中山市2008—2012年公共场所卫生监测结果分析

目的了解中山市公共场所卫生状况,针对统计结果提出改善公共场所卫生质量的预防控制建议。方法根据《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》和《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》对中山市2008—2012年公共场所委托监测的室内空气和公共卫生用品结果进行统计分析。结果中山市2008—2012年公共场所环境监测339 464项次,总合格率为95.14%;2008年的监测合格率最低,为93.45%;美容美发环境监测的合格率最高,为99.48%;候车室的环境监测合格率最低,为84.82%;温度、相对湿度和噪声的合格率较低,分别为89.13%、86.44%和74.36%;商场和候诊室噪声的合格率仅为44.90%和46.15%;公共卫生用品细菌总数和大肠菌群的检测合格率分别为97.54%和99.64%。结论中山市公共场所卫生质量总体情况较好,但需加强对商场、候诊室和候车室的监管力度;影响中山市公共场所卫生质量的主要因素有噪声、温度和相对湿度。     

2008—2012年中山市公共场所卫生状况监测结果

目的通过了解中山市公共场所卫生状况,为加强公共场所卫生监督监测工作提供依据。方法依照《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》《公共场所卫生标准》和《公共场所用品卫生标准》,对中山市2008—2012年公共场所委托监测的结果进行统计分析。结果 2008—2012年中山市共开展公共场所室内环境监测365 737项次,合格率94.15%;其中以2010年监测合格率最低,为93.36%;候车室的监测合格率最低,为90.92%;温度、相对湿度、照度、噪声的合格率较低,分别为85.61%、75.65%、88.83%、85.30%。公共场所公共卫生用品大肠菌群合格率（99.43%）高于细菌总数合格率（97.29%）;文娱场所的细菌总数合格率最低,为93.39%。结论需加强候车室、文娱场所的卫生监管力度,加强公共场所从业人员的培训,提高全市公共场所的卫生水平。     

2008-2012年中山市旅店业卫生监测结果分析

目的了解中山市旅店业卫生状况,提高旅店业卫生质量。方法根据《公共场所卫生监测技术规范》和《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》对中山市2008-2012年旅店业委托监测的室内环境和公共卫生用品结果进行统计分析。结果中山市2008-2012年旅店业环境监测92 661项次,总合格率为96.67%;2010年的监测合格率最低,为95.59%;噪声、温度和相对湿度的合格率相对较低,分别为85.24%、91.45%和92.28%;公共卫生用品检测了76 244份,总合格率为98.83%;公共卫生用品细菌总数和大肠菌群的检测合格率分别为98.58%和99.94%。结论中山市旅店业卫生质量总体情况较好,影响中山市旅店业卫生质量的主要因素有噪声、温度和湿度。     

大连市2006-2009年公共场所公用物品卫生状况分析

目的:了解大连市公共场所卫生状况,提高公共场所卫生质量。方法:依照《公共场所卫生检验标准检验方法》进行检验,对大连市2006-2009年公共场所公用物品监测的结果进行统计分析。结果:2006-2009年共检测公共场所公用物品3928件,总合格率为90.22%;2006年合格率最低,为84.28%。公共卫生用品大肠菌群、细菌总数和霉菌的监测合格率分别为98.83%、91.43%和82.75%,大肠菌群的合格率显著高于细菌总数和霉菌的合格率。结论:加强拖鞋的卫生监管力度,提高全市公共场所的卫生水平。     

滁州市公共场所卫生监测结果及分析

目的：了解滁州市公共场所卫生管理现状，分析影响公共场所卫生质量的主要因素，为提高公共场所卫生管理水平提供依据。方法；按照《公共场所卫生标准监测检验技术规范》要求，对滁洲市97家公共场所进行卫生监测。结果：滁州市不同行业公共场所的公共用品，金黄色葡萄球菌检测合格率均为100％，客房公共用品菌落总数合格率为91．8％，大肠菌群合格率98．6％。美容美发工具菌落总数合格率84．4％，大肠菌群合格率100％。文化娱乐场所用品菌落总数合格率51．5％，大肠菌群合格率89．4％。洗浴场所公共用品菌落总数合格率75．8％，大肠菌群合格率88．3％。商场（店）、宾馆（旅社）空气质量明显优于美容美发和文化娱乐场所。结论：滁洲市公共场所卫生状况不容乐观，卫生部门要加强监督监测的力度和现场卫生技术指导。     

中山市美容美发行业卫生状况及检测结果分析

目的:了解中山市美容美发店卫生状况,为卫生监督监测和相应技术指导提供依据。方法:随机抽取2008年中山市美发店494家、美容店131家公共用品卫生检测资料进行分析。结果:美发业毛巾细菌总数合格率84.87%低于美容业91.02%;美发业公共用品大肠菌群合格率89.00%低于美容业98.15%;其中毛巾污染情况存在季节差异,春季最为严重,使用消毒剂清洗后,毛巾细菌总数和大肠菌群合格率显著高于机械清洁(P0.001)。结论:中山市美容美发公共用品卫生存在一些隐患,应加强卫生监督和相应技术指导。     

2016年雨城区公共场所用品用具微生物检测结果分析

目的 了解雅安市雨城区2016年公共场所用品用具消毒效果情况,为采取有针对性改善措施提供依据.方法 按照《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》(GB/T 18204.4—2013),对雨城区2016年公共场所的茶具、床上卧具(枕套、被套、床单)、毛巾、理发工具等进行细菌总数、大肠菌群、致病菌检测并分析.结果 公共场所用品总合格率为99.16%,美容美发、公共浴室(洗浴足浴)、旅店住宿、文化娱乐场所用品消毒合格率分别为100.00%、99.48%、99.25%、97.68%;床上卧具、毛巾、杯具细菌总数合格率分别为99.78%、99.03%、95.87%,床上卧具、毛巾、杯具大肠菌群合格率分别为99.12%、99.03%、96.86%.结论 雨城区公共场所消毒合格率较高,但文化娱乐场所及杯具类样品监测合格率最低,今后应有针对性的加强文化娱乐强场所和杯具用品的卫生消毒管理.     

安徽省级直管单位公共场所卫生学调查

目的　了解安徽省省级直管单位公共场所卫生管理现状 ,探索提高公共场所卫生管理水平的策略。方法　查阅资料。并按照《公共场所卫生标准监测检验方法》 ,随机抽取客房、会议室、美容美发厅采样。卫生指标评价按《中华人民共和国国家标准公共场所卫生标准》进行。结果　安徽省省级 6家直管单位均持有有效公共场所卫生许可证 ,直接为顾客服务的从业人员持有有效预防性健康体检 /卫生培训合格证上岗率为97.1 %。客房公共用品细菌总数合格率 96 .7% ,大肠菌群检测合格率 95 .8% ,致病菌检测合格率 92 .4 %。美容美发工具细菌总数合格率 75 .0 % ,大肠菌群检测合格率 5 8.0 % ,金黄色葡萄球菌检测合格率 1 0 0 .0 %。会议室细菌总数合格率为 72 .1 %。空气质量、微小气候、噪声、照度均合格。结论　公共场所卫生状况总体良好。应关注从业人员流动频繁、共同用品数量不足等问题 ,加强现场卫生技术指导 ,加大执法监督力度     

2018—2021年沈阳市公共场所微生物监测结果分析

目的 分析2018—2021年沈阳市公共场所影响公众健康的微生物监测结果。方法 按照《公共场所卫生检验方法》(GB/T 18204.3～5-2013),2018—2021年分别对沈阳市美容店、宾馆、沐浴场所、理发店、游泳馆、健身馆、候车室、超市共8类公共场所进行微生物监测,检测项目为细菌总数、真菌总数、大肠菌群、金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜肺军团菌、耐热大肠菌群。依照《公共场所卫生指标及限值要求》(GB 37488-2019)等进行结果判断。结果 2018—2021年共监测沈阳市8类公共场所196家,微生物样品7 856份,总体合格率为95.93%。其中,室内空气细菌总数和真菌总数合格率分别为89.87%和93.30%。公共卫生用品菌落总数、真菌总数、大肠菌群和金黄色葡萄菌合格率分别为92.26%、90.00%、96.47%和98.65%。公共用水中,宾馆空调冷却塔冷却水嗜肺军团菌、游泳池水和浴池水合格率分别为100%、90.28%和83.33%。结论 2018—2021年沈阳市公共场所中超市购物车合格率低,属于公共卫生的薄弱环节,建议应加大监督力度,保障购物安全。     

2019-2020年深圳市南山区公共场所卫生监测分析

目的 了解深圳市南山区公共场所卫生状况,保障公共场所的公共卫生安全,并对存在问题提出针对性的控制措施。方法 对2019-2020年深圳市南山区取得卫生许可证并且正常营业的公共场所进行卫生学监测和评价。结果共监测公共场所数151家,合格122家,合格率80.79%;监测空气质量样本253份,合格率99.21%;公共用品用具1 424份,合格率为96.42%;公共用品用具的不同监测指标中,细菌总数指标合格率较低,为99.51%;各类公共场所公共用品用具监测结果中,住宿及文化娱乐场所公共用品用具不合格指标为细菌总数和pH值,合格率分别为98.93%和70.91%;美容美发场所不合格指标为细菌总数和pH值,合格率分别为99.16%和85.29%;各类公共用品用具监测结果中,棉织品合格率最低,为78.86%。结论 深圳市南山区公共场所卫生状况总体情况良好,但仍存在一些问题,建议各经营单位规范自身卫生行为,卫生监督部门应加强卫生宣传力度和提供针对性的专业指导,对洗涤消毒公司进行监管。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.