自体半腱肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗踝关节外侧不稳

目的探讨自体半腱肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗踝关节外侧不稳的临床效果及安全性。方法对16例踝关节外侧不稳患者行自体半腱肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带手术,观察踝关节功能情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间1~3年。术后6、12个月摄踝关节内翻应力位X线片未见距骨倾斜,均未发生复发踝关节外侧不稳。术后AOFAS评分为83.52分±7.26分,明显高于术前的50.45分±4.58分。踝关节功能评定:优8例,良7例,可1例。结论自体半腱肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗踝关节外侧不稳疗效确切,安全性高,是一种较为理想的术式。     

自体半腱肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳

目的对应用自体半腱肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的疗效进行评价。方法采用自体半腱肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节不稳12例,术后将踝关节固定于中立略外翻位6周．第7周开始去石膏行踝关节功能锻炼。末次随访时采用AOFAS评分对疼痛、功能、外形进行评价。结果疼痛评分：术前0～30分,平均（20．83±7．93）分;术后30～40分,平均（32．50±4．52）分;术后较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义（t=-7．000．P〈0．001）。功能评分：术前14～39分,平均（28．08＋9．19）分;术后40—50分,平均（48．17±3．41）分;术后较术前明显提高．差异有统计学意义（t=-9．413,P〈0．001）。外形无明显变化,手术前后评分均为10分。总分：术前26—79分,平均（58．08±16．76）分;术后80～100分,平均（90．67±6．48）分;术后较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义（t=-9．475,P〈0．001）。结论采用自体半腱肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带是治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的可靠方法。     

慢性踝外侧不稳经皮韧带重建与镜下韧带修复比较

[目的]比较经皮距腓前韧带（anterior talofibular ligament, ATFL）和跟腓韧带（calcaneofibular ligament, CFL）重建与镜下ATFL修复治疗慢性踝外侧不稳定的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2015年10月—2020年7月本院收治的慢性踝不稳35例患者的临床资料,依据医患沟通结果,19例采用经皮重建（经皮组）,16例采用镜下修补（镜下组）。比较两组围手术期、随访及影像资料。[结果]两组患者均顺利完成手术,术中无神经、血管损伤等严重并发症。经皮组手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量及平均住院天数均显著多于镜下组（P<0.05）。两组患者均获24个月以上随访,经皮组完全负重活动时间显著长于镜下组（P<0.05）。随时间推移,两组VAS均显著减少（P<0.05）,而AOFAS和KAFS评分显著增加（P<0.05）,踝背伸-跖屈ROM无显著变化（P>0.05）。相应时间点,两组患者上述指标的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。影像方面,与术前相比,术后12个月和24个月两组内翻应力位距骨倾斜角、前抽屉应力位距骨...     

慢性踝外侧不稳镜下清理联合外侧副韧带重建

[目的]评价踝关节镜关节清理联合自体腓骨短肌肌腱解剖重建外侧副韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的临床疗效.[方法] 2016年10月-2018年10月,对18例慢性踝关节外侧不稳患者,先行关节镜踝关节清理,然后用同侧部分腓骨短肌肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带.采用AOFAS和VAS评分和影像检查评估临床效果.[结果]18例...     

改良Brostrom治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳

1 临床资料 本组患者21例,男13例,女8例;右踝9例,左踝12例,平均手术年龄28.1岁(16～51岁);术前病程2～23个月(平均11.7个月).有反复踝关节内翻扭伤史18例,外踝部疼痛21例,不平道路上行走困难15例,侧搬试验阳性19例.     

应用带线锚钉治疗慢性踝关节前外侧不稳疗效观察

目的 探讨应用带线锚钉治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的临床疗效.方法 应用强生Fastin RC带线锚钉治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳42例,并运用关节镜诊治关节内继发病损.结果 术后39例获随访13～27个月,平均(18.5±5.2)个月,术后所有踝关节活动度基本恢复正常.术前与术后AOFAS后足评分有差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 应用带线锚钉解剖重建距腓前韧带、跟腓韧带,有效地矫正了踝关节外侧不稳,手术方法合理而有效.     

单隧道悬吊固定解剖重建外侧韧带复合体治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳

目的:探讨单隧道悬吊固定解剖重建外侧韧带复合体术治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2016 年 1 月至2018 年12 月行单隧道悬吊固定踝外侧韧带复合体解剖重建的23 例慢性踝关节外侧不稳患者的临床资料,其中男7 例,女16 例;年龄17～33(26.0±4.3)岁;Kellgren-Lawrenc...     

自体腓骨短肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳定

目的:探讨自体腓骨短肌腱重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳定的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2016年7月至2019年7月采用自体腓骨短肌腱解剖重建距腓前韧带和跟腓韧带治疗的42例慢性踝关节外侧不稳定患者,其中男30例,女12例;年龄25～46(37.6±12.4)岁;左足15例,右足27例;受伤至手术时间3～...     

第三腓骨肌动力解剖重建外侧副韧带

[目的]介绍第三腓骨肌腱解剖重建外侧副韧带治疗踝关节慢性外侧不稳定的技术与临床疗效。[方法]回顾分析2015年12月～2018年01月采用第三腓骨肌动力解剖重建外侧副韧带治疗慢性踝关节外侧不稳63例。在第三腓骨肌肌腱远端止点处切断,向近端游离至远侧伸肌支持带近端,向下牵拉肌腱,于距骨颈距腓前韧带附着点放置锚钉,缝合固定第三腓骨肌腱。于外踝距腓前韧带及跟腓韧带附着点分别建立骨道并相通,将移植腱游离端穿过骨隧道,拉紧肌腱,Swivelock锚钉固定肌腱,重建距腓前韧带,再在跟骨止点建立骨道,将移植腱游离端导入,Swivelock锚钉固定,重建跟腓前韧带。[结果]随访时间为8～28个月。术后6个月,患者的AOFAS评分,应力下影像距骨倾斜角、距骨前移距离均较术前显著改善,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时,临床结果评定为优11例,良49例,可3例,优良率为95.24%。[结论]应用第三腓骨肌解剖重建外侧副韧带,创伤小,操作简单,临床疗效满意。     

高频肌骨超声诊断踝关节外侧副韧带损伤及其评估预后的价值

目的 观察高频肌骨超声诊断踝关节外侧副韧带损伤的图像特征,探讨高频肌骨超声评估韧带损伤预后的临床价值。方法 纳入自2019-06—2020-12诊治的98例踝关节外侧副韧带损伤,所有患者入院后常规进行高频肌骨超声检查,以MRI检查或手术探查结果为金标准,比较高频肌骨超声检查踝关节外侧副韧带损伤类型和损伤程度的准确性。Ⅰ度与轻Ⅱ度踝关节外侧副韧带损伤患者采取非手术治疗,重Ⅱ度及Ⅲ度踝关节外侧副韧带损伤患者进行手术治疗,采用高频肌骨超声评估损伤踝关节外侧副韧带恢复程度。结果 高频肌骨超声明确诊断90例踝关节外侧副韧带损伤,8例无法确诊,准确率为91.8%。高频肌骨超声确诊的90例踝关节外侧副韧带损伤中,单纯距腓前韧带损伤64例,单纯跟腓韧带损伤16例,距腓前韧带合并跟腓韧带损伤7例,距腓后韧带损伤3例;Ⅰ度损伤16例,轻Ⅱ度损伤20例,重Ⅱ度损伤22例,Ⅲ度损伤32例。高频肌骨超声诊断踝关节外侧副韧带损伤类型、损伤程度的准确性与金标准比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 高频肌骨超声诊断踝关节外侧副韧带损伤的准确率高,可确定韧带损伤类型及程度,具有无创、快速、可重复性强、随访...     

MRI appearance of the lateral fibulotalocalcaneal ligament complex injury in the patients with chronic lateral ankle instability

BackgroundThe anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) comprises the superior and inferior fascicles. The inferior fascicle is connected to the calcaneofibular ligament, and forms “lateral fibulotalocalcaneal ligament (LFTCL) complex”. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of diagnosing LFTCL complex injuries in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI).MethodsForty-eight ankles (35 with CLAI and 13 without CLAI) underwent arthroscopic surgery, and preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted with 0.8 mm- thick axial and oblique slices. The diagnostic accuracy of injuries to the superior fascicle and LFTCL complex was evaluated by two observers.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of the LFTCL complex injury were 94.7% and 92.3% for observer 1 and 84.2% and 84.6% for observer 2, respectively.ConclusionsMRI with 0.8 mm slices could detect LFTCL complex injury in patients with CLAI. Diagnosing the LFTCL complex injury on MRI will improve outcomes of an arthroscopic isolated ATFL repair.     

Surgical reconstruction for chronic lateral instability of the ankle

We have treated 56 patients (56 ankles) for symptomatic chronic lateral ankle instability by the surgical reconstruction procedure. The operation included lateral shift of the entire lateral capsule-ligament complex, suture to anterior border of fibula, and reinforcement by an elevated periosteal flap of distal fibula. These patients were reviewed at a mean period of 3.1 years (range, 9 months to 5 years) after the operation. There were 29 males and 27 females with an average age of 29 years (range, 16-49 years). The clinical results were graded according to the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot scales. There were 35 patients who were excellent (above 90 points), 16 who were good (between 76 and 90 points), 4 who were fair (between 60 and 75 points), and 1 who was poor (below 60 points). The excellent and good results amounted to 91.1% (51/56). Therefore, we concluded that symptomatic chronic lateral ankle instability could be successfully managed with this easy and effective surgical reconstruction method.     

Open and arthroscopic lateral ligament repair for treatment of chronic ankle instability: A systematic review

Background

Chronic ankle instability is defined by an instability lasting more than 6 months, in those cases where a comprehensive conservative treatment fails a surgical stabilization is required. Several surgical techniques have been proposed for the management of the chronic lateral instability of the ankle and even after 50 years, the Broström–Gould technique is still considered the gold standard for the treatment of this pathology. Recently, many authors have developed completely arthroscopic lateral ligament repair and the use of these procedures is rapidly increasing. The aim of this review is to provide an updated overview of open and new arthroscopic lateral ligament repair techniques in order to summarize and compare the effectiveness of these strategies.

Delayed reconstruction of lateral complex structures of the ankle

Lateral ankle instability is one of the most common and well-recognized conditions presenting to foot and ankle surgeons. It may exist as an isolated entity or in conjunction with other concomitant pathology, making it important to appropriately diagnose and identify other conditions that may need to be addressed as part of treatment. These associated conditions may be a source of chronic pain, even when the instability has been appropriately treated, or may lead to failure of treatment by predisposing the patient to ankle inversion injuries. The primary goal of this editorial is to provide a brief summary of the common techniques used in the delayed reconstruction of lateral ankle ligamentous injuries and present a method we have successfully employed for over 15 years. We will also briefly discuss the diagnosis and treatment of the more common associated conditions, which are important to identify to achieve satisfactory results for the patient. We present the outcomes of 250 consecutive reconstructions performed over the last 10 years and describe our operative technique for addressing lateral ankle ligamentous injuries.     

Rotational Instability after Anterior Talofibular and Calcaneofibular Ligament Section: The Experimental Basis for the Ankle Pivot Test

The clinical diagnosis of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) rupture is based on the findings from the medical history and the anterior drawer test, a maneuver that allegedly pushes the talus and rearfoot anteriorly, although with great variability in its sensitivity. We consider that an ATFL rupture is best evaluated by a rotational vector (i.e., a pivot test) owing to the uncompromised medial ligaments that will block any pure anterior translation of the talus underneath the tibia. We idealized a constrained ankle cadaver model that only allows talar movements in the axial plane. Our hypothesis was that progressive sectioning of the lateral ankle ligaments in this model would cause a progressive and significant angular laxity in internal rotation. Our results showed 3.67 degrees ± 1.2 degrees of talus rotational laxity in the intact ankle, 9.6 degrees ± 3.2 degrees after ATFL sectioning, and 13.43 degrees ± 3.2 degrees after ATFL and calcaneofibular ligament sectioning, indicating almost threefold increase in internal talocrural rotation after single ATFL sectioning and an almost fourfold increase after double (ATFL and calcaneofibular ligament) sectioning. We consider this evidence of rotational ankle laxity to be a major step in defining the correct movement to diagnose an ATFL rupture and propose a new term to avoid further inconsistencies and variability, “the pivot test.”     

关节镜下自体半腱肌肌腱解剖重建踝关节外侧副韧带

目的 探讨关节镜下自体半腱肌肌腱重建踝关节外侧副韧带治疗慢性踝关节不稳定的方法及初期临床疗效。方法 将2015年12月至2017年2月我院收治的16例慢性踝关节不稳定病人纳入研究,其中男14例,女2例,年龄为（28.1±6.4）岁;术前应力位X线片提示距骨倾斜25.5°±5.5°（18°~35°）,距骨前移（10.1±1.8） mm（7~14 mm）。采用2.7 mm 30°短踝关节镜经前外侧入路观察,经前外侧辅助入路于腓骨远端和距骨外侧面距腓前韧带足印区制作骨隧道,跟骨外侧壁跟腓韧带止点处经皮透视制作骨隧道,取自体半腱肌肌腱对折编织成“Y”型,将移植物引入骨隧道,腓骨端使用袢钢板悬吊固定,距骨及跟骨端使用5.0 mm界面螺钉固定。术后早期功能锻炼,末次随访应用美国足踝外科医师协会（American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society, AOFAS）踝与后足功能评分系统评价踝关节功能;采用疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评估疼痛情况;采用Sefton外侧副韧带重建疗效评价系统评估踝关节稳定性。结果 本组16例病人术后随访（16.8±4.3）个月（12~24个月）,均于术后3个月恢复正常体育活动,末次随访未观察到踝关节不稳定复发。AOFAS评分为（89.2±4.8）分,VAS评分为（0.7±0.6）分。依据Sefton评价标准：优9例,良5例,可2例,优良率为87.5%。结论 关节镜下自体半腱肌肌腱解剖重建踝关节外侧副韧带治疗慢性踝关节不稳定的近期疗效理想,并发症较少。     

小切口解剖重建踝关节外侧韧带复合体治疗慢性外踝不稳的临床疗效

目的:探讨解剖重建踝关节外侧韧带复合体治疗慢性外踝不稳的临床疗效。方法:自2005年9月至2010年3月,采用解剖重建距腓前韧带及跟腓韧带手术治疗慢性外踝不稳29例,男24例,女5例;年龄15～35岁,平均24岁;病史7个月～10年,平均10个月。主要临床表现为踝关节反复扭伤。查体时29例均有踝关节的内翻增加以及距骨前移增加,内翻活动度比健侧平均增加(12.5±3.2)°。术中先在踝关节镜下处理关节内病变。移植物为自体股薄肌腱,距骨止点以锚钉在骨表面固定,移植物通过腓骨远端的骨隧道,跟骨止点以挤压钉在骨隧道内固定。术后通过观察患者症状的变化、距骨内翻和前移的程度改变以及影像学变化来评价疗效,并以AOFAS后足功能评分评价踝关节功能。结果:所有患者手术成功,无骨折及感染发生。所有患者获得随访,时间16～60个月,平均28个月。终末随访时无踝关节不稳定或活动受限。术后踝关节内翻角度比对侧增加值为(2.5±0.8)°,低于术前(t=12.3,P=0.012);距骨前移距离(3.5±0.8)mm,较术前(16.3±4.0)mm下降(t=18.6,P=0.002);距骨倾斜角(4.5±1.0)°,较术前(17.5±3.6)°下降(t=9.7,P=0.035);AOFAS后足功能评分(92.8±6.2)分,较术前(48.0±6.7)分升高(t=25.3,P=0.001)。所有患者无严重并发症出现,对疗效满意。结论:自体股薄肌腱移植解剖重建踝关节外侧韧带复合体的手术方式符合解剖学重建理念,手术创伤小,术后恢复快,无严重并发症。该手术临床效果可靠,术后踝关节稳定性恢复良好,踝关节功能明显改善。