发泡镍对胸部冲击伤的防护效果

本文介绍了一种新型发泡金属材料——发泡镍对冲击波的防护效应。以狗、豚鼠、大鼠作为实验对象,模拟激波管作致伤源,TNT炸药电雷管引爆后致伤。根据致伤后大体解剖及光、电镜观察所见的形态学变化,充分肯定了该材料对冲击波的防护效果。     

多巴酚丁胺对血管内皮细胞单层通透性的影响

实验研究了β－激动剂多巴酚丁胺在人脐静脉内皮细胞单层上对血浆脂类通透性的影响。结果显示该药能够降低血管内皮细胞单层对水，胆固醇，甘油三酯，载脂蛋白Ａ和载脂蛋白Ｂ的通透性，提示：多巴酚丁胺可减少脂类和载脂蛋白对血管内皮下渗入，因而可能具有抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

己酮可可碱对脂多糖诱导的内皮细胞单层通透性的保护作用

目的：探讨己酮可可碱（PTX）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的内皮细胞单层通透性的保护作用。方法：建立内皮细胞单层损伤模型,随机分为LPS组、PTX组、LPS＋PTX组、对照组,测定内皮单层滤过系数、蛋白质渗透压反射系数及进行内皮细胞单层形态学检查。结果：LPS组内皮单层滤过系数显著升高、蛋白质渗透压反射系数显著降低;与正常对照组比较,PTX组的滤过系数和蛋白质渗透压反射系数无明显变化;与LPS组比较,LPS＋PTX组两系数及内皮细胞单层形态学检查无明显变化,近似于正常对照组。结论：PTX无降低正常内皮细胞单层通透性的作用;PTX对LPS诱导的内皮细胞单层通透性有保护作用,其机制可能与PTX拮抗LPS导致内皮细胞单层通透性增加的某些环节有关。     

辽东楤木根皮皂苷对硫酸软骨素在Caco-2细胞单层和大鼠体内转运的影响

硫酸软骨素（CS）常用于治疗关节炎，但由于其较高的分子量、电荷密度以及亲水性，导致在小肠内的吸收很少。曾有研究显示，辽东楤木Araliaelata Seem．根茎皂苷（SRBAE）对Caco-2细胞单层显示良好的减小跨上皮细胞电阻（TEER）值和促进亲水性大分子摄取的作用，且无细胞毒性。为此作者研究了SRBAE对CS在Caco-2细胞单层和大鼠体内转运的增强作用。     

烧伤后CD11b/CD18介导的中性多形核白细胞粘附对肺微血管内皮细胞单层通透性的影响

目的观察烧伤后中性多形核白细胞（ＰＭＮ）对肺微血管内皮细胞单层通透性的影响，以及ＰＭＮ粘附及其粘附分子ＣＤ１１ｂ／ＣＤ１８在该影响中的介导作用。方法用培养血管内皮细胞单层模型，建立培养肺微血管内皮细胞（ＰＭＥＣ）单层通透性测定的方法，根据处理内皮细胞单层的不同成份，将实验分为７组，用含荧光素异硫氰酸酯白蛋白的灌流液灌流后，测定液体滤过系数（ｋｆ）和渗透压反射系数（δ）。结果烧伤后ＰＭＮ能使反映小分子物质通透性的ｋｆ值明显增加，使渗透压反射系数（δ）显著下降。用单抗封闭ＰＭＮ膜上ＣＤ１１ｂ／ＣＤ１８能使δ值的变化得到纠正；用孔径０２μｍ的滤膜阻断ＰＭＮ与内皮细胞单层的粘附则使ｋｆ值和δ值均接近正常水平。结论白细胞与内皮细胞的粘附是介质类物质发生作用的前提条件，这些物质主要影响肺血管对小分子物质的通透性。粘附分子ＣＤ１１ｂ／ＣＤ１８本身可能具有着生物学信号调控的作用，并介导着对肺血管内皮细胞大分子物质通透性的影响     

某市老年肌肉衰减征影响因素分析

了解湖北省黄石市老年肌肉衰减征的影响因素，为采取相应的干预措施提供依据。方法2015 年6 月至2016 年6 月以湖北省黄石市3 个社区卫生服务站进行免费体检的老年人为研究对象进行肌肉衰减征的筛查，得到老年肌肉衰减征者77 例，再随机抽取同期进行体检的非肌肉衰减征老年人156 例作为对照组。用一般情况量表、活动能力量表、微型营养评定量表、匹兹堡睡眠质量量表对调查对象进行问卷调查，再用单因素分析和多因素进行老年人肌肉衰减征影响因素的分析。结果单因素分析显示肌肉衰减征组与对照组在体重过低、婚姻状况、月收入、躯体生活自理能力、工具性日常生活活动能力、营养良好、睡眠质量不佳上的差异有统计学意义（ p<0.05）；多因素分析显示体重过低、月收入较低、躯体生活自理能力功能障碍、睡眠质量不佳是黄石市老年人患肌肉衰减征的危险因素，营养良好是其保护因素（p <0.05）。结论黄石市老年人患肌肉衰减征受多种因素影响，应针对危险因素采取有效措施来降低老年人患肌肉衰减征的风险。     

股骨－胫骨复合体模型在人体体重冲击下的运动力学响应研究

目的 研究人体膝关节股骨-胫骨复合体模型在人体体重冲击下的运动力学响应特点及膝关节软骨关节面在载荷传导中的缓冲作用。方法 通过中国数字化虚拟人体男l号膝关节部位的计算机三维重建图像，建立股骨-胫骨复合体的有限元模型，模拟人体行走中单腿着地情况对模型施加自身体重冲击载荷，分析关节面软骨在载荷传导中的缓冲作用。结果 (1)在模拟人体单腿着地情况下，股骨-胫骨复合体模型在压缩过程中伴随前伸运动；(2)载荷传导集中于关节面接触部位，应力传导至关节面软骨层时发生分散衰减现象。结论 (1)股骨-胫骨复合体在纵向冲击载荷下运动不稳明显表现为前伸；(2)软骨关节面有缓冲载荷冲击的作用。     

真菌毒素T—2对培养软骨细胞影响的超微结构观察

采用软骨细胞体外单层培养的方法，观察Ｔ－２毒素对幼兔关节软骨细胞超微结构的作用，结果表明Ｔ－２毒素对软骨细胞膜系统和细胞器具有明显的损伤作用，其损伤程度随毒素浓度的升高而加重。     

雪腐镰刀菌烯醇对培养软骨细胞代谢的影响及硒的保护作用

目的：探索雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(NIV)对培养软骨细胞代谢的影响及硒的保护作用。方法：应用生物化学方法检测NIV对培养的单层软骨细胞代谢的影响，软骨细胞单层培养、应用琼脂糖电泳和碱性单细胞微量凝胶电泳检测培养的单层软骨细胞DNA的损伤。结果：在实验设定的NIV浓度范围内(0．0005—0．0200mg／L)，随NIV浓度增加，软骨细胞基质蛋白多糖代谢明显降低、蛋白质合成减少、DNA含量减少、DNA受损细胞增多、DNA损伤加重，同浓度NIV加硒组损伤情况较未加硒组轻。在设定3个NIV浓度下，NIV并不影响软骨细胞的脂质过氧化，但加硒可使脂质过氧化物含量明显减低。结论：在实验设定的NIV浓度范围内，NIV对培养软骨细胞有明显损伤作用，加硒有保护作用，但不能阻止损伤。     

用单层辐射人羊膜治疗取皮区及擦皮创面的临床应用研究

为了探讨单层辐射人羊膜在取皮区及浅、深度擦皮创面上应用的临床疗铲及其对创面的保护作用，我们用羊膜和常规油纱分别贴静处述筘个创面的两部分进行治疗对照观察。结果表明，用人间膜 的创面比用油纱侧的创面平均提前４￣５天愈合。而且用间膜侧的创面无１例感染。提示人羊膜对上述创面的早期愈合起到良好的治疗作用，并且对预防创面感染起到保护作用单层辐人羊膜是可在临床应用的良好的创面覆盖物。     

中度以上冲击伤狗的早期临床观察

用直径348mm激波管致狗冲击伤,超压峰值在1.05～1.33kg/cm~2,超压作用时间为40～54毫秒,激波速度为473～509m/s,34只狗中极重度11只占32.4％,重度5只占14.7％,中度17只占50％,轻度1只占2.9％。超压峰值及超压作用时间是动物伤情的决定因素,动物的体位与伤情也有关系。脏器对冲击波的敏感性从高到低依次排列为:听器、肝肺、脾、心、膀胱及肾。认为听器检查、白细胞总数及其分类在冲击伤诊断上是有价值的。脏器敏感性与其位置、体积大小、游离度和组织结构性质有关。冲击伤动物早期死亡的主要原因为大量失血,其次为颅脑损伤。激波管致狗冲击伤的病理损伤与核爆炸直接冲击伤基本相似,但由于超压作用时间短,所以,超压峰值相近时,损伤程度较核爆炸为轻。     

An experimental study of blast injury

This paper presents some aspects of the authors' experimental research on blast injury in the past two years. The main results are as follows: (1) A new designed 39 meter-long shock tube for biological test has been built in the laboratory. Its maximal overpressure values are 215 kPa (in open condition) and 505 kPa (in closed condition). It may meet the need for inflicting blast injuries with various degree of severity. (2) A study of the effect of simulating gun muzzle blast wave on sheep indicated that in the single explosion, the threshold overpressure values inflicting the injury of internal organs were: Lung-37.27 kPa, G-I tract-41.0 kPa; the upper respiratory tract-negative until 73 kPa, while in the multiple (20 times) explosions, they were 23.7, 23.7 and 41.4 kPa, respectively. (3) Using TEM, SEM and some other special techniques, such as morphometry, freeze-fracture technique, labelled lanthanum nitrate technique, etc, it was demonstrated that in the lung with blast injury there were significant pathological changes in pulmonary capillary endothelium, alveolar epithelium and their intercellular junctions with apparent increase of permeability. (4) It has been shown that parallel superficial stripelike hemorrhage typical for lung blast injury is "Intercostal marking" instead of "Rib marking". (5) A new type of material (foamy nickel) for protection against blast wave is presented. It was proved that the material can effectively weaken or eliminate the effect of blast wave on human body.     

Study on myocardial pathological changes after instant deathdue to blast overpressure in rats

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｍｙｏｃａｒｄｉａｌｐａｔｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｓａｆｔｅｒｉｎｓｔａｎｔｄｅａｔｈｄｕｅｔｏｂｌａｓｔｏｖｅｒｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｉｎｒａｔｓＬｉｎＹｕａｎ（林远）；ＣｈｅｎｇＴｉａｎｍｉｎ（程天民）；ＺｈｅｎｇＨｕａｉｅｎ（郑怀...     

短时激波作用下家兔胸腹内压力的变化

在短时激波作用下,机体胸腹腔之间存在着压力差,但缺乏实验证据。本实验通过引爆200g TNT炸药块致伤家兔,观察距爆心1.6m、1.8m和2.0m处爆炸激波作用下的家兔胸腹内压同步变化情况。动物致伤后立即解剖,观察动物伤情。实验结果显示,胸内正、负压峰值明显大于腹内正、负压峰值,而且压力的变化存在着时相上的差异,从胸腹内压峰值和时相变化上证实胸腹间存在着压力差,家兔胸腹腔之间的压力呈双向传导。实验结果提示家兔胸腹腔内器官组织冲击伤的发生可能与体腔扩张引起的负压增高有关,本文就肺冲击伤发生机理从压力差角度加以讨论。     

模拟炮口冲击波的生物效应

本研究的目的在于阐明多次低强度冲击波对内脏器官的效应。实验动物为雌雄两性绵羊36只,用10kgTNT药柱单次和多次爆炸致伤。伤后6～13h作形态学检查。结果表明单次爆炸后,肺损伤的阈值为37.27kPa,胃肠道为41.0kPa,而上呼吸道直到77.0kPa时仍为阴性。多次爆炸致伤后,肺、胃肠道和上呼吸道的损伤阈值分别为20.2、20.2和40.89kPa。结果提示经受多次低强度冲击波作用时,肺仍是内脏损伤最敏感的器官,与单次致伤比,可显示相加效应,损伤阈值降低。     

Development of serial bio-shock tubes and their application

OBJECTIVE: To design and produce serial shock tubes and further examine their application to experimental studies on blast injury. METHODS: Bio-medical engineering technique was used for the design and development of the serial shock tubes. One thousand four hundred and fifty nine animals (757 rats, 105 guinea pigs, 335 rabbits, 240 dogs and 22 sheep) were then used to test the wounding effects of the shock tubes. RESULTS: Three types of bio-shock tubes, that is, large-, medium- and small-scale shock tubes were made in our laboratory. The large-scale shock tube is 39 meters long; the inner diameter of the test section is 1 meter; and the maximum overpressure in the driving section is 10.3 MPa. A negative pressure could be formed by means of the reflected rarefactive wave produced by the end plate. The medium-scale shock tube is 34.5 meters long; the maximum overpressure in the driving section is 22 MPa; the test section is designed to be a knockdown, showing 5 basic types with inner diameter of 77 to 600 millimeters, which could be used for researches on overpressure, explosive decompression, underwater explosion, and so on. The small-scale shock tube is 0.5 meter long with the maximum endured overpressure of 68.6 MPa. Results from animal experiments showed that this set of shock tubes could induce various degrees of systemic or local blast injury in large or small animals. CONCLUSIONS: This set of bio-shock tubes can approximately simulate typical explosive wave produced by nuclear or charge explosion, and inflict various degrees of blast injury characterized by stability and reproducibility. Therefore, they can meet the needs of blast research on large and small animals.     

大鼠超压冲击伤和烧冲复合伤肺出血的量化研究

本文用图象分析方法测量了冲击伤、烧伤和烧冲复合伤大鼠伤后不同时间肺出血情况。结果,冲击伤速发死亡大鼠平均肺出血体积和出血积分显著高于存活动物(P<0.01);单冲和烧冲组大鼠于伤后2、12 h肺出血明显,24 h出血体积有所增加,至72 h出血已明显吸收。单烧组无出血。实验结果表明,超压冲击伤肺出血是速发死亡的主要原因,活存动物在24 h内可能有续发性肺出血,烧冲复合伤时肺出血吸收速度较单冲减慢。文中初步讨论了以肺出血体积和积分划分伤情分度的标准。     

Development of serial bio-shock tubes and their application.

ＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｓｅｒｉａｌｂｉｏｓｈｏｃｋｔｕｂｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎＷａｎｇＺｈｅｎｇｇｕｏ王正国，ＳｕｎＬｉｙｉｎｇ孙立英，ＹａｎｇＺｈｉｈｕａｎ杨志焕，ＬｅｎｇＨｕａｇｕａｎｇ冷华光ＪｉａｎｇＪｉａｎｘｉｎ蒋建...     

Effects of Blast Wave-induced Biomechanical Changes on Lung Injury in Rats

Objective To observe the dynamic impacts of shock waves on the severity of lung injury in rats with different injury distances.Methods Simulate open-field shock waves; detect the biomechanical effects of explosion sources at distances of 40, 44, and 48 cm from rats; and examine the changes in the gross anatomy of the lungs,lung wet/dry weight ratio, hemoglobin concentration, blood gas analysis, and pathology.Results Biomechanical parameters such as the overpressure peak and impulse were gradually attenuated with an increase in the injury distance. The lung tissue hemorrhage, edema, oxygenation index, and pathology changed more significantly for the 40 cm group than for the 44 and 48 cm groups.The overpressure peak and impulse were significantly higher for the 40 cm group than for the 44 and 48 cm groups(P 0.05 or P 0.01). The animal mortality was significantly higher for the 40 cm group than for the other two groups(41.2% vs. 17.8% and 10.0%, P 0.05). The healing time of injured lung tissues for the 40 cm group was longer than those for the 44 and 48 cm groups.Conclusions The effects of simulated open-field shock waves on the severity of lung injuries in rats were correlated with the injury distances, the peak overpressure, and the overpressure impulse.