左心室肥厚的影响

近年来,大量流行病学研究证明,高血压并发左心室肥厚（LVH）是增加心力衰竭、心肌梗死、心律失常、猝死等心血管事件的独立危险因素。研究证实,有效的抗高血压治疗是预防心血管事件的主要措施。对单一抗高血压药治疗未能达到目标降压的高血压患者主张联合用药或用复方制剂。     

Cronkhite-Canada综合征1例

病例：患者男,65岁,因“间断腹胀、腹泻2年余,皮肤瘙痒1年余”于2009年8月21日入院。患者于2007年5月无明显诱因出现腹胀、腹泻,大便4—5次／d,黄色不成形,症状时轻时重,自行服用地衣芽孢杆菌活菌颗粒（商品名：整肠生）、蒙脱石散（商品名：思密达）后缓解,此后间断发作;     

中国女性心血管疾病预防专家共识

心血管疾病是当今威胁女性健康和生命的主要疾病,是导致中国女性死亡的首位原因。1999年,美国心脏病协会（AHA）第一次发表的女性心血管病预防建议,提高了美国民众对女性心血管疾病的公众意识,并促进了预防和治疗的进步。2007年,心血管疾病每分钟仍会导致一名美国女性死亡。2011年,AHA对女性心血管病预防指南进行了更新,并将“循证为基础”转化为“效果为基础”的指南,更加关注预防治疗的有效性。     

医师提供人文医学服务探究——不同医学模式的医疗服务差异性分析

近些年来,社会上呼唤人文医学或人文医生的声音很响,似乎而今的医疗服务使社会大众难于接受。对此,我们复习研究了许多相关文献,从远古时代的神灵主义医学模式发展到今天的生物一心理一社会医学模式各时段的医疗服务。这一文献复习始于朱宗涵教授于2001年在北京地区会议上讲话时提出的“人文医学”这一概念。     

美国肝病学会儿科肝移植患者长期医学管理实践指南推荐意见

<正>美国肝病学会(AASLD)与美国移植学会近期发布了关于儿科肝移植(liver transplantation,LT)患者的长期医学管理指南,同时北美儿科胃肠病学会也批准了这项指南。在此对指南的推荐意见进行翻译,以供临床参考。建议分级参考表1。     

血清瘦素与相关疾病

血清瘦素为脂肪组织分泌的具有内分泌激素特性的脂肪细胞因子,参与人体能量平衡的调节。近年来的研究显示,瘦素与某些疾病的发生、发展密切相关。现就瘦素的生物学特性及其与相关疾病的关系进行综述。     

慢性乙型肝炎防治指南（2010年版）

为规范慢性乙型肝炎的预防、诊断和治疗,中华医学会肝病学分会和感染病学分会于2005年组织国内有关专家制定了《慢性乙型肝炎防治指南》[1]。近5年来,国内外有关慢性乙型肝炎的基础和临床研究取得很大进展,为此我们对该指南进行更新。     

结肠套细胞淋巴瘤1例

病例：患者男,57岁,因＂间断腹部不适伴排便次数增多半年.间断血便1个月＂于2010年10月20日由门诊收入北京友谊医院消化内科。患者入院前半年起无明显诱因出现间断腹部不适,排便次数增多,每日4～5次,粪质软,色黄,无水样便,未予重视。     

溃疡性结肠炎并发坏疽性脓皮病1例

病例:患者女,52岁,因"反复腹泻伴下腹痛2个月,加重半个月"于2007年8月21日收治入院。患者于2个月前无明显诱因下出现腹泻,大便呈糊状,偶有鲜血,每日约5～6次。伴有下腹痛,排便后缓解。无畏寒、发热,无里急后重、关节肿痛、皮疹。于外院就诊后间断口服止泻药物治疗     

扩张型心肌病基因组与表型组标记物整合管理进展

扩张型心肌病（DCM）是以左心室扩张伴收缩功能障碍为特征的心脏疾病,常由遗传因素或环境因素（如感染、毒素或儿茶酚胺过量）引发。分子遗传检测可以发现有遗传性DCM危险因素的患者,而表观遗传和标记表型分期可以帮助发现需要干预治疗的高风险患者。表型分期包括临床和影像特征结合、转录组、更高层次的蛋白质组与代谢组的相互作用和流行病学资料。这些原理可以应用于DCM患者其他家族成员的基因检测和临床表型确定,使人们可以针对有相似危险因素的患者设计特异的干预方案,以改变DCM的自然进程,防止并发症[如心力衰竭（HF）／心律失常]的出现。本文综述了从DCM到HF的病因通路、遗传标志物和蛋白标志物的整合管理,也可为其他心血管疾病的基因和表型信息研究提供参照。     

心肌结核的研究进展

心肌结核是由结核分支杆菌直接或间接感染机体引起的一种心脏病,虽然罕见却是引起心脏性猝死（suddencar-diacdeath,SCD）的重要原因之一,尤其是在年轻患者中。心肌结核与SCD有着密切关系,因而对心肌结核的研究除了能够降低人类结核病负担外,还能够降低猝死的发生率,具有重要的临床意义。目前,国内对心脏结核的研究仅仅局限于结核性心肌炎,而且缺乏大样本的基础实验和临床研究。故而本综述拟对心肌结核的国内外研究做一简要总结,主要阐述其发病机制、临床表现、病理和影像学及治疗等。     

Adherence to surveillance guidelines for dysplasia and colorectal carcinoma in ulcerative and Crohn＇s colitis patients in the Netherlands

AIM： To study adherence to the widely accepted surveillance guidelines for patients with long-standing colitis in the Netherlands. METHODS： A questionnaire was sent to all 244 gastroenterologists in the Netherlands. RESULTS： The response rate was 63%. Of all gastroenterologists, 95% performed endoscopic surveillance in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients and 65% in patients with Crohn＇s colitis. The American Gastroenterological Association （AGA） guidelines were followed by 27%, while 27% and 46% followed their local hospital protocol or no specific protocol, respectively. The surveillance was correctly initiated in cases of pancolitis by 53%, and in cases of left-sided colitis by 44% of the gastroenterologists. Although guidelines recommend 4 biopsies every 10 cm, less than 30 biopsies per colonoscopy were taken by 73% of the responders. Only 31%, 68% and 58% of the gastroenterologists referred patients for colectomy when low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia （HGD） or Dysplasia Associated Lesion or Mass （DALM） was present, respectively. CONCLUSION： Most Dutch gastroenterologists perform endoscopic surveillance without following international recommended guidelines. This practice potentially leads to a decreased sensitivity for dysplasia, rendering screening for colorectal cancer in this population highly ineffective.     

A Seven-year Experience for The Surgical Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Objective A 7-year experience for the treatment strategy using mono- and bi-polar radiofrequency （RF） ablation procedures in a heterogeneous group of patients was reported. Methods Between July 2003 and May 2009, the data of 314 consecutive patients aged 13 -75 （48.70 ± 11.09 ）undergone the radiofrequency ablation procedure for atrial fibrillation （AF） associated with concomitant cardiac surgery were analyzed. Monopolar was used for 91 patients; Medtronic bi-polar RF ablation procedure for 92 patients and Atricure RF ablation procedure for 131 patients. All patients were combined with valve surgery. Regular follow-ups were performed at 3, 6 month after surgery. Results Hospital mortality after combined open heart and surgical RF ablation was 0 %. The success rates for sinus rhythm conversion with monopolar RF were 73.6 % immediately, 74. 7 % at 3 months, 79. 1% at 6 months ; with Medtronic bi- polar RF, the rates were 78.3 % immediately, 82. 8 % at 3 months, 84 % at 6 months ; with Atricure bi-polar RF, the rates were 82. 4 % immediately, 84. 1% at 3 months, 83.9 % at 6 months. Conclusions The use of RF ablation procedures is a safe and efficient option to cure AF during open heart surgery in a selective group of patients.     

Ministernotomy for minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting

Background Through a ministernotomy ＂J shaped approach, left internal mammary artery （LIMA） bypass grafting to the left anterior descending artery （LAD） can be performed safely off-pump. To achieve a complete revascularization, percutaneous coronary interventions （PCI） with drug eluting stent implantation to other coronary arteries was used. We reported outcomes of the treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease with minimally invasive coronary artery bypass （MICAB） and PCI. Methods Between January 2009 and Dec 2012, 14 patients （11 males, 3 females, mean age was 64.8 _ 10.1 years. Two-vessel disease account for 35.7% （5/14） of these patients, three-vessel disease 64.2% （9/14） （Table 1）. All patients underwent a minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting via mini-sternotomy ＂J＂ shaped approach. Seven patients were followed by PCI, 7 for obtuse marginal circumflex, 5 for right coronary artery （RCA）. Angiographic assessment of graft patency was performed in all patients during the PCI procedure. The clinical follow-up period lasts from 11-24 months. Results The in-hospital mortality was 0%. There was neither conversion to a full median sternotomy nor intraoperative complications. Ventilation time was 6.6 ＋_ 4.1 h. Blood loss ranged 341 ＋_ 78.8 mL. ICU stay ranged 22.3 _ 12.8 h. Hospital postoperative stay lasted for 6.5 ＋ 1.6 days. Prior to PCI patients showed 100% patent left internal mammary artery. One patient had mediastinitis （Tables 2-3）. Rate of freedom from cardiac reintervention during the follow-up period was 92.8% （13/14）. Conclusions The inferior J-shaped sternotomy is simple, reproducible, and the safest technique for performing minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery. MICAB ＋ PCI is also safe, feasible and efficacious.     

New Perspectives on Pharmacological Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation

Despite the huge development of radiofrequency catheter ablation, surgical operation, pacemaker implantation, and drug therapy remains the first line treatment of atrial fibrillation. Several new anti-arrhythmic drugs and anticoagulation drugs have come out recently, and have made the drug therapy of atrial fibrillation a more promising choice. This article provides a contemporary highlight on the new anti-arrhythmic agents of atrial fibrillation. （ S Chin J Cardiol 2009 ; 10 （4） ： 244 - 249 ）     

复杂危重病例抢救成功一例

1病例资料 患者男性,63岁,长期居住在养老院,主因“咳嗽、咳痰伴气喘2天,意识不清3小时”急诊入院。入院前2天养老院工作人员发现患者出现间断性咳嗽伴咳黄痰,痰黏稠不易咳出,咳嗽剧烈时出现严重气喘。3小时前出现意识不清,     

血栓抽吸联合替罗非班成功抢救风心双瓣置换术后并发急性大面积心肌梗死一例

冠状动脉粥样硬化基础上斑块破裂继发血栓形成是导致急性心肌梗死（AMI）的主要原因,而冠状动脉栓塞引起的AMI临床上却罕见。现报道经导管血栓吸出术联合欣维宁治疗风湿性心脏病双瓣置换术后继发冠状动脉栓塞引起急性心肌梗死1例,取得良好效果,并对相关文献作一回顾。