An Experimental Study on the Flexibility of Prevention against Thrombosis Following Mechanical Valve Replacement by tPA Gene Transduction

Objectives Use a gene suture immersed recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator （r-tPA）expression plasmid to transduce myocardia to prevent the thrombosis after mechanical tricuspid valve replacement in pigs. Methods A r-tPA gene plasmid was constructed and conjugated to a novel cationic phosphonolipid and a r-tPA gene suture was made. Eighteen pigs were selected and divided into two groups at randomization. There were 9 pigs in the experimental group and 9 in the control group, all the 18 pigs＇ tricuspids were replaced with mechanical valves. The gene threads were sutured into the right ventricular walls near mechanical valves and an ultrasound was used on the surfaces of the right ventricular walls for the gene transfer in the experimental group. Coagulative function, D-dimer level of the blood and the thrombosis on the surfaces of the valves were observed. Results r-tPA gene plasmid was successfully constructed and r-tPA protein was expressed in the ventricular cells around the gene sutures. D-dimer reached its peak level （ 1.67 ±0. 79） μg · mL^-1 in 1 week after operation in two groups, but it decreased to preoperation level thereafter in control group and kept on the high level and reincreased to a new high level （ 1.89 ± 0.79 ） μg · mL^-1 until the end of the experiment in experimental group. The thromboses around the valves were found in all the control group （100%） but only 1 （ 11.11% ） case in experimental group. There were no changes in prothrombin time pre and post operation in two groups. Conclusions Using gene suture immersed r-tPA expression plasmid to transduce myocardia might be a best substitution for life long anti-coagulation therapy for the patients, who underwent operation.     

Vacuum sealing drainage technique in the treatment of poor healing wounds after heart valve surgery： experience in cardiac nursing

Background Poor wound healing or postoperative infection after open-heart surgery is most commonly seen. If not treated in time or the infection progresses, it can lead to sternal infection, even mediastinal and pericardial infection, causing a higher mortality rate. Vacuum sealing drainage(VSD) is a new technology to promote wound healing. We studied the use of VSD technique in poor wound healing after heart valve surgery to see if it could achieve good therapeutic efficacy. Methods From 2013 October to 2014 October in Guangdong General Hospital, 86 cases of the application of vacuum sealing drainage technique in the treatment of cardiac nonunion after valve replacement in patients with nursing observation. The treatment time, death rate and infection rate, etc were compared. Results Wound healing time of 86 patients receiving vacuum sealing drainage was 14.6 ± 3.6 days, and no patient died. Two patients came back to hospital for repair due to dehiscence of the incision after discharge. Conclusion Nursing observation and drainage management were the key of VSD. VSD technique is worthy to be popularized clinically.     

In Vitro Study on Mesenchymal Stem Cells： Anti-apoptotic Effects on Cardiac Myocytes

Objectives To investigate the anti-apoptotic effects of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） on hypoxic injured cardiac myocytes in vitro. Methods MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats, and cardiac myocytes from neonatal rats. The rat cardiac myocytes were co-cultured with MSCs or MSC-conditioned media in anoxia （95% N2 ±5% CO2） for 72 hours. Cell apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258 staining. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in cardiac myocytes was tested by Western Blot. Results The apoptotic rate was 51.6% ± 2.4% when cardiac myocytes were cultured in continuous hypoxia and was significantly decreased when cardiac myocytes were cocultured with MSCs or MSC-conditioned media （ 15.1% ± 5.4% and 24. 0% ± 4.2% respectively, P 〈 0. 001 ）. The decreased expression of Bax in the cardiac myocytes was greatly related to the decreasing of apoptosis, but there was no difference in Bcl-2 expression among these groups. Conclusions Co-cultured MSCs showed significant anti-apoptotic effects on cardiac myocytes in continuous hypoxia. The mechanism may be the interact of cell to cell and paracrine of cytokines which effected the expression of Bax in the cardiac myocytes.     

经导管主动脉瓣膜植入术:进展与现状

<正>主动脉瓣是左心室通往主动脉的大门,控制血液单向流出左心室。主动脉瓣膜可因种种先天或后天原因而发生狭窄或关闭不全等病变。就主动脉瓣膜狭窄而言,半数以上的患者是由于瓣膜随着年龄而逐渐钙化、变形粘连的退行性病变所导致,此病变在85岁以上的老年人中患病率约4%[1]。通常主动脉瓣膜狭窄的患者会有很长一段时间没有任何症状,因为左心室肌肉会代偿性增厚,勉强维持运作。但随年龄渐长,瓣膜开口逐渐缩小,血流动力学状态     

Changes of Clinical Features of Aortic Dissection Over Ten Years

Objectives To investigate changes of clinical features of aortic dissection （AD） in recent years in Guangzhou. Methods Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients with AD over 10 years in Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute. Demographic features and outcomes in cases presenting with acute dissection were compared between patients admitted in two five-year periods. Results 339 patients with AD were admitted during the recent ten years. Their mean age was 55.7 ± 11.2 years. Male verse female ratio was 4.8. Surgery was performed in 37 % of cases with acute type A and 7 % with acute type B dissection. Apart from a fast increase in number of patients admitted each year, there were no significant changes in demographic characteristics over these ten years. Survival of patients with acute dissection showed a trend of improvement, though it had not been statistically confirmed. Conclusions The number of admitted patients with AD has been fast increasing in Guangzhou. These patients were about ten years younger than previously reported by foreign researchers. Surgery was much less frequently performed than it was in western countries. Survival in acute cases showed a trend of improvement. These data support urgent improvement in prevention and management of aortic dissection.     

两次食管静脉曲张硬化治疗后均发生化脓性胆囊炎1例报告

<正>1病历资料男性,患者,41岁,2007年因乙型肝炎肝硬化、食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血于外院行内镜下食管静脉曲张硬化治疗术,术后患者出现化脓性胆囊炎,经保守治疗后病情缓解。该患者2013年8月因再次"呕血、黑便1 d"入住威海市立医院,本次住院前曾行B超检查:肝硬化,门静脉高压,脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉、下腔静脉肝后段栓塞,胆囊多发结石,胆囊壁厚。住院后随即行相关化验检查,血常规:白细胞(WBC)4.7×109/L,中性粒     

心肌后处理保护机制的研究进展

<正>心肌梗死属冠心病的严重类型,是因冠状动脉血供急性减少或中断,使相应的心肌严重而持久地急性缺血导致的心肌坏死。早期再灌注是挽救缺血心肌的唯一方法,恢复血流灌注可防止梗死面积扩大,保护心脏功能。目前心肌梗死的再灌注治疗主要有溶栓和冠状动脉介入治疗,但再灌注开始的几分钟内,由于细胞内钙超载、三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)合成不足、氧自由基爆发及膜磷脂的缺失而产生不可逆的细胞损害,包括心肌细胞坏死、凋亡,心肌收     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病的饮食治疗

随着高脂肪高热量膳食的盛行、生活节奏的加快和多坐少动生活方式的流行,肥胖、糖尿病及其相关非酒精性脂肪性肝病（Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases,NAFLD）已成为愈来愈重要的慢性非传染性流行病。在重度肥胖症患者中,NAFLD的发病率高达90%,其中20%～30%为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）,高达8%患者已发展至肝硬化阶段。     

呼吸道疾病非典型病原体检测结果分析

目的:了解住院患者呼吸道疾病非典型病原体感染情况,重视非典型病原体感染和防治。方法:对慢性支气管炎、阻塞性肺气肿、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、社区获得性肺炎、支气管哮喘、支气管扩张、肺源性心脏病等呼吸道疾病患者,采用间接免疫荧光法(IFA),检测嗜肺军团菌(LP)、肺炎支原体(MP)、Q热立克次体(QFR)、肺炎衣原体(CP)、腺病毒(ADV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、甲型流感病毒(INF A)、乙型流感病毒(INF B)、副流感病毒(PIVs)等9种病原体IgM。结果:569例慢性支气管炎、阻塞性肺气肿、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、社区获得性肺炎、支气管哮喘、支气管扩张、肺源性心脏病检出非典型病原体例数和感染率分别为:15例(17.0%)、7例(12.5%)、29例(20.0%)、34例(32.1%)、3例(5.2%)、5例(7.8%)、2例(3.8%)。各种呼吸道疾病皆有非典型病原体检出,位居前5位的病原体分别是INF B(28.2%)、MP(24.3%)、INF A(12.5%)、PIVs(10.4%)、LP(9.6%)。各种呼吸道疾病,单一非典型病原体感染61例,感染率64.2%;2种及2种以上混合感染34例,感染率35.8%。结论:各种呼吸道疾病,无论是感染因素所致,还是非感染因素所致,都存在不同种类非典型病原体感染,并且混合感染较多。因此,必须重视呼吸道疾病非典型病原体感染的诊断和治疗,才能有效防治呼吸道疾病。     

《HBV/HCV相关性肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗专家共识》解读

<正>HBV和HCV慢性感染是我国肝细胞癌(HCC)主要的病因,病毒持续高水平复制对HCC患者的预后会产生重大影响。HCC是慢性嗜肝病毒感染的延续,又以肝硬化为基础,临床工作中需要多学科共同参与治疗方案的设计和执行。2013年中华医学会肝病学分会主持制订了《HBV/HCV相关性肝细胞癌抗病毒治疗专家建议》[1],在临床推广过程中受到临床一线相关科室广泛欢迎。之后在吴孟超院士和汤钊猷院士指导下,经     

2014年美国肝病学会和欧洲肝病学会对慢性肝病时肝性脑病实践指南的建议要点

<正>为了提高肝性脑病(HE)的临床研究水平,从而提高对HE患者的管理水平,欧洲肝病学会(EASL)和美国肝病学会(AASLD)联合发布了2014年慢性肝病时HE的实践指南[1],主要面向内科医生需要,给出了对慢性肝病HE成人患者诊断、治疗和预防方面的建议。指南具有一定的灵活性,这一点与处理每一例患者都必须遵守的诊疗规范不同。该指南的推荐意见基于现有文献的支持证据,采用GRADE     

他汀类药物在心房颤动上游治疗中抗炎抗氧化应激作用的研究进展

<正>心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)是临床最常见的心律失常之一,其导致的脑卒中及其他血栓栓塞事件是患者死亡或致残的主要原因。随着AF的发病率越来越高,其对现有的治疗手段也提出了挑战。上游治疗实质上是近年来提出的非抗心律失常药物预防和治疗AF的一种新方法,即针对炎症、氧化应激、离子通道等途径产生影响[1],贯穿于所有类型AF的各个阶段,从而减轻/逆转心房重构,其本质就是AF     

继发性硬化性胆管炎误诊1例

病例：患者女，57岁，主诉皮肤、巩膜黄染1月余于2006年7月19日入院：患者入院前1个月无明显诱因出现皮肤、巩膜黄染症状，无腹痛、发热、恶心、呕吐和皮肤瘙痒症状：查体腹部无异常体征。既往有多囊肝、多囊肾病史。有子宫切除术史、肝囊肿开窗术史。入院后行磁共振胰胆管造影术（MRCP）示：肝囊肿术后，多发肝囊肿，左右肝管增粗、扩张．考虑为肝门部囊肿压迫所致．     

拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯与恩替卡韦单药治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的观察拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯与恩替卡韦单药治疗HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎96周的疗效,以探讨理想的初始抗病毒治疗方案。方法选择HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者86例,随机分为单药治疗组44例和联合治疗组42例,分别给予恩替卡韦或拉米夫定联合阿德福韦酯治疗,观察96 w的疗效。结果在96 w治疗结束时,恩替卡韦治疗患者ALT复常率、血清HBV DNA阴转率和HBeAg阴转率分别为95.5%、84.1%和38.6%,而联合治疗患者则分别为88.1%、42.9%（P〈0.05）和31.0%;两组均无患者血清HBsAg转阴。两组均未发生严重的不良反应。结论应用恩替卡韦单药治疗对于HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎初始抗病毒治疗在96 w时的病毒学应答率显著优于拉米夫定和阿德福韦酯联合治疗。     

骨桥蛋白在冠心病中作用的相关研究

冠心病是心血管系统常见的疾病,其病理生理基础为冠状动脉粥样硬化,其发生发展直接影响冠心病的临床过程.骨桥蛋白（osteoprotein,OPN）最初由矿化的骨基质中分离,参与骨代谢,可介导骨组织细胞与骨基质的连接,因此得名.近年来发现骨桥蛋白作为一种重要的多功能糖蛋白,存在于细胞外基质中,由多种组织及细胞合成和分泌,如肺、骨、肾、肌肉、膀胱及血管平滑肌细胞、巨噬细胞、成纤维细胞、血管内皮细胞、血管上皮细胞等.至今国内外大量研究表明,在血管壁动脉粥样硬化处的内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞内OPN mRNA呈高表达状态,这引起了许多学者对骨桥蛋白在冠心病中作用的研究兴趣.     

高龄胆囊癌肉瘤患者伴发胆囊结石1例报告并文献复习

<正>胆囊癌肉瘤(gallbladder carcinosarcoma)是恶性上皮成分与恶性间叶成分交织混合生长的恶性肿瘤,由Landsteiner[1]于1907年首先报道,其恶性程度高,预后差,临床上极其罕见。本文通过总结我院肝胆外科1例胆囊癌肉瘤的诊治经验,结合相关文献资料,对该病的发生机制、临床表现、影像特征、病理特点、鉴别诊断及预后进行探讨,现报告如下。1病例资料男性患者,82岁,因"反复右上腹疼痛20年,再发1个月"     

原发性淀粉样变性致巨大肝伴高尿酸血症1例报告

<正>1病例资料患者,男性,55岁,主因"腹部胀痛、纳差1个月,症状加重伴双下肢水肿4 d"入院。入院前1个月无明显诱因出现腹部胀痛、纳差,为阵发性隐痛,腹胀呈进行性加重,饮食量较前明显减少,大便干燥,1次/3 d,偶尔大便表面带血,遂到某中心医院住院治疗。肝功能示:ALT 23 U/L,AST 49 U/L,GGT 742 U/L,ALP 295 U/L,白蛋白25.9 g/L。腹部CT:(1)肝脏肿胀,脾稍大;(2)脾脏边缘中     

机采血小板采集失败的原因分析及处理措施

目的:通过对机采血小板采集失败原因的分析,探讨采取合适的措施,降低机采血小板采集的失败率,避免或降低对献血者的伤害,降低机采血小板的成本。方法:对2005-2012年机采血小板采集失败情况进行统计,并对其各种原因进行分析。结果:其间机采血小板采集失败共计68例,失败率为0.31%。具体原因有血小板冲红,脂肪血,采血部位血肿,献血反应,溶血等。其他与耗材安装不到位,耗材质量(扭曲,渗漏),机器故障等有关。结论:对机采血小板采集失败等原因进行细化分析,总结经验,有利于在以后的工作各环节中有效的处理和规避,不仅有效地减少血液报废比率,降低机采血小板成本,也为献血者的安全和临床用血质量提供了有力的保障。