阿苯达唑和甲苯达唑对蛔虫和钩虫作用的超微结构观察

在体外美洲钩虫成虫接触药物后活动性明显下降，体表皱缩，随着作用时间延长，蠕动缓慢，咽收缩无力并且不规律，体态膨胀不均匀，48小时内虫体趋于不动。药物对体内蛔虫和体外钩虫作用的超微结构显示：微绒毛变性且部分消失；肠细胞分泌颗粒积聚并融合，出现自噬空泡，糖原减少，线粒体变性。蛔虫卵细胞间出现溶酶体，子宫细胞内质网疏松，分泌颗粒融合，糖原缺乏；精细胞充满致密小体，线粒体广泛变性。未见钩虫生殖细胞超微结构明显变化。     

SOME FACTORS AFFECTING RIGHT AND LEFT ATRIAL WEIGHTS AND VOLUMES AND TOTAL HEART WEIGHT

The hearts from 156 patients who came to routine hospital autopsy were examined. The amount of epicardial fat was assessed by macroscopic examination, the amount of atrial fat was assessed by microscopic examination and the thickness of the body fat was measured at the midline ventral incision. The patient's age, sex, and height were recorded, and the degree of rigor mortis of the heart assessed. The hearts were weighed, the volume of each atrium was measured, and the atria were individually dissected and weighed. Correlations were sought between atrial weights and volumes and the patient's age, sex, height, amount of body and heart fat, and the degree of rigor mortis of the heart. The total heart weight, both atrial weights and both atrial volumes were greater for males than for females. For each sex the right atrial volume was significantly greater than the left atrial volume, but right and left atrial weights did not differ significantly. Significant positive correlations existed between right and left atrial weights. For both sexes, also, each atrial weight was correlated with its corresponding atrial volume. For males, atrial magnitudes were positively correlated with body height and with the thickness of body fat. For females, left atrial volumes only were positively correlated with the thickness of body fat, and there were no positive correlations with height. For females, but not for males, both atrial weights were positively correlated with age. The total heart weight for males was greatest in taller, fatter subjects, but for females it was greatest in shorter, fatter subjects. For both sexes, atrial magnitudes correlated positively with total heart weight, independently of the amount of heart fat. The amount of epicardial fat (assessed by macroscopic examination) was positively correlated with the thickness of subcutaneous fat, while the amount of atrial fat (assessed by microscopic examination) was not.     

SKIN COLLAGEN AND THICKNESS IN ACROMEGALY AND HYPOPITUITARISM

The thickness of the forearm skin and its collagen content and density were measured in a group of patients with acromegaly and hypopituitarism. In acromegaly the total content, thickness and collagen density were all increased. There was a smaller and less consistent increase in percentage collagen content. In hypopituitarism total skin collagen and thickness were both decreased and collagen density and percentage collagen content remained normal.     

SKIN COLLAGEN AND THICKNESS IN HYPERTHYROIDISM AND MYXOEDEMA

Skin thickness, collagen content and density have been measured in patients with thyrotoxicosis and myxoedema. In hyperthyroidism the skin was of normal thickness but the absolute collagen content and density of collagen were both increased as was the percentage collagen content. In myxoedema both absolute percentage collagen content and density remained normal but the skin thickness was significantly increased and this correlated well with the severity of hypothyroidism and response to treatment.     

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INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR AND ITS CARRIER PROTEIN IN HYPOPITUITARY AND HYPOTHYROID CHILDREN AND ADULTS

Utilizing radioligand assays for the somatomedin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and its carrier protein (CP), we have compared their serum levels in normal subjects with those in patients with hypopituitarism and hypothyroidism. The mean (±SEM) serum IGF concentration in children (n= 32, 2–13 yr, 929 ± 46 μU/ml) was virtually identical to that in adults (n= 20, 18–50 yr, 916·29 μU/ml), while CP levels in the former (1·8 ± 0·1 mg/ml) were significantly lower (P < 0·01) than in the latter (2·9 ± 0·1 mg/ml). Both serum IGF and CP were significantly decreased (P < 0·001) in hypopituitary children (n= 5, 6–8 yr, 377 ± 52 μU/ml and 0·9 ± 0·1 mg/ml respectively). Likewise, serum IGF and CP were significantly reduced (P < 0·05) in hypothyroid children (n= 10, 1–15 yr, 497 ± 24 μU/ml and 0·8 ± 0·1 mg/ml respectively) and adults (n= 12, 25–55 yr, 723 ± 40 μU/ml and 1·8 ± 0·2 mg/ml respectively). Growth hormone therapy (4 days) significantly increased (P < 0·05) serum IGF in hypopituitary children (336 ± 80 to 559 ± 59 μU/ml) but did not change the CP level (0·7 ± 0·2 to 0·7 ± 0·1 mg/ml). Thyroxine therapy (4–8 months) significantly increased (P < 0·05) both serum IGF and CP levels in hypothyroid children (497 ± 24 to 666 ± 38 μU/ml, and 0·8 ± 0·1 to 1·0 ± 0·1 mg/ml respectively) but had no effect in adults (723 ± 40 to 937 ± 132 μU/ml, and 1·8 ± 0·2 to 2·1 ± 0·2 mg/ml respectively). These studies indicate that growth retardation in children with hypopituitarism and hypothyroidism is associated with significant reductions in serum IGF and CP levels that are corrected, at least in part, by adequate hormone replacement therapy.