大鼠摄入铝、氟及其不同比例混合物后血和骨中铝氟含量分析

将大鼠分为对照、单纯氟、单纯高、中、低剂量铝及高、中、低剂量铝加氟混合等8个组,分别以拌饲喂养12周,取全血或血清及肱骨,作氟、铝、钙、磷定量分析。结果显示:单纯氟组的血和骨氟均升高,以骨氟为甚,超过对照组十多倍;单铝组的血和骨铝与投量不平行,中铝组反比高铝组高;铝氟混合各组的血和骨氟均下降,血氟可恢复至正常水平,但骨氟则否,显示铝拮抗氟的吸收。若以血和骨铝为指标,则低、中剂量铝是氟拮抗铝的吸收,高剂量铝则氟增强铝的吸收;实验中血清磷均升高,血清钙不受干扰,骨钙、骨磷则在单纯氟组、高铝组及高铝加氟组均下降。作者对铝吸收与投铝量不平行及氟对吸收的双相影响的机理进行了讨论。     

不同比例铝氟混合物联合作用的急性实验研究

The joint actions were assessed by four methods after male Wistar rats had been acutely intoxicated with nine proportional mixtures of Al and F. Strong antagonistic effects of Al on F were observed in the mixtures, in which the ratio of Al to F ranged from 0.8:0.2 to 0.1:0.9. The optimum ratio of Al to F for antagonism ranged from 0.3:0.7 to 0.1:0.9 without periorbital bleeding that was a regular finding in Al acute toxicity on the rat to be seen. When the amount of Al in the mixture was below 5% or above 90%, no antagonistic effect was shown. The kinetics on the absorption under the condition of Al and F existing simultaneously is still unknown, and warrants further investigation.     

贵州水城氟铝联合中毒病区患者血和尿中微量元素分析

采集氟铝联合中毒病区和非病区2～14岁的儿童、少年共68例的血和尿,分别作9和10种微量元素分析。结果表明病区患者血Al、尿F、Al含量增加,骨软化病人尿钙明显增加,患者与对照组比较,各元素的相关关系发生明显变化,提示氟铝联合中毒患者所表现出的骨软化畸形不只是由于单纯的F、Al增加所致,而是与其它各元素之间的平衡失调有一定关系。     

铝氟及其混合液大鼠小肠原位灌流对酶活性的影响

The tritiated alpha-isobutylhydroxybenzyl alcohol (3H-G018) was found to be able to bind benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor on the rat brain membrane. The 125I labeled G-018 also had the similar binding activity with this receptor. In the present investigation, we observed that gastrodigenin and its derivatives inhibited the 125I-G018 binding of BZ receptor competitively, but no inhibition was observed with gastrodin. The results suggested that Gastrodigenin was bound to BZ receptor, and otherwise, gastrodin would have no direct interaction with BZ receptor. Probably, it might metabolize into gastrodigenin in vivo, and then got through the blood brain barrier and bound to BZ receptor, which mediated its pharmacological effects on the central nervous system.     

样品加入法测定血氟含量

国内外的资料认为以血氟浓度表示肌体的氟危害有一定的意义［１］。在地方性氟中毒防治、科研工作中,了解血液中氟的不同存在方式及其含量分布有十分重要的意义。但由于血中氟含量通常较低,用常见的氟离子选择测定不易获得准确的结果,本文用样品加入法测定血中氟化物的含量,获得了令人满意的结果。１材料与方法１．１仪器和试剂１．１．１仪器：负离子选择电极;氟化银参比电极;数字式离子计;恒温磁力搅拌器。１．１．２试剂：①氟化钠标准贮备液：１０５℃烘干２ｈ的优级纯氟化钠（ ＮａＦ）冷却后称取 １． １１０ｇ,溶于水中定溶…     

不同比例铝氟混合物联合作用的急性实验研究

作者用9种不同比例的铝与氟混合物对雄性Wistar大鼠急性染毒,以常用的4种检验联合作用的方法,评价其联合作用的性质。结果显示,铝与氟之间的联合作用主要表现为铝对氟的拮抗作用。拮抗作用范围Al:F为0.8:0.2～0.1:0.9之间,最适拮抗作用Al:F为0.3:0.7～0.1:0.9之间,铝含量低于或等于5％,高于或等于90％时,无拮抗作用。     

大鼠小肠原位灌流研究铝,氟混合物的吸收过程

Mixtures of aluminum an fluorine in two different ratios in tris-hydroxy-methyl-aminomethane buffered media of pH 7.0 were perfused respectively through the small intestine of the in vivo rat over a period of 40 min. The contents of aluminum and fluorine in the portal vein blood obtained from different perfusion periods were detected and determined simultaneously. The results showed that fluorine absorption was not significant in the mixtures. An obviously large amount of aluminum was absorbed in the mixture with a higher proportion of aluminum (4660 micrograms/ml Al + 200 micrograms/ml F/L), while in the mixture with a lower dose of aluminum (860 micrograms/ml Al + 200 micrograms F/L), a small quantity of aluminum was absorbed. It is evident that the mechanism by which aluminum inhibits fluorine toxicity is that aluminum decreases the intestinal fluorine absorption by the formation of aluminum fluoride complex.     

测定氟中毒大鼠骨氟及尿氟含量的实验研究

目的研究氟中毒大鼠机体内氟的蓄积情况。方法将20只12周龄的SD大鼠随机分为对照组和氟中毒组,其中对照组8只,氟中毒组12只。氟中毒组每天腹腔注射1.0 g/L NaF（10 ml/kg）,对照组每天腹腔注射0.9 g/L NaCl溶液（10 ml/kg）,45 d后测定大鼠尿氟和骨氟含量。统计学处理采用POMS 2.0版统计学软件包,组间比较用t检验,P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果氟中毒组与对照组相比,骨氟含量显著升高（t=2.8,P=0.012 8）;尿氟含量显著升高（t=7.11,P〈0.01）。结论氟中毒大鼠机体内有过量氟蓄积。     

Effects of aluminum, fluorine and their mixtures on the enzyme activities of jejunal mucus membrane in the perfusion of small intestine of rats in vivo]

Buffer (control), F as NaF (100 mmol/L), Al as AlCl3 (32 and 170 mmol/L) and the two mixtures of Al and F (Al:F = 0.3:0.7 and 0.7:0.3) in Tris-buffered media of pH 7.0 were respectively perfused through the small intestine of rats over a period of 40 min. The jejunum was taken out from each animal immediately. Some of its parts were for HE staining; and the others for enzyme histochemical staining. Fifteen enzymes were observed. The results showed that (1) Fluorine chiefly inhibited the metal-enzymes and metal-activated enzymes; aluminum mainly depressed the activities of enzymes in relation to the cell energy metabolism, such as hydrogenases and oxidase. (2) The decreased activities of enzymes induced by Al or F increased significantly after mixing with each other, indicating that the simultaneous existence of Al and F decreased their ionic concentrations, so that strong antagonistic effects on the inhibition of enzymes were noticed since F or Al inhibited enzyme activities by their ions. (3) A high dose of Al intensively inhibited the enzymes related to the cell energy metabolism, which explained why less quantity of Al was absorbed in animals with high dose of Al than that of low dose Al seen in the absorption experiment. (4) The enzyme activities in the animals given high dose of Al mixed with F apparently were elevated in comparison with that in the animals given a pure high dose of Al which was the result of antagonistic effects of F on the inhibition of enzyme activities by Al, therefore the quantity of the absorbed Al was high.     

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-α激动剂对高脂喂养大鼠脂肪因子表达的影响

目的探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-α(PPAR-α)激动剂非诺贝特对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖SD大鼠胰岛素敏感性和部分脂肪因子表达的影响。方法随机将大鼠分为3组(n=10):高脂饮食喂养加非诺贝特治疗组(简称治疗组)、高脂饮食喂养组(简称高脂组)和标准饮食对照组(简称对照组)。高脂饮食喂养SD大鼠6周后,以非诺贝特20mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃治疗4周,以RT-PCR法半定量测定脂肪组织部分脂肪因子肿瘤坏死因子-a(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、血管紧张素原(AGT)、血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)及脂联素mRNA的表达,同时检测血游离脂肪酸(FFA)、甘油三脂(TG),并用稳态模式评估法(HOMA)评价胰岛素抵抗(IR)指数。结果非诺贝特治疗4周后,高脂组、治疗组、对照组的血FFA分别为(2·37±0·60)、(1·59±0·30)、(1·33±0·34)mmol/L,TG分别为(0·48±0·11)、(0·30±0·04)、(0·36±0·07)mmol/L,HOME-IR指数分别为12·30±3·97、5·03±1·88、4·17±1·27;脂肪组织TNF-α的mRNA半定量值分别为1·726±1·408、0·713±0·711、0·593±0·382,脂联素分别为0·660±0·192、0·949±0·35、0·936±0·130;上述各指标治疗组与高脂组比较差异均有显著性(P<0·05),治疗组与对照组比较差异均无显著性(P>0·05);3组间的AGT、AT1R和IL-6的mRNA表达差异均无显著性(P>0·05)。结论PPAR-α激动剂非诺贝特具有改善高脂饮食诱导的脂质异常、提高胰岛素敏感性以及调节脂肪因子表达的作用。     

葡萄皮、籽提取物对高脂血症大鼠模型血脂水平的影响

目的:探讨以齐墩果酸(OA)、原花青素(PC)为主要成分的葡萄皮、籽提取物及其混合物对高脂血症大鼠模型血脂水平的影响。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠42只随机分为6组,正常对照组、高脂模型对照组和OA、PC及(OA+PC)混合物低剂量、高剂量4个实验组。正常对照组喂饲基础饲料并给予0.2%吐温-80,高脂模型对照组喂饲高脂饲料并给予0.2%吐温-80,4个实验组在喂饲高脂饲料的同时分别给予20mg/kgOA、500mg/kgPC、20mg/kgOA+100mg/kgPC和20mg/kgOA+500mg/kgPC,测定各组血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平。结果:与正常对照组相比,高脂模型对照组血清TC、LDL水平明显升高(P均<0.01),说明高胆固醇血症动物模型复制成功;(OA+PC)混合物高剂量组、OA组和PC组血清TC水平明显低于高脂模型对照组(P均<0.01);(OA+PC)混合物高剂量组LDL水平明显低于高脂模型对照组(P<0.01)。结论:OA、PC及其混合物可能具有一定的降血脂作用。     

绿茶预防大鼠脂肪肝的效果

用综合法复制脂肪肝动物模型，给予５％绿茶以观察其预防高胆固醇高脂肪低蛋白饲料致ＳＤ大鼠脂肪肝的作用。实验期间正常组（ＮＣ组）大鼠体重持续增长，给予４０％四氯化碳溶液注射的预防组（ＴＰ组）和高脂组（ＨＣ组）均明显下降；ＴＰ组体重自第５天后较ＨＣ组为高，在第１０天后即有显著性。用药后大鼠活动减少、皮毛凌乱。甘油三酯和总胆固醇均增高，ＴＰ组高密度脂蛋白比ＨＣ组高，而ＨＣ组低密度脂蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白均升     

连续和间断运动对高脂饮食大鼠肥胖和脂肪肝作用效果的比较

目的探讨连续运动与间断运动对高脂饮食大鼠肥胖和脂肪肝的作用效果。方法根据饮食结构不同分为常规饮食（R）
和高脂饮食（H）两大组,再根据运动的不同又分为静坐组（S）、连续运动组（CE）和间断运动组（IE）,随机将Wistar大鼠分为6组
（n=8）。CE组大鼠每天游泳1次,90 min/次;IE组大鼠每天游泳3次,30 min/次,每隔4 h 1次;两组每周运动5 d,持续8周。重量
分析法测定：腹膜后（RET）、附睾（EPI）和内脏（VIS）的白色脂肪组织、棕色脂肪组织（BAT）、肝脏（L）和腓肠肌（GAST）。体内脂
肪生成率测定：3H20与皂化后脂肪结合计算脂肪生成率。测定血总胆固醇（CHOL）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、甘油三酯
（TG）的含量。每天记录体质量和摄食量。结果间断运动能够改善血脂,减轻增加的体质量、中心性和内脏性肥胖和脂肪肝,
能对控制肥胖症和相关并发症包括非酒精性脂肪肝疾病有效;间断运动在减少高脂饮食和久坐状态引起的肥胖和脂肪肝等不
良反应方面较连续运动更有效;高脂饮食和不同运动方案对大鼠体质量增加、肥胖症、脂肪肝以及血脂的影响与运动方式、间隔
时间、年龄、性别和实验周期有关。结论间断运动是一种非药物治疗控制肥胖及其他并发症的重要措施。
     

齐墩果酸抑制高脂饮食肥胖大鼠体重的实验研究

目的观察齐墩果酸对高脂饮食肥胖大鼠的影响并初步探讨其作用机制。方法SD大鼠44只随机分为正常对照组、高脂饮食组、高脂饮食＋齐墩果酸低Eeomg／（kg·d）]、中E40mg／（kg·d）]、高E80mg／（kg·d）]剂量组。每天定时灌胃,记录进食量,每周定时称体重1次。8周末股动脉采血,测血清生化指标。结果给予高脂饮食后大鼠体重明显增加,血清瘦素（1eptin）、抵抗素（resistin）、游离脂肪酸（FFA）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）增加,高密度脂蛋白减少（HDL）,血清谷丙转氨酶（GPT）和丙二醛（MDA）升高。高脂饮食大鼠给予齐墩果酸后,体重减轻,血清瘦素、FFA降低,MDA减少,总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）增高。结论齐墩果酸可明显抑制高脂饮食大鼠的体重增加。其作用可能是通过降低血清瘦素水平,改善体内脂肪代谢,提高机体的抗氧化能力实现的。