肿瘤免疫编辑研究现状

免疫系统抑制肿瘤生长的同时肿瘤的恶性程度逐渐强化,这一过程被称作为"肿瘤免疫编辑".这一概念的是在对肿瘤免疫学认识不断深入的基础上提出的,分免疫清除、免疫对抗、免疫逃逸3个阶段.现就肿瘤免疫编辑的3个过程及最新进展做一综述,有助于设计更合理的方案,更好的防癌抗癌.     

应激反应时机体免疫功能变化的动态观察

实验以寒冷（４℃）和高压电场为受试条件，用ＮＫ活性％、ＭФ活性、抗体产生能力、ＩＬ－２产生能力作指标，观察受试动物在应激状态时免疫功能的动态变化。结果表明，第一周受试动物在高压电场作用下机体免疫功能有一过性升高，而在寒冷条件下却呈一过性下降，自第二周起逐渐恢复至正常。连续观察３～８周，各项免疫指标也无明显变化。初步证实，高压电场作用可引起短时间的阳性应激反应，而寒冷条件可引起短时间的阴性应激反应，但均对机体没有不良影响。     

黄南州三次六轮脊髓灰质炎强化免疫日活动效果评价

为了短期内迅速提高人群免疫水平，切断脊瞩灰质炎传播途径，实现消灭脊灰的目标，我州和全国同步于1993／1994、1994／1995和1995／1996年度，按照《全国消灭脊瞩灰质炎强化免疫日活动方案细则》对全州范围内居住的所有0～47月龄儿童，进行三次六轮脊瞩灰质炎强化免疫活动，并取得较好成绩。现将结果报告如下：结果1报告接种率：全州四县报告接种率：1993／1994年度第一、第二轮接种率分别为98．35％、97．62％；1994／1995年度第一、第二轮接种率分别为96．26％、98．70％；1995／1996年度第一、第二轮接种率分别为98．42％、97．49％，见…     

白血病患者红细胞免疫功能的观察

用免疫学技术测定 98例白血病患者红细胞C3b受体花环及免疫复合物花环和循环免疫复合物 (CIC)水平 ,并与 40例健康人比较 ,结果提示 :白血病患者红细胞C3b受体花环低于正常人 ,红细胞免疫复合物花环高于正常人 ,免疫复合物水平高于正常人 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;红细胞C3b受体花环与血清免疫复合物花环之间无相关关系 (r =- 0 .2 0 4 ,P >0 .0 5 ) ;红细胞免疫复合物花环与血清CIC水平呈正相关 (r =0 .497,P <0 .0 1 )。故测定白血病患者红细胞免疫功能 ,对了解患者的免疫状态具有一定的临床价值     

控制与消除麻疹的策略和主要障碍

首先是疫苗免疫策略：WHO推荐采取三步策略，即首先开展初始强化免疫活动，迅速提高人群免疫水平；其次加强常规免疫接种工作，使人群保持高度免疫水平；最后再定期开展后续强化免疫活动，消除人群中的易感者。目前，我国一些省份已根据当地的情况，针对不同人群开展了麻疹疫苗的强化免疫活动，取得了较好效果。从全球来看，由于全球麻疹疫苗的接种率不太稳定，因此要利用一切机会给儿童接种疫苗；减少不必要的禁忌证，提高免疫接种率，     

青海省海东地区1993—1996年度三次强化免疫活动评价分析

青海省海东地区１９９３～１９９６年度三次强化免疫活动评价分析青海省海东地区卫生防疫站吴国祥强化免疫活动是为了迅速提高人群免疫水平，有效地保护易感人群，从而达到如期实现消灭脊髓灰质炎的目的。按全省统一布署，海东地区已进行了１９９３～１９９６年度三次六轮...     

四株钩端螺旋体外膜单克隆抗体的建立,鉴定及对外膜蛋白抗原...

Four McAbs (1A7E7, 2F9D4, 2G3H5, 1A7H12) against outer membrane antigens of L. interrogans serovar Lai strain 017 were produced by hybridoma technique. McAb 1A7E7 was identified to be IgG2a, the rest IgG1 by immunodiffusion. Outer membrane antigens of three pathogenic leptospiral strains (017, 601, 156) and two non-pathogenic leptospiral strains (Patoc I, 3055) were analysed by SDS- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting with McAbs. It was found that McAb 1A7E7 recognized specifically the 42kd antigenic band of strain 017; McAb 2F9D4 the 42kd antigenic bands of strain 017, 601, 156, and McAbs 2G3H5 and 1A7H12 the 31 kd antigenic bands of 017, 601, 156. Further study of antigenic properties possessed by pathogenic leptospira may provide some new clues to look for specific diagnostic and protective antigens.     

人子宫颈粘液抗菌多肽的分离

The acid-soluble extract of human cervical mucus was obtained by solving mucus with 5% acetic acid in the presence of protease inhibitor. The antibacterial activity of the acid-soluble extract was analyzed by gel overlay technique. The result showed that two protein bands which were designated human cervical protein-1 (Hcp-1), human cervical protein-2(Hcp-2) were potently antibacterial against E. coli 25922 and S. aureus 25923. Tricine-SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that Hcp-1, Hcp-2 actually contained three and four protein bands respectively. The molecular weights of Hcp-1 were 6.7 kd, 10 kd, 15.4 kd; these of Hcp-2 were 4.4 kd, 6.7 kd, 9 kd, 15.4 kd. Our studies suggested that human cervical mucosa might secrete some currently-unknown antibacterial polypeptides which play an important role in the cervical defense against infection.     

赖型017株钩体疏水外膜蛋白及其免疫特征的研究

采用低浓度非离子型去污剂ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１１４（ＴＸ－１１４）后提和分离问号状钩端螺旋体（钩体）黄疸出血群赖型０１７株（０１７），选择性地将钩体外膜蛋白分离为ＴＸ－１１４疏水相和亲水相两个部分。疏水相外膜蛋白含５条主要蛋白区带，其分子量分别为６６ｋｄ、３９ｋｄ、３５ｋｄ、２７ｋｄ和６ｋｄ，，ａｄｋｈｗｃｙ ３９ｋｄ外膜蛋白区带可特异地分别被抗全０１７血清，抗０１７外膜血清和抗０１７保护性单克隆抗体     

人消化系肿瘤染色质非组蛋白电泳图谱分析及免疫原性研究

从人食管癌、胃癌、直肠癌、肝癌及胎儿肝和从距癌>5cm的癌旁作为对照组织的细胞核中,分别用0.4MNaCl盐提法、苯酚提取法和羟基磷灰石柱层析法提取染色质非组蛋白蛋白质,简称非组蛋白(NHP)进行电泳图谱分析并将不同方法提取的癌NHP作为抗原制备免疫血清做对比免疫组化反应。结果表明①用0.4MNaCl盐提之NHP的质和量更适于作为抗原制备免疫血清和进行免疫组化染色。②以上各种肿瘤NHP与其癌旁NHP之间均有质和量的差异。③不同肿瘤NHP具有组织特异性,然而各种瘤之间也具有相似的共性,即癌NHP之多加带主位于6万d～9万d;多变带区主位于4万d上下处(肝癌NHP之多变带区主位于5万d及8万d);而且肝癌NHP与胎肝NHP有相似处。结果提示癌NHP之多加或加深带可能与癌基因表达的激活有关;而缺如或减弱带可能与载有抗癌基因的染色体区带丢失或基因表达改变有关。     

Chemistry and immunochemistry analysis of the soluble antigens of newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis]

The soluble antigens of newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis were characterized in terms of molecular weight of protein, glycoprotein and lipoprotein contents, and immunochemistry. After the antigens were separated with SDS-PAGE and then followed by ultrasensitive silver staining, at least 40 bands of proteins were noted. Correspondingly, 28 bands of glycoproteins and 9 bands of lipoproteins were revealed as the similar gels were stained by the hypersensitive periodic acid silver and Nile's blue staining respectively. Six specific bands were recognized using polyclonal antibodies in the serum of rabbits immunized with antigens of newborn larvae by immunoblotting. All of them are glycoproteins. The components of the antigens with molecular weight (MW) 41.5 kd, 40 kd, 29.5 kd, 25 kd, 11 kd and 18 kd were found to be species specific and newborn larva stage-specific target antigen relevantly.     

针对问号钩体赖型外膜的抗原分析

作者采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和免疫印迹技术,对黄疸出血群赖型017株和601株、七日热群七日热型156株、澳洲群澳洲型620株以及塞马伦群帕托克型Patoc Ⅰ株等5株钩体外膜进行分析。检测到具有免疫保护作用和抑制钩体粘附作用的单克隆抗体E_4B_7D_5能特异地识别赖型017株和601株钩体外膜的34.5kd和39.5kd两条蛋白带,而同其余3株钩体外膜蛋白无反应。由此提示该两条蛋白带可能为钩体外膜保护性抗原。     

旋毛虫新生蚴抗原的化学及免疫化学分析

作者采用SDS-PAGE分离旋毛虫新生蚴虫体可溶性抗原,然后分别用戊二醛-氨银、过碘酸-氨银、耐尔氏蓝液等染色,分析该抗原蛋白质性质和测定分子量;用免疫印迹试验分析抗原的免疫化学性质。结果显示:旋毛虫新生蚴虫体可溶性抗原至少含40个蛋白质组分,其中28个为糖蛋白,9个为脂蛋白;有6个靶抗原组分,均为糖蛋白,其中分子量41.5、40、29.5、25、11kd组分及18kd组分分别为旋毛虫虫种及新生蚴期特异的靶抗原。     

Paraneoplastic pemphigus with autoantibody deposition in bronchial epithelium after autologous bone marrow transplantation.

Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a newly described syndrome in which patients have a severe mucocutaneous eruption with clinical features reminiscent of both erythema multiforme major (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) and pemphigus vulgaris, in association with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and other malignant neoplasms. These patients have autoantibodies that bind to a characteristic set of epidermal proteins: desmoplakin I and desmoplakin II (molecular weight equals 250 kd and 210 kd, respectively), both major cytoskeletal structural proteins associated with desmosome cellular junctions within all epithelia, the bullous pemphigoid antigen, a 230 kd protein associated with hemidesmosomes, and a 190,000-d protein that has not been characterized. In this report, we describe a patient with paraneoplastic pemphigus who had (1) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in apparent complete remission following autologous bone marrow transplantation, (2) very tense blisters reminiscent of bullous pemphigoid, (3) a unique pattern of immune deposits within the skin, and (4) IgG deposits within the epithelium of the pulmonary bronchi associated with respiratory compromise.     

钩端螺旋体澳洲群体特异性McAb的建立,鉴定及群特异性...

Spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with whole Leptospira interrogans serogroup Australis serovar australis strain 620 were fused with myeloma cells line SP2/0. Specificities of four McAbs determined by MAT. 2E1 McAb (IgG3) reacted with 11 serovars, of the Australis serogroup, but did not react with 22 representative serovars of L. interrogans in 20 serogroups, L. biflexa strain patoc I and Leptonema illini strain 3055. 2E1 McAb showed serogroup specificity for Australis by agglutination and the other 3 McAbs showed partial serogroup specificity. We compared the outer envelope (OE) protein profiles of serovar australis strain 620 with those of two pathogenic L. interrogans serovar lai strain 601 and serovar hebdomadis strain 156 by SDS-PAGE. 63kd protein profile was only found in the OE of strain 620, and the quantity of 42kd protein of strain 620 was greater than that of strain 601 and 156. The immunoblotting revealed that 2E1 McAb reacted with a 34kd band in the OE preparation of serovar australis strain 620, but did not react with that of other two L. interrogans. 2E1 McAb also did not react with OE of non-pathogenic leptospires. It was suggested that 34kd protein might contain the antigenic determinants which were shared by leptospires of Australis serogroup.     

抗斯氏狸殖吸虫单克隆抗体识别和检测抗原分子量

作者用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离斯氏狸殖吸虫抗原,并通过转移电泳转至国产混合纤维素酯滤膜上,用特异单克隆抗体进行识别,检测识别的抗原区带的分子量。制备的三株单克隆抗体(A_6、D_(10)、E_9)共识别6条抗原区带,抗原的分子量分别为182、152、109、21、17.8和14.5kd。