桶柄样撕裂半月板缝合的临床及影像效果

[目的]分析半月板桶柄样撕裂行关节镜下半月板缝合患者临床及MRI表现,评估术后效果。[方法]回顾性分析本院2012年8月～2015年8月关节镜下桶柄样撕裂半月板行复位缝合,伴前交叉韧带断裂者同时行前交叉韧带重建手术的25例患者,男21例,女4例,平均年龄(28.07±7.08)岁。采用Lysholm、IKDC评分和MRI检查评价治疗效果。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术,镜下证实内侧半月板损伤21例,外侧半月板损伤4例;撕裂部位位于红区17例,位于红白区8例;合并前交叉韧带断裂18例,未合并前交叉韧带断裂7例。所有患者随访13～24个月,平均(17.04±2.23)个月。随访过程中,2例单纯半月板缝合患者术后再次出现症状,再次行关节镜下部分切除未愈合的撕裂部分半月板。其余23例患者Lysholm评分由术前的(21.32±5.09)分提高到末次随访时(91.52±4.05)分(P0.05),IKDC膝关节功能主观评分由术前(25.00±4.59)分提高到末次随访时(91.32±4.26)分。MRI复查见半月板撕裂处T2质子相信号较术前明显降低,半月板形态恢复,未见明显新发撕裂,半月板愈合良好。[结论]半月板桶柄样撕裂经关节镜下缝合修复术临床效果满意,合并前交叉韧带损伤者同时进行前交叉韧带重建的效果优于单纯半月板缝合。     

关节镜下修补半月板桶柄样撕裂的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨关节镜下修补半月板桶柄样撕裂的临床疗效.方法 关节镜下对61例63个桶柄样撕裂的半月板行修补手术,男38例,女23例;年龄16～47岁,平均27岁.内侧半月板后体部至前体部区域撕裂及外侧半月板胴肌腱前方区域撕裂采用标准的白内向外缝合技术;内侧半月板后角区域撕裂采用经两个后内侧入路的全关节内缝合技术;外侧半月板后角区域撕裂采用经前方关节镜入路的全关节内缝合技术.结果 61例63个半月板随访时间24～66个月,平均38个月.其中51例(53个半月板)行二次关节镜检.44个半月板(83%)完全愈合,5个半月板(9.4%)部分愈合,4个半月板(7.5%)不愈合.61例患者均进行临床评估,其中53例(87%)无临床症状,4例(6.5%)有部分临床症状,4例(6.5%)绞锁复发.总体评估:失效率为7.9%(5/63),成功率92.1%(包括完全愈合、部分愈合、无临床症状及部分临床症状者).结论 对于发生在红一红区或红一白区的半月板桶柄样撕裂,采用多种缝合技术进行牢靠的修补缝合,并且与前十字韧带重建同期进行,可以获得约92%的成功率.     

四肢关节专用MRI对膝关节半月板桶柄样撕裂的诊断价值

目的探讨膝关节半月板桶柄样撕裂的MRI征象及其诊断价值。方法回顾分析膝关节半月板桶柄样撕裂23例,所有病例均经过四肢关节专用MRI检查并经关节镜证实。由2名有经验的放射科医师进行盲法阅片,记录并评价各征象的诊断价值。结果23例共见半月板桶柄样撕裂23个,其中发生于内侧半月板者16例(69.6%),外侧半月板者7例(30.4%)。出现领结消失征15例(65.2%),双前角征9例(39.1%),半月板翻转征3例(13.0%),髁间碎片征19例(82.6%),双后交叉韧带征7例(30.4%),后角比例失调征8例(34.8%)。序列试验显示各征象联合诊断时特异性明显提高,其中髁间碎片征和双后交叉韧带征联合的特异度达100%。结论MRI是半月板桶柄样撕裂理想的无创检查方法,有利于该疾病的术前诊断和手术计划制定。     

外侧半月板桶柄样撕裂联合缝合技术的应用

 目的 探讨关节镜下自内向外联合全内缝合技术修复外侧半月板桶柄样撕裂的临床效果。方法 2004年11月至2009年11月,应用关节镜下联合缝 合技术修复外侧半月板桶柄样撕裂17例,男10例,女7例;年龄17~42岁,平均27.8岁。使用自内向外缝合技术对外侧半月板腘肌腱前方区域的撕裂进行缝合,使 用全内缝合技术对半月板后角区域的撕裂进行缝合。随访时进行体格检查、MR检查和二次关节镜探查,评估半月板愈合情况。结果 13例患者获得随访,随访时 间1~5年,平均23.7个月。随访期间症状消失者12例（92.3％,12/13）,绞锁复发1例（7.7％,1/13）。MRI证实半月板完全愈合11例（84.6％,11/13）,部分 愈合1例（7.7％,1/13）,不愈合1例（7.7％,1/13）。12例患者行二次关节镜探查,其中完全愈合10例（83.3％,10/12）,部分愈合1例（8.3％,1/12）, 未愈合1例（8.3％,1/12）。结论 应用自内向外联合全内缝合技术修复外侧半月板桶柄样撕裂,经术后MRI和二次关节镜探查证实半月板愈合率超过90%。     

关节镜下双面立体缝合修复半月板桶柄状撕裂的中期疗效

目的探讨关节镜下应用双面立体缝合修复半月板桶柄状撕裂的中期疗效。方法 2009年1月-2012年12月,收治38例半月板桶柄状撕裂患者。男26例,女12例;年龄19~42岁,平均32岁。致伤原因:运动伤21例,交通事故伤11例,其他伤6例。左膝15例,右膝23例。伤后至手术时间为2 d~6个月,平均2.5个月。MRI提示半月板Ⅲ度损伤,内侧半月板22例、外侧半月板16例。于关节镜下采用上层面和下层面水平褥式缝合修复治疗。结果患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,未出现切口感染、不愈合等并发症。38例均获随访,随访时间18~36个月,平均24.5个月。按照Barrett等的标准,半月板均成功修复。术后6个月、12个月及末次随访时,患者膝关节Lysholm评分及膝关节活动度均显著优于术前,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论关节镜下双面立体缝合修复半月板桶柄状撕裂,具有缝合牢固、愈合率高等特点,可取得满意的中期疗效。     

膝关节半月板撕裂的磁共振表现

目的进一步认识膝关节半月板撕裂的磁共振成像(MRI)表现。方法回顾分析50例膝关节半月板撕裂的MRI资料,所有病例均经关节镜手术证实。采用永磁型MRI机,场强0.2T。结果50例半月板撕裂中,按照部位分类,半月板撕裂位于内侧半月板前角2例,内侧后角37例,外侧半月板前角5例,外侧后角3例,同时累及半月板前角、体部和后角者内侧2例,外侧1例。按照半月板撕裂的形式分为:水平撕裂8例;垂直撕裂4例;斜形撕裂26例;纵形撕裂3例;放射状撕裂4例;桶柄状撕裂2例;复杂撕裂3例。结论MRI能够清楚显示膝关节半月板撕裂的部位和形式,为临床治疗提供可靠的依据,是目前诊断半月板撕裂的最好的影像学检查方法。     

关节镜下半月板损伤修复的治疗方法

目的探讨关节镜下半月板损伤缝合修复术的治疗方法和效果。方法1998年6月~2003年5月,收治110例膝半月板损伤患者。其中男78例,女32例。年龄14~66岁,平均27.5岁。半月板滑膜缘纵裂93例,横裂12例,潜行撕裂5例。半月板损伤部位侧缘损伤78例,近前角部损伤23例,近后角部损伤9例。术前Lysholm评分为57±12分。均在关节镜下应用可吸收缝线缝合修复损伤的半月板,其中2针91例,4针13例,6针4例,8针2例。术后行康复训练及随访观察效果。结果术后关节无血肿、伤口期愈合。全部获随访12~67个月,平均26个月。3例患者劳累后出现膝关节胀痛,1例半月板损伤症状再出现,再手术探查见半月板缝合处未完全愈合,行半月板部分切除,术后痊愈。其余患者症状消失,关节功能良好。术后Lysholm评分为92±7分。结论关节镜下半月板损伤缝合修复术安全、可靠、操作简便。缝线吸收后,避免对半月板的制约,使愈合的半月板更好地发挥其生理和生物力学功能。     

前交叉韧带合并不同类型半月板损伤的治疗策略

背景:前交叉韧带合并半月板损伤临床常见,针对不同的损伤类型,采取不同的治疗策略,对术后膝关节功能恢复至关重要。目的目的:研究前交叉韧带合并半月板不同损伤类型的特点,探讨相应的治疗策略。方法方法:选取2005年10月至2013年12月期间收治的前交叉韧带合并半月板损伤患者139例,男98例,女41例;年龄13~71岁,平均31.2岁;左膝62例,右膝77例,病程5 d至1.6年,陈旧性损伤(病程>3周)32例,新鲜性损伤(病程≤3周)107例。患者均有外伤史。临床主要表现为膝关节不稳、疼痛、弹响、绞锁。将术中镜下影像资料进行分析,统计前交叉韧带合并半月板损伤的类型特征及手术方式。结果结果:所有病例均采用关节镜微创手术治疗,前交叉韧带完全断裂113例,部分断裂26例。外侧半月板损伤46例(盘状半月板损伤8例,胫骨髁间棘撕脱2例)占33.1%,内侧半月板损伤65例(46.7%),内外侧半月板同期损伤28例(20.2%)。半月板纵行撕裂42例(桶柄状撕裂24例),水平状撕裂8例,斜行撕裂36例,瓣状撕裂13例,横断性撕裂12例,复合性撕裂28例。前交叉韧带重建139例,半月板部分切除36例,半月板缝合103例。结论结论:陈旧性前交叉韧带合并半月板损伤以外侧半月板多见,急性损伤以内侧半月板损伤为主。内外侧半月板同期损伤多见于陈旧性损伤。陈旧性损伤多数需要半月板部分切除,急性损伤多数可以缝合。前交叉韧带合并半月板损伤应早期手术。     

囊肿切除联合撕裂半月板缝合术治疗半月板囊肿的临床研究

[目的]探讨关节镜下半月板囊肿切除后联合半月板撕裂全关节内缝合技术的临床应用特点.[方法]2006年8月～2008年5月共收集19例外侧半月板囊肿病例,其中男7例,女12例,通过MRI检查:其中半月板撕裂合并半月板囊肿14例,单纯滑膜囊肿5例,最终关节镜下诊断半月板撕裂合并半月板囊肿15例,单纯滑膜囊肿4例,通过关节镜将囊肿切除后,利用肩关节镜缝合器械将损伤的半月板缝合,继而进行有效的康复计划.然后应用Lysholm评分系统对术前术后的关节功能进行比较.[结果]平均随访20.5个月,所有病例恢复了正常的运动,没有发现关节内或关节外的术后并发症的产生.Lysholm scores 术前平均(64±5)分,术后平均(94±3)分.应用Studeng-t检验术前和术后的关节功能评分有显著的差异(P＜0.001).其中13例镜下随访发现11例完全愈合,2例不完全愈合.[结论]关节镜下半月板囊肿切除后联合半月板撕裂全关节内缝合技术(all-inside)无论在操作方面还是半月板的愈合方面都是一种简单有效的方法,是关节镜技术的一项创新和发展.     

半月板Ramp损伤手术治疗研究进展

<正>半月板撕裂的处理原则和手术方式主要取决于撕裂的部位和严重程度。1983年,Hamberg等^[1]首次报道缝合修复对内侧半月板后角撕裂的重要意义。1988年,Strobel^[2]将这种位于内侧半月板后角、累及后角本身及其与关节囊的移行结构的半月板撕裂称为半月板Ramp损伤(meniscus ramp lesion,MRL)。随着学界对内侧半月板后角(posterior horn of the medial meniscus,PHMM)的解剖学结构的认识逐渐加深以及影像学技术的不断发展,越来越多的Ramp损伤在临床中诊断,尤其是在前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)损伤时,并发Ramp损伤的占比为9.3%～42%^[3～6]。近年来,不伴有明显ACL损伤的孤立性Ramp损伤也逐渐报道^[7]。     

Arthroscopic Pullout Repair of a Complete Radial Tear of the Tibial Attachment Site of the Medial Meniscus Posterior Horn

We developed an effective arthroscopic pullout technique for repairing complete radial tears of the tibial attachment site of the medial meniscus posterior horn (MMPH). In our technique, the torn meniscus is reattached to the tibial plateau immediately medial or anteromedial to the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) using two No. 2 Ethibond sutures (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ). After a complete radial tear of the tibial attachment site of the MMPH and its reparability were confirmed, using a Caspari suture loaded with a suture shuttle, one No. 2 Ethibond suture is placed through the meniscus, through the red-red zone, 3 to 5 mm medial to the torn edge of the MMPH, and the other is passed through the meniscocapsular junction 3 to 5 mm medial to the torn edge of the meniscus. Then, a tibial tunnel, 5-mm in diameter, is made from the anteromedial aspect of the proximal tibia to the previously prepared tibial plateau, immediately medial or anteromedial to the PCL, and the two No. 2 Ethibond sutures are pulled out through the tibial tunnel and then fixed to the proximal tibia using a 3.5-mm cortical screw and washer. Firm reattachment of the torn meniscus was confirmed arthroscopically.     

Repair of meniscal tears with the absorbable Clearfix screw: results after 1–3 years

Introduction Total meniscus resection usually leads to osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Preservation and refixation of the injured menisci are therefore of great clinical importance.Materials and methods The present study examines 40 meniscal injuries in 37 patients that were arthroscopically treated with Clearfix meniscal screws (Mitek, Norderstedt, Germany) in the period from August 1999 to December 2002. The mean patient age was 27.7 (range 16–62) years. Nine patients were female. A total of 24 patients (27 meniscal tears) also had an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) lesion, and 5 patients had cartilage injuries. Twenty-two patients were treated within the first 2 weeks following the trauma, 10 patients within 8 weeks, and 5 patients after 8 weeks. The lesions were a bucket-handle tear of the medial meniscus in 11 cases and a bucket-handle tear of the lateral meniscus in 2 cases. The posterior horn of the medial meniscus was torn in 13 cases, and the pars intermedia in 3 cases. The posterior horn of the lateral meniscus was torn in 8 cases, and the pars intermedia in 3 cases. The mean tear length was 2.9 (±1.5) cm and was fixed with an average of 1.8 (±0.7) screws. In 7 cases, the anterior horn was treated with an additional meniscal suture. A total of 35 patients were examined after an average of 18 (range 7–45) months.Results In the event of a moderate outcome, MRI was performed as part of the follow-up investigation. The average Lysholm score was 93 (±7.4), the Tegner activity index was 6.3 (±2.0) before the accident and 5.8 (±2.0) at the follow-up, the Marshall knee score was 47 (±3.8). The VAS pain assessment was 1.6 (±1.3) and the VAS function assessment was 7.9 (±1.6). Of the 7 patients with a moderate result, 2 patients without additional ligament lesions suffered re-ruptures after 6 and 13 months, respectively. The other 5 patients with a moderate result each had multiple accompanying injuries or pre-existing damage to the affected knee joint.Conclusion The Clearfix screws achieved a clinical success rate of 82% in isolated meniscal tears in stable knee joints and a clinical success rate of 100% with additional ACL reconstruction. In view of the good clinical results and the simple procedure for use, the implant should be recommended for meniscal refixation.     

A new, all-inside technique for meniscus repair.

A new method for arthroscopic meniscal repair using sutures with multiple knots was developed, and its mechanical strength was evaluated. Sutures are passed arthroscopically through the torn meniscus using a needle with a cleft in its tip, and when the needle is withdrawn, knots are placed both in the meniscus and the joint capsule. Our method does not require additional skin incisions and can be performed for repair of posterior tears. Furthermore, this all-inside technique minimizes the risk of popliteal neurovascular injury. Biomechanical analysis using bovine menisci showed that the maximum frictional force between the suture and meniscus was greater than the maximum strength of a suture itself. Our method is simple and rapid, making it easy to insert multiple sutures to achieve adequate stability.     

A novel suture technique using the FasT-Fix combined with Ultrabraid for pullout repair of the medial meniscus posterior root tear

Medial meniscus posterior root has an important role in the maintenance of knee articular cartilage. Although pullout repair of the medial meniscus posterior root tear has become a gold standard, it has several difficulties for suturing. We have developed a modified Mason–Allen suture technique using the FasT-Fix all-inside suture device combined with Ultrabraid. The present suture technique allows a strong grasping of the medial meniscus posterior horn for arthroscopic pullout repair.     

Entrapment of the meniscus in a fracture of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia

Summary: Entrapment of the meniscus in a fracture of the tibial intercondylar eminence is very rare. We have experienced 2 cases of it and report on them to emphasize the importance of diagnostic arthroscopy especially for meniscal injuries in tibial intercondylar eminence fracture. Our case series was composed of 2 patients (a 30-year-old man and a 54-year-old woman). Both had been in a car accident and showed a type III fracture of the tibial intercondylar eminence on the initial radiographs. During arthroscopic examination, we found a bucket-handle tear of the lateral meniscus, and, in 1 case, the entire torn portion was displaced medially and entrapped in the fracture site, and in the other case, a longitudinally torn medial meniscus (the mid to anterior horn), of which the torn portion of the medial meniscus was rotated internally and entrapped in the fracture site. They were treated with arthroscopic meniscal repair or partial meniscectomy with pullout suture for the fracture of the tibial eminence. The results were excellent. At 6-month follow-up, the woman denied any pain and limitation of motion. At 1-year follow-up in the other case, the man did not have any complaint except slight limitation of knee flexion due to arthrofibrosis. After arthroscopic fibrolysis in the second-look operation, he showed normal range of motion of the knee. In conclusion, entrapped meniscus can cause pain, lack of full knee extension, and minimal anterior instability. Also, it tends to hinder the reduction of a fracture of the tibial eminence. Thus, arthroscopy should be diagnostic, and release of the trapped meniscus, if present, with partial meniscectomy or meniscal repair would be expected to relieve the symptoms.Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 16, No 4 (May-June), 2000: pp 7–7     

Bucket handle tear of a discoid medial meniscus. Arthroscopic diagnosis--partial excision. A case report

A case of a rare, large discoid medial meniscus with a bucket-handle tear is described. The radiogram was normal and the clinical impression was torn medial meniscus. A diagnostic arthroscopy revealed an unusually large medial discoid meniscus with a bucket-handle tear. Open partial excision was performed following the arthroscopy.     

关节镜下半月板切除与缝合修补治疗半月板桶柄样撕裂的临床对比研究

目的 通过对比分析关节镜下缝合修补术和半月板次全/全切除术治疗半月板桶柄样撕裂的临床疗效,探讨缝合修补治疗半月板桶柄样撕裂的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2009年1月经关节镜治疗的34例(34膝)半月板桶柄样撕裂患者,其中采用全内缝合或全内和外内联合缝合的患者15例(A组),男9例,女6例;平均年龄为(30.3±6.8)岁;受伤至手术时间平均为(10.6±3.8)d;内侧半月板损伤12例,外侧半月板损伤3例.同期采用半月板次全/全切除术19例(B组),男11例,女8例;平均年龄为(29.1±5.5)岁,受伤至手术时间平均为(10.2 ±2.8)d;内侧半月板损伤15例,外侧半月板损伤4例.记录两组的手术时间,并通过患者的症状、体征、关节活动度和Lysholm评分等比较两组患者疗效.结果 手术时间:A组为(71.3±8.8)min,B组为(45.7±9.4)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组患者术后获12～24个月(平均17.2个月)随访.术后6个月关节活动度A组平均为138.7°±5.1°,B组平均为136.0°±4.6°;术后12个月关节活动度A组平均为140.1°±3.1°,B组平均为139.8°±3.3°,两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后6个月Lysholm评分A组平均为(90.1±7.1)分,B组平均为(89.9±6.9)分,差异元统计学意义(P>0.05);术后12个月Lysholm评分A组平均为(94.5 ±3.9)分,B组平均为(90.3±5.8)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组优于B组.结论 对于大型半月板撕裂,采用合适的缝合技术可使撕裂的全长段获得有效修补,能尽可能多地保留半月板的功能,临床疗效优于传统的半月板次全/全切除术.     

Kombinierte Verletzung des Innen- und Außenmeniskus und des vorderen Kreuzbandes

THE PROBLEM: Combined injury of the medial and lateral meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament. THE SOLUTION: One-stage arthroscopic treatment of all injuries. Repair of the bucket-handle tears with sutures and arrow-shaped implants. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Arthroscopy of the knee joint, repositioning of the buckethandle tears of the medial and lateral menisci. Evaluation of the stability of the menisci without sutures, insertion of horizontal and vertical sutures through the menisci in inside-out technique, refixation of the posterior horns with arrow-shaped meniscus implants. Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with a patellar tendon transplant. Knotting of the suture loops through the menisci directly onto the capsule. RESULT: Stable knee joint capable of load bearing and without signs of irritation after 12 weeks with a range of motion of 0/0/130 degrees. Slight muscle deficit in the right thigh.