恶性淋巴瘤危险因素病例对照研究

[目的]探讨恶性淋巴瘤发病的危险因素。[方法]采用1：2配比病例对照研究的方法，对南通市及其周围地区48例经细胞学或病理学确诊的恶性淋巴瘤患者及96例对照进行问卷调查，相关资料采用条件Logistic回归分析。[结果]三废污染（OR=3.07,90%CI1.23-7.67)、有机溶剂（OR=3.88,90%CI1.18-13.97)、避孕药（OR=2.26,90%CI1.15-6.60)、家族肿瘤史（OR=17.30,90%CI4.42-57.66)和饮酒（OR=0.66,90%CI 0.43-1.00)与恶性淋巴瘤的发病有关。[结论]三废污染、有机溶剂、避孕药和家族肿瘤史可能是恶性淋巴瘤的危险因素，而少量饮酒可以降低恶性淋巴瘤的发病危险性。     

中国人群胃癌发病影响因素的Meta分析

目的:运用Meta分析的方法探讨中国人群胃癌发病的影响因素,为我国胃癌的预防控制提供参考依据。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、中国学术期刊全文数据库（CNKI）、万方数据库（WANFANG）及维普数据库（VIP）,收集2000年1月至2020年12月公开发表的关于中国人群胃癌发病影响因素的相关文献,并利用Stata16.0软件对纳入的文献进行分析。结果:共纳入45篇文献,均为病例对照研究,累计病例10 643例,对照14 073例。各影响因素的合并OR值及95%CI如下:吸烟（2.34,2.04~2.67）、慢性胃病史（4.40,3.68~5.24）、肿瘤家族史（2.98,2.49~3.56）、常吃蔬菜（0.29,0.24~0.36）、不良情绪（1.85,1.62~2.11）、常吃腌制食品（3.09,2.58~3.71）、进食不规律（3.06,2.32~4.05）、常吃烫食（1.87,1.61~2.16）、常饮茶（0.38,0.32~0.45）、常饮（1.76,1.51~2.05）、高盐饮食（2.53,2.14~2.99）、常吃葱姜蒜（0.56,0.48~ 0.65）、幽门螺杆菌感染（3.30,2.67~4.10）、常吃水果（0.49,0.40~0.60）、进食速度快（3.36,2.83~3.99）、常吃烤制食品（2.64,2.02~3.44）、常吃豆类食品（0.66,0.56~0.78）、常吃油炸食品（2.82,1.94~4.09）、常吃干硬食物（1.98,1.40~2.78）、常吃霉变食品（4.94,3.24~7.54）。结论:吸烟、慢性胃病史、肿瘤家族史、不良情绪、常吃腌制食品、进食不规律、常吃烫食、常饮酒、高盐饮食、幽门螺杆菌感染、进食速度快、常吃烤制食品、常吃油炸食品、常吃干硬食物、常吃霉变食品为中国人群胃癌发病的危险因素。常吃蔬菜、常饮茶、常吃葱姜蒜、常吃水果、常吃豆类食品为胃癌发病的保护因素。     

中国女性乳腺癌危险因素的Meta分析

[目的]评价中国女性乳腺癌部分危险因素的作用,探讨乳腺癌的病因。[方法]运用Meta分析方法对我国1996～2006年间公开发表的有关乳腺癌危险因素病例对照研究的12篇文献资料进行定量综合分析。[结果]各因素合并OR值分别为：初潮年龄OR=1．5401（95％CI：1．3437～1．7654）;哺乳OR=0．6837（95％CI：0．4779—0．9782）;口服避孕药OR=1．3278（95％CI：1．0627—1．6589）;良性乳腺疾病史OR=2．6180（95％CI：2．0275—3．3804）;吸烟OR=1．8576（95％CI：1．5394—2．2415）;饮酒OR=0．8137（95％CI：0．6196～1．0686）;饮茶OR=0．8625（95％CI：0．7646～0．9728）。[结论]初潮年龄、口服避孕药、良性乳腺疾病史及吸烟是乳腺癌发生的危险因素,哺乳及饮茶则是乳腺癌的保护因素。     

海南省恶性淋巴瘤危险因素病例对照研究

[目的]探讨海南省恶性淋巴瘤发病的危险因素。[方法]调查156例经病理确诊的恶性淋巴瘤患者和106例同性别、年龄相差上下不超过5岁的健康人。数据采用条件Logistic回归单因素和多因素逐步同归分析。[结果]与恶性淋巴瘤发病相关的因素有：乙型肝炎病毒感染（OR=1．851，95％可信区间1．075～3．189），慢性炎症持续时间（OR=1．794，95％可信区间1．416～2．273），经济状况（OR=0．401，95％可信区间0．243～0．660）。[结论]乙型肝炎病毒感染及慢性炎症持续时间长可增加患恶性淋巴瘤的危险性；而经济状况好则为保护因素。     

卵巢癌危险因素的Meta分析

目的:探讨卵巢癌发病的可能危险因素及致病机制.方法:计算机检索CBMdisc、CNKI、雏普及万方电子数据库,手工检索相关杂志.由2位评价者独立检索和提取资料并交叉核对,纳入研究卵巢癌危险因素的相关病例对照试验.Meta分析软件是Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan5.0.结果:共纳入病例对照试验9个,包括3 169例患者,其中病例组1 320例,对照组1 849例.Meta分析结果显示,初潮年龄、初产年龄、痛经史、不孕史、恶性肿瘤家族史、大便不规律史及负性生活事件是卵巢癌发病的危险因素;足月妊娠史、多孕史、多产史、哺乳史、多次流产吏、多次结婚史、避孕药服用史及宫内节育史是卵巢癌发病的保护性因素.结论:卵巢癌主要危险因素包括初潮年龄、初产年龄、痛经史、不孕史、恶性肿瘤家族史、大便不规律史及负性生活事件,足月妊娠史、多孕史、多产史、哺乳史、多次流产史、多次结婚史、避孕药服用史及宫内节育吏是卵巢癌发病的保护性因素.     

结肠癌危险因素的Meta分析

目的 运用系统评价方式探讨结肠癌危险因素,为更好地预防结肠癌提供循证依据。方法 计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据库、维普系列数据库、The Cochrane Library、PubMed、SpringerLink、EBSCO、MEDLINE等数据库,检索文献发表时间为2000年1月1日至2018年10月31日,检索词包括“结肠癌”、“结肠肿瘤”、“结肠组织癌性病变”、“危险因素”及其自由词的病例对照试验相关文献。在尽可能全面地收集相关病例对照试验数据资料的基础上,根据纳入和排除标准,并采用Newcastle Ottawa Scale(NOS)文献质量评价表的评价标准对所提取文献进行质量评价,将得分≥7分(高质量)的文献纳入研究,最后采用RevMan53对其进行Meta分析。结果 13篇文献符合纳入标准,累计病例数和对照数分别为该2 773例和8 117例,经Meta分析结果显示,结肠癌的危险因素为:结肠癌家族史(OR=213,95％CI:158～287)、精神心理问题(OR=150,95％CI:109～205)、低膳食纤维饮食(OR=117,95％CI:094～146)、高脂高蛋白饮食(OR=135,95％CI:111～164)、缺乏运动(OR=116,95％CI:097～138)、消化系统疾病(OR=182,95％CI:131～253)及饮酒(OR=138,95％CI:111～171)。结论 结肠癌家族史、精神心理问题、低食纤维饮食、高脂高蛋白饮食、缺乏运动、消化系统疾病及饮酒是结肠癌的独立危险因素,控制上述因素可以有效降低结肠癌患者的死亡风险。     

中国女性三阴性乳腺癌发病相关因素的Meta分析

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨中国女性三阴性乳腺癌发病相关的危险因素和保护因素。［方法］ 检索Pubmed、Medline、Embase、Cochrane Library、CNKI、VIP和万方数据库收录的所有关于中国女性三阴性乳腺癌发病相关因素的病例对照研究,病例组要求是三阴性乳腺癌,对照组是非三阴性乳腺癌患者。发表时间截止至2017年5月1日。由2位研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价纳入研究的质量,采用Stata 12.0软件进行Meta分析。［结果］ 20个病例对照研究入选,研究总病例数37 273例;病例组6732例,对照组30541例。Meta分析结果显示,初潮年龄、生产次数、体质指数（BMI）、吸烟、流产次数、饮酒、居住地区、生育年龄与三阴性乳腺癌发病无相关性;与非三阴性乳腺癌相比,发病年龄60岁以上者、绝经、肿瘤家族史、不哺乳、服用避孕药、无生育史是三阴性乳腺癌发病的高危因素。亚组分析结果显示：北方地区初潮年龄大于13岁是保护因素,家族史和年龄超过60岁是危险因素。南方地区结果显示不哺乳、家族史、服用避孕药为危险因素。［结论］ 与非三阴性乳腺癌相比,绝经、肿瘤家族史、不哺乳、服用避孕药、无生育史、发病年龄60岁以上者是三阴性乳腺癌发病的危险因素,但受纳入研究的数量和质量的限制,上述结论尚需要进行前瞻性研究予以证实。     

农村食管癌发病危险因素病例对照研究

目的：探讨农村食管癌发病危险因素，方法：采用病例对照研究，调查病例204例，对照397例，采用统一调查表入户调查，应用SAS软件，进行单因素和多因素分析，结果：年龄偏大，文化程度低，人均月收入，BMI低，经常施农药，饮食不规律，进食速度快，嗜咸，嗜辣，经常喝生水，吸烟，饮酒，精刺激史，上消化道疾病史和慢性胃炎等与食管癌发病相关，可增加发病的危险，性，而饮茶，性格开朗和使用冰箱为保护性因素。结论：应针对上述因素采取综合防治措施。     

潮汕地区食管癌高发区危险因素研究

在中国食管癌高发区之一潮汕地区进行了一项大型的病例－对照研究,旨在调查吸烟、饮酒和某些食物因素的食管癌病因学作用。研究包括1248例食管鳞状细胞癌病例及1248例按年龄、性别的对照。观察到每日吸烟量和持续吸烟时间有明显的剂量－效应关系。在调整了职业、居住地、经济收入以及饮酒后,与不吸烟者相比较,重度吸烟者（≥30支／日）的相对危险度为10以上。吸烟与饮酒之间存在着相乘方式的交互作用,与轻度吸烟和饮酒者比较,重度吸烟和饮酒者的相对危险度为34．1。戒烟有明显的保护作用,戒烟的时间有剂量－效应关系。     

Risk factors for cerebral glioma in adults: a case-control study in an Italian population

Summary A case-control study on risk factors for cerebral tumors was conducted on an adult Italian population by the four Neurosurgical Departments of the Veneto Region, i.e. Padua, Treviso, Verona and Vicenza. The study recruited 195 cases of histologically-confirmed cerebral glioma. One hospital control was selected for each case. Cases and controls were matched for age, sex, date of hospitalization and residence. Information on both cases and controls was obtained from a relative. Uninvolved interviewers administered a structured questionnaire including items on the subject's education, occupation, lifestyle, medical history, exposure to radiation for diagnosis or therapy, head trauma and blood group and the medical history of family members.The series of cerebral tumors was first considered as an indistinct set: none of the risk factors examined showed a statistically significant association. A positive association was found with blood group A (OR = 6) when low-grade astrocytomas (n = 41) were considered separately. As for the malignant astrocytomas (n = 132), there was a suggestive but not statistically significant association with the presence of CNS tumors among first-and second-degree relatives (OR = 7.0).On the whole, this study yielded no clear and meaningful association for the various risk factors analyzed.We are grateful to F. Coburn for her assistance with the English translation.     

Colon Cancer Risk Factors in Jiashan County of Zhe-jiang Province, the Highest Incidence Area in China

OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk factors of colon cancer in Jiashan county, the highest incidence area in China and to provide a scientific basis for monitoring and prevention. METHODS With a population-based case-control study, 109 colon cancer patients with 1:7 matched controls were interviewed with uniform questionnaires. Conditional logistic regression was used for univariate and multivariate analysis of colon cancer. RESULTS High monthly pork consumption (OR=1.608), and high monthly animal fat consumption (OR=1.391) over a ten-year period, psychological depression (OR=9.887), negative emotion (OR=1.723), lower digestivetract diseases (OR=4.163), and history of colorectal cancer in first-degree relatives (OR=3.421) were the main risk factors of colon cancer. During that time, high monthly vegetable consumption was a protective factor for colon cancer (OR=0.422).CONCLUSIONS Colon cancer in Jiashan county was related to dietary factors. The research results support the colon cancer etiological hypothesis of “fat-bile acid“ and “deficiency of dietary fibre“. Psychological depression, in heritance and lower digestive tract diseases were also correlated with colon cancer.     

以人群为基础子宫肌瘤危险因素病例对照研究

目的：探讨妇女子宫肌瘤的患病情况及其危险因素。方法：采用分层随机抽样的方法对沈阳地区1260名女性的子宫肌瘤患病状况进行问卷调查,对113例病例采用1∶2配比病例对照研究方法,探讨子宫肌瘤危险因素。结果：子宫肌瘤患病率为8.97%（113/1 260）,其中40-49岁组的患病率最高为15.29%（65/425）;影响子宫肌瘤发生的危险因素按危险性大小依次为月经紊乱、既往盆腔炎、既往宫颈炎、口服避孕药、既往阴道炎和人工流产史,而月经初潮年龄延迟可能是子宫肌瘤的保护因素。结论：子宫肌瘤发病与月经紊乱、既往盆腔炎、既往宫颈炎、既往阴道炎、口服避孕药和人工流产史有关。有必要针对各种危险因素加强女性健康教育,提高其生殖健康水平。     

Tobacco and alcohol consumption and risk of lymphoma: results of a population-based case-control study in Germany

Changing trends in lifestyle exposures are suggested to be contributing factors to the increasing incidence rates for lymphoma. We investigated the relationship between smoking and alcohol consumption and the risk of lymphoma among adult participants of a population-based case-control study recently conducted in Germany. In 710 case-control pairs, an increased risk of lymphoma was associated with a long duration of smoking (p for trend = 0.01 for men) and smoking of > 20 cigarettes per day(OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.4-5.2 for women). Elevated odds ratios were seen for most lymphoma subentities, albeit mostly without reaching statistical significance. A strong association was evident between smoking and multiple myeloma (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 0.98-5.74 for men; OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.1-7.4 for women) and Hodgkin's lymphoma among men (OR = 3.6; 95% CI = 1.7-7.5). Alcohol consumption 10 years prior to the date of interview appeared to decrease the risk of lymphoma. Odds ratios for men who reported alcohol consumption were 53% lower (95% CI = 0.31-0.71) compared to men who drank very little or no alcohol. The same tendency was evident for women, although the association was less pronounced. The inverse relationship was also seen for low amounts of alcohol and did not appear to be restricted to specific types of beverages. Although biologic rationale for a protective effect of alcohol consumption may be given, a more in-depth analysis involving genetic markers is indicated to clarify if ethanol, other components in alcoholic beverages, or factors associated with moderate drinking reduce lymphoma risk among adults. In conclusion, this investigation suggests a positive association between tobacco smoking and lymphoma risk and finds decreased odds ratios among consumers of alcohol.     

Variation in smoking-related lung cancer risk factors by cell type among men in Argentina: a case-control study

A high mortality rate for lung cancer (62.7 per 100,000) is found in Rosario, Argentina. To investigate the reasons for this high rate, a case-control study was carried out among 215 male cases with histologically confirmed lung cancer and 433 hospitalized controls for conditions unrelated to tobacco consumption. Odds ratios (OR) of squamous cell (SQ), adenocarcinoma (AD), and small cell (SM) carcinoma of the lung associated with different characteristics of the smoking habit were quantified. Ninety-eight percent of the cases had smoked regularly. Smokers were significantly younger at diagnosis than ex-smokers (P<0.0001), a pattern consistent for all cell types. The ORs for the heaviest cf the lowest consumption categories were 15.3 for SQ, 11.6 for AD, and 11.6 for all lung cancer (P<0.0001). Risks associated with the use of unfiltered cigarettes were three to five times higher than those for filtered cigarettes, depending on cell types. For ex-smokers, risks after 10 years of nonsmoking were about 12 times lower than those of current smokers (P<0.001). To halt further increases in lung cancer, preventive measures in Argentina should be directed primarily towards smoking control.Ms Pezzotto and Drs Bay, Morini, and Poletto are with the Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, National University of Rosario, Argentina. Dr Mahuad is with Hospital Italiano Rosario, Argentina. Address correspondence to Ms Pezzotto, Inst. Inmunologia, Facultad de Medicina, Santa Fe 3100, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.     

Alcohol consumption and renal cell cancer risk in two Italian case-control studies.

BACKGROUND: There is some evidence that alcohol consumption is inversely associated with renal cell cancer (RCC), but the issue is still unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated the relation using data from two Italian multicentric case-control studies conducted from 1985 to 2004, including a total of 1115 incident, histologically confirmed cases and 2582 controls hospitalised with acute, non-neoplastic conditions. RESULTS: Compared with non-drinkers, the multivariate odds ratios (ORs) of RCC were 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73-1.04] for 4 to 8 drinks per day of alcoholic beverages, with a significant inverse trend in risk (P value = 0.01). The ORs were 0.85 (95% CI 0.71-1.02) for wine, 0.84 (95% CI 0.68-1.03) for beer and 0.86 (95% CI 0.70-1.05) for spirits consumption, as compared with abstainers. No trend in risk of RCC emerged with duration (P value = 0.94) and age at starting alcohol consumption (P value = 0.81). Results were consistent in men and women, as well as in strata of age, smoking and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: This pooled analysis found an inverse association between alcohol drinking and RCC. Risks continued to decrease even above eight drinks per day (i.e. >100 g/day) of alcohol intake, with no apparent levelling in risk.     

Occupational risk factors for brain tumors: results from a population-based case-control study in Germany

In a population-based case-control study in the Rhein—Neckar—Odenwald area (containing 1.3 million inhabitants) of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), risk factors were assessed for brain tumor development in 226 cases with primary brain tumors (ICD-9 191, 192.1, 192.0) and 418 population controls, interviewed by a standardized questionnaire. The analysis of occupational risk factors and smoking is presented. No elevated risk was found for smoking. Similarly, no significant effects were found for most occupations. Five specific occupational groups were examined because of a priori determination that they were of interest. Some categories showed slightly elevated risks but in none was the elevation statistically significant. A significant increase in risk for brain tumor development was found associated with working in electrical occupations for women (relative risk [RR]=5.2; 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 1.4–20.1) but not for men (RR=0.9, 95 percent CI 0.3–2.3).Drs Schlebofer, Blettner, Niehoff, and Wahrendorf are at the Institute of Epidemiology and Biometry, German Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Dr Kunze is at the Neurosurgical Clinic of the University of Heidelberg; and Dr Sachsenheimer is at the Neurosurgical Clinic of the Klinikum Mannheim/University of Heidelberg. Address correspondence to Dr Schlebofer at the German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. This study is part of an International Case-Control Study on Adult Brain Tumors coordinated by the SEARCH-Program of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.     

De novo acute myeloid leukemia risk factors: A Texas case-control study

BACKGROUND:

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is comprised of several bone marrow‐based cancers and is the most common type of leukemia in the United States. The etiology of AML is not well understood. A case‐control study was conducted at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center to investigate associations between lifestyle characteristics and the risk of AML in Texas.

METHODS:

This study included 638 adult patients with de novo AML (cases) and a group of 636 matched controls. Interviewer‐administered questionnaires were used to collect demographic and occupational data. The distribution of cases by World Health Organization (WHO) subtype was 71 patients (11%) with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities (AML‐RCA), 134 patients (21%) with multilineage dysplasia (AML‐MD), and 389 patients (61%) with AML not otherwise categorized (AML‐NOC). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed among all AML cases and among both sexes and each WHO subgroup.

RESULTS:

Among men, heavy smoking (≥30 pack‐years; odds ratio [OR], 1.86) and occupational solvent exposure at low levels (OR, 2.87) or moderate/high levels (OR, 4.13) statistically significantly increased the risk of AML. Among women, obesity (OR, 1.62) and solvent exposure to low levels (OR, 2.73) or moderate/high levels (OR, 3.90) increased the risk of AML. Across WHO subtypes, obesity was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of AML‐RCA (OR, 3.15), whereas solvent exposure increased the risk in all subtypes at low levels (AML‐RCA: OR, 4.11; AML‐MD: OR, 2.54) and moderate/high levels (AML‐RCA: OR, 5.13; AML‐MD: OR, 3.02). A joint effect between smoking and solvent exposure was observed, and the highest risk was observed among smokers who had solvent exposure (OR, 4.51).

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results suggested that several factors play a role in AML predisposition with possible joint effects. Risk profiles for AML differed by sex and WHO subtype. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.     

早期原发性肾淋巴瘤四例临床病理回顾性分析

目的:探讨早期原发性肾淋巴瘤的临床及组织病理学特点。方法:回顾性分析4例早期原发性肾淋巴瘤的临床及组织病理学资料。结果:原发性肾淋巴瘤早期即可出现腰痛,发热等临床症状,B超及CT影像学检查表现为乏血供影像学特征,组织病理学表现为肿瘤细胞呈生发中心状的弥漫性大B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤。结论:早期原发性肾淋巴瘤是具有良性疾病临床症状及影像学特征的高恶性度肿瘤。要充分认识肿瘤细胞生发中心存在的可能。建议对诊断困难的肾脏微小病灶可积极行腹腔镜手术探查。