综合护理干预在糖尿病坏死性筋膜炎患者中的应用及效果观察

目的:探讨综合护理干预在糖尿病坏死性筋膜炎患者中的应用及临床效果。方法:对28例糖尿病坏死性筋膜炎患者采取心理护理、健康教育、创面观察及护理、负压封闭引流(VSD)护理、血糖监控等综合护理干预措施。结果:本组21例行清创植皮术,3例行带蒂皮瓣修复术,4例行清创术。均治愈出院,住院时间24～72 d。结论:综合护理干预有助于提高糖尿病坏死性筋膜炎患者的治疗效果,改善预后,值得临床推广应用。     

封闭负压引流冲吸法治疗急性坏死性筋膜炎患者的护理

目的 探讨封闭负压引流(VSD)冲吸法治疗急性坏死性筋膜炎患者的护理.方法 对8例急性坏死性筋膜炎患者应用VSD冲吸法治疗,并采取了精心的护理措施(心理支持、局部皮肤准备、饮食指导、用药护理、密切观察负压封闭引流情况及功能锻炼等).结果 8例患者行扩创+VSD负压吸引冲洗时间为7～24 d,未发生并发症,平均住院时间为38 d,均治愈出院.结论 在VSD冲吸法治疗坏死性筋膜炎患者的过程中,耐心细致的护理有助于提高治疗效果,促进创面愈合.     

负压封闭引流技术治疗坏死性筋膜炎16例临床护理

回顾性分析2011年1月-2016年8月收治的16例坏死性筋膜炎(necrotizing fasciitis, NF)患者的临床资料,探讨应用负压封闭引流技术(vacuum sealing drainge, VSD)治疗NF患者的护理对策及其方法。13例患者行扩创病灶清除术+VSD, 3例患者因感染严重行肢体截断术,其中2例截肢患者术后残端创面行VSD 3～64d,住院时间8～207d。16例患者中,13例患者治愈,3例好转出院。应用VSD治疗NF患者时,科学、精心的护理有助于提高治疗效果,促进创面愈合。     

糖尿病并发急性坏死性筋膜炎5例护理体会

目的:探讨糖尿病并发急性坏死性筋膜炎的护理方法.方法:对5例糖尿病并发急性坏死性筋膜炎患者密切观察病情和精心护理,包括术前做好心理护理,帮助患者消除紧张、恐惧心理和悲观情绪:进行健康教育和术前准备;术后严密病情观察与监护,通过体温观察判断清创的程度;掌握创面观察指标及特点.及时判断皮下筋膜坏死的范围;防止皮肤、口腔、泌尿系感染;做好换药护理促进创面愈合:对并发症及早抢救与护理.结果:5例均治愈出院.结论:糖尿病并发急性坏死性筋膜炎患者术前、术后严密观察与护理对及时发现病情变化,进行有效的治疗非常重要.     

胆道术后肠瘘胆瘘合并坏死性筋膜炎患者的护理

目的总结胆道术后十二指肠瘘、胆瘘合并右侧胸腹壁坏死性筋膜炎患者的护理方法。方法回顾性分析2012年3月在扬州大学临床医学院普外科治疗的1例胆道术后肠瘘、胆瘘合并坏死性筋膜炎患者的临床资料,并总结其护理措施。结果经治疗,患者恢复全肠内营养,好转出院。结论早期清除坏死性筋膜炎创面,并密切观察创面情况,实施有针对性地护理,能有效促进营养物质的吸收、坏死性筋膜炎的恢复和瘘口的愈合。     

湿性愈合模式在肛周脓肿致坏死性筋膜炎患者伤口护理中的应用

目的：探讨湿性愈合模式在肛周脓肿致坏死性筋膜炎患者伤口护理中的应用及效果。方法回顾性分析、总结2010年1月-2013年5月收治的3例肛周脓肿致坏死性筋膜炎患者伤口治疗及护理经验。结果通过开放引流、瘘管科学处理,有效清创、控制感染、防止血流感染,合理固定、提高生活质量,科学营养支持、促进肉芽生长创面愈合,人文关怀、多学科协作促进康复等湿性愈合伤口护理,所有患者均愈合,无病死、致残。结论湿性愈合伤口护理在急性坏死性筋膜炎的创面治疗中可以促进伤口愈合、降低医疗风险,安全可行。     

12例肢体坏死性筋膜炎的护理

坏死性筋膜炎是一种由多种细菌混合感染引起的皮下组织和筋膜广泛坏死的疾病,病死率较高。报告了12例肢体坏死性筋膜炎患者的护理,包括心理护理、病情观察、皮肤及创面的护理、基础护理,以及饮食和预防感染等方面的护理。本组8例治愈,2例截肢,1例死亡,1例放弃治疗。     

中西医结合治疗肛源性坏死性筋膜炎患者的观察及护理

目的 探讨中西医结合治疗肛源性坏死性筋膜炎的护理经验,以提高护理质量及患者术后生活质量.方法 回顾性分析10例会阴部急性坏死性筋膜炎病例的治疗与护理过程,总结临床护理经验.结果 10例患者均痊愈出院,创面愈合时间为23～72 d,平均45 d,会阴部无组织缺损、瘢痕少,会阴部无功能障碍.结论 肛源性急性坏死性筋膜炎中西医结合治疗,配合积极有效的护理,不仅可以挽救患者的生命,而且可以避免会阴组织缺损、减少瘢痕形成,对于保全患者会阴部组织完整性及患者的性功能具有重要意义.     

特殊部位坏死性筋膜炎的临床治疗

目的探讨特殊部位坏死性筋膜炎(Necrotizing Fasciitis,NF)的发病机制、疾病转归和治疗。方法回顾分析四川省人民医院皮肤外科近年来收治的4例特殊部位坏死性筋膜炎病例特点、治疗及疗效。结果 4例病例均得以治愈,疗效较好,功能、外观均较理想。结论坏死性筋膜炎是少见而严重的皮肤软组织感染,治疗的关键在于早期确诊及切开引流、彻底清创,创面修复方式多以皮瓣转移和游离皮片移植为主。     

负压封闭引流技术治疗小儿严重外伤创面的护理

目的 探讨负压封闭引流技术(VSD)治疗小儿严重外伤创面的护理方法.方法 回顾2008年3月～2010年12月应用VSD技术治疗22例因严重外伤所致大面积皮肤软组织缺损的小儿患者临床资料及护理效果.结果 22例患儿创面经VSD技术治疗后,创面良好,无护理并发症.结论 VSD技术在儿童骨科应用护理重点为:术前护理包括评估...     

负压封闭引流治疗严重感染创面的护理

[目的]探讨严重感染创面行负压封闭引流（VSD）的护理方法。[方法]对35例严重感染创面先后采用VSD进行治疗。[结果]骨折内固定术后的感染切口及皮肤撕脱伤感染创面更换敷料1次或2次,骨髓炎病人更换2次或3次,骶尾部压疮更换3次或4次,髋关节术后感染更换4次。待创面细菌培养为阴性,肉芽组织生长良好后,皮肤缺损者行植皮,余则行切口缝合,所有创面彻底愈合。[结论]严重感染创面因细菌谱复杂、创面渗液、渗血或脓性分泌物多可能会影响VSD的疗效。护理过程中首要问题是加强负压管路的管理,维持良好的引流。密切观察并保护创面、评估感染的控制效果对完善治疗方案非常重要。加强营养支持,促进功能锻炼是提高抵抗能力防止并发症的重要环节。     

负压封闭引流术治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的护理

目的探讨负压封闭引流术治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的护理方法。方法总结采用负压封闭引流术治疗18例深Ⅱ度烧伤患者的护理方法。结果 18例中13例经一次负压封闭引流术后肉芽生长良好,二期植皮成功,5例经2~3次负压封闭引流技术后二期植皮成功。结论负压封闭引流术治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤疗效确切,通过加强负压封闭引流和创面的护理,同时注重心理护理,能够缩短疗程,减少并发症,保证肢体功能恢复。     

封闭负压引流治疗四肢创伤性软组织损伤的护理体会

目的 探讨封闭负压引流（vacuum sedling drainage,VSD）治疗四肢创伤性软组织损伤的护理要点.方法 回顾总结48例四肢创伤性软组织损伤伴骨外露患者行清创及VSD治疗的方法及护理措施.结果 48例患者创面肉芽生长新鲜,其中11例仍有明显骨外露者再次VSD治疗,于一期创面愈合后行游离植皮或组织瓣移植,全部创面愈合良好,无1例发生并发症.结论 维持有效的负压,做好引流管的护理,加强心理护理及营养支持,做好功能锻指导,是保证VSD治疗成功的关键.     

Group A Streptococcal Necrotizing Fasciitis in the Emergency Department

Background

Group A Streptococcal (GAS) necrotizing fasciitis is a critical emergency. Patients with necrotizing fasciitis principally present to emergency departments (EDs), but most studies are focused on hospitalized patients.

Objective

An ED patient-based retrospective study was conducted to investigate the clinical characteristics, associated factors, and outcomes of GAS necrotizing fasciitis in the ED.

Methods

Patients visiting the ED from January 2005 through December 2011 with the diagnosis of GAS necrotizing fasciitis were enrolled. All patients with the diagnosis of noninvasive skin and soft-tissue infections caused by GAS were included as the control group.

Results

During the study period, 75 patients with GAS necrotizing fasciitis were identified. Males accounted for 84% of patients. The most prevalent underlying disease was diabetes mellitus (45.3%). Bullae were recognized in 37.3% of patients. One third of cases were complicated by bacteremia. Polymicrobial infections were found in 30.7% of patients. Overall mortality rate for GAS necrotizing fasciitis was 16%. Patients aged >60 years with diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, and gout were considerably more likely to have GAS necrotizing fasciitis than noninvasive infections. Patients presenting with bacteremia, shock, duration of symptoms/signs <5 days, low white blood cell count, low platelet count, and prolonged prothrombin time were associated with increased mortality. Surgery is a significantly negative factor for mortality of patients with GAS necrotizing fasciitis (odds ratio = 0.16; 95% confidence interval 0.002−0.16; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

A better understanding of the associated factors and initiation of adequate treatments will allow for improved survival after GAS necrotizing fasciitis.     

社区护理对2型糖尿病老年患者治疗效果及治疗相关行为的影响

目的探讨社区护理干预对2型糖尿病老年患者治疗效果及相关治疗行为的影响。方法采用便利抽样法选取2014年3-12月上海市某社区卫生服务中心门诊的136例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,进行6个月的社区护理干预,6个月后观察糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白(hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)、血压、血脂以及规律服药等相关治疗行为。结果实施护理干预6个月后,患者HbA1c与干预前相比有明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2型糖尿病老年患者血糖控制好的比例由9.6%提高至27.2%,血糖控制一般的比例由30.9%提高至62.5%,规律用药等治疗相关行为方面的比率均高于干预前,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01);此外,与干预前比较,干预后2型糖尿病老年患者收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、三酰甘油、胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白都降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论社区护理可有效改善2型糖尿病老年患者治疗相关行为,控制糖尿病患者的血糖水平,提高治疗的效果,进而可改善其血脂代谢、降低血压,促进患者康复。     

Necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock-like syndrome caused by group B streptococcus

A recent increase in reports of necrotizing fasciitis resulting from group B streptococcus has alerted physicians to a possible concomitant increase of toxic shock-like syndrome. We report the second case of group B streptococcus causing necrotizing fasciitis and toxic shock-like syndrome. A black woman, aged 52 years, with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus had necrotizing fasciitis type II of the left groin. Hypotension, elevated bilirubin and liver enzymes, and adult respiratory distress syndrome rapidly developed. Because group B streptococcus was isolated from a normally sterile site, the patient's condition met the criteria for toxic shock-like syndrome. Extensive surgical debridement, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and intravenous antibiotic therapy (including clindamycin) were required for complete recovery. The antitoxin effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and clindamycin should be further investigated for the treatment of such patients.     

Burn center management of necrotizing fasciitis

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly progressive soft-tissue infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Necrotizing fasciitis is similar to invasive burn wound infection in that diagnosis requires histologic examination of affected tissue and treatment requires aggressive surgical debridement followed by skin autograft. Transfer to a burn center facilitates the management of necrotizing fasciitis, where requisite surgical and nursing expertise is available. We reviewed the experience of one burn center in the management of necrotizing fasciitis over a 5-year period. Ten patients were transferred to the burn center from other medical facilities for care, arriving a mean of 8.9 days after initial hospital admission. The diagnosis was made by a surgical service or consultation before transfer in all cases; initial admission to a medical rather than a surgical service delayed surgery in five cases. All patients had surgical debridement before transfer but required a mean of 5.1 additional operations at the burn center. Although the mean extent of involvement was 14.8% body surface area, the mean length of burn center stay was 34.9 days. Complications were frequent, including pulmonary failure requiring mechanical ventilation (n = 6), renal insufficiency or failure (n = 5), hypotension requiring pressers (n = 4), deep venous thrombosis (n = 3), and pulmonary emboli (n = 1). Overall mortality was 2 of 10 patients (20%). Both fatalities were associated with delay in initial surgical procedure and in transfer to the burn center. The similarity of necrotizing fasciitis and invasive burn wound infection makes the burn center the ideal setting for the treatment of this disease. We advocate the addition of necrotizing fasciitis to the list of conditions currently recognized by the American Burn Association as appropriate for burn center transfer and care.