新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征SP-A基因多态性的研究

目的：探讨新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)肺表面活性蛋白的基因表达特点已成为RDS发病机制的研究热点,目前国内尚无有关报道。该文旨在探讨中国早产儿SP-A基因型的表达特点,以及SP-A等位基因与RDS风险的相关性,从基因水平探讨RDS发病机制,以便更好的预防和治疗。方法：选择已确诊RDS的早产儿为实验组,因早产寄养的新生儿为对照组,取抗凝静脉血2 mL,采用SSCP方法检测SP-A基因6A2、6A3、1A0、1A1。结果：SP-A1等位基因6A2、6A3的分布频率在RDS组分别为0.50、0.056,在对照组分别为0.214、0.107;SP-A2等位基因1A0、1A1的分布频率在RDS组分别为0.722、0.667, 在对照组分别为0.679、0.821。两组比较SP-A1等位基因6A2在RDS组有过表达现象（P<0.05）,而6A3有低表达倾向（P>0.05）;而SP-A2等位基因1A0、1A1的分布频率两组无显著差异（P>0.05）。在胎龄<32周的早产儿SP-A等位基因两组之间比较差异无显著性;而在>32周的早产儿,SP-A1等位基因6A2在RDS组有过表达现象（分布频率0.56,0.15,P<0.05）。男婴等位基因6A2在RDS组有过表达倾向（P>0.05）。结论：在该组正常早产儿人群中SP-A1等位基因6A2、6A3均为低频率分布,SP-A2等位基因1A0与1A1均为高频率分布,1A0、1A1的高表达为该组早产儿基因分布的特点;在 RDS患儿中,SP-A1等位基因6A2有高表达,提示6A2可能为RDS的易感基因。     

表面活性物质替代治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效评估

目的：呼吸窘迫综合征 (RDS) 是早产儿发病和死亡的重要原因。RDS主要由肺表面活性物质缺乏所致。该研究调查了表面活性物质治疗在减少早产儿死亡率中的作用,并评估了表面活性物质疗效与一些RDS相关危险因素的关系。方法：通过简单抽样抽取符合入选要求的89例RDS早产儿,他们均来自于 Shaheed Beheshti医院新生儿重症监护室。生后48 h内给予表面活性物质治疗(100 mg/kg)。结果：89例得到表面活性物质治疗的RDS早产儿中,34 例(38.2%) 幸存, 55例死亡。其中胎龄大于32周,表面活性物质治疗开始于生后24 h 内,1,5分钟Apgar 评分大于7/10分,或出生体重大于1 500 g者治疗效果较好,存活率分别为 47.5%, 43.3%, 48.1%,52.5%。表面活性物质治疗后母亲孕前经过激素治疗的RDS早产儿的存活率（41.7%）显著高于那些母亲孕前未经激素治疗者（34.2%）（P<0.05）。结论：表面活性物质替代治疗新生儿RDS应尽可能早地进行,能减少38.2%的死亡率。新生儿胎龄、出生体重、Apgar 评分、表面活性物质治疗开始时间及母亲孕期是否经激素治疗等均可影响表面活性物质替代治疗的疗效。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（3）：188-190］     

新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征肺表面活性物质治疗后肺氧合功能和尿量变化的观察

目的　探讨新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征 (RDS)予肺表面活性物质 (PS)治疗后的尿量变化及尿量与肺氧合功能的关系。方法　对新生儿重症监护病房 (NICU)行呼吸机治疗的 2 0例RDS患儿予血气监测及每小时尿量和入量监测。结果　观察组 (PS组 )最大尿量峰值出现于生后 6 0h ,与对照组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。尿量 /入量比值PS组于生后 48h即大于 0 8,而对照组的上述比值大于 0 8出现于生后 6 0h。尿量与动脉 /肺泡氧分压比值 (PaO2 /PAO2 )有显著相关性 (r =0 7414,P <0 0 5 )。结论　RDS病程中随着尿量增加肺氧合功能改善 ,予PS治疗后利尿期最大尿量峰值增大 ,出现时间早 ,提示在PS治疗后更应该密切观察尿量变化 ,判断病情的恢复。     

Intracerebral haemorrhages in surfactant treated neonates with severe respiratory distress syndrome: age at diagnosis,severity and risk factors

Within a randomized European multicentre trial the time of onset, severity and progression of intracerebral haemorrhages (ICH) were investigated prospectively by serial cranial ultrasonography in 343 ventilated infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) following instillation of single or multiple doses of a natural porcine surfactant (Curosurf). In 148/343 infants (43%) ICH was diagnosed (grade I or II: 22%, grade III or IV: 21%). In 26 cases (8%) ICH was present on the ultrasound scan prior to surfactant instillation at a median age of 6h. Incidence and severity of ICH was similar after single- or multiple-dose surfactant treatment. Using a logistic regression model the following risk factors predictive of ICH were defined: low birth weight, allocation to certain hospitals, vaginal delivery, Apgar score6, rectal temperature on admission 36°C, primary anaemia, acidosis prior to treatment, RDS grade IV in pre-treatment chest films and poor response to surfactant treatmentOur study provides supportive evidence that multiple doses of Curosurf do not increase the risk for ICH as compared to single-dose administration.A preliminary report of this work was presented at 8th International Workshop on Surfactant Replacement, Oslo, Norway, May 21 1993. The study was supported by grants of the German government (BMFT 93 607 27) and the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft He 2072: 1–2). The surfactant used in the trial was prepared ang tested in Stockholm with the skilful technical assistance of Elin Arvesen, Bim Linderholm. Eva Lundberg, Gunhild Nilsson and Petru Popa (supported by the Swedish Medical Research Council (Project No. 3351) and Oscar II:s Jubileumsfond)Dedicated to the memory of Edgar (Eddi) Laufkötter, one of the most active trial collaborators, who died under tragic circumstances on April 10, 1994.     

Occurrence and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and respiratory distress syndrome after a preterm birth

BACKGROUND:

Despite notable advances in neonatal care, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains an important complication of preterm birth, frequently resulting in prolonged hospital stay and long-term morbidity.

METHODS:

A historical cohort study of all preterm infants (gestational age younger than 37 weeks) admitted to the Montreal Children’s Hospital (Montreal, Quebec) between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 1992, was conducted. Information collected included demographic data, maternal and perinatal history, and main neonatal outcomes. Independent risk factors associated with BPD were identified by univariate analysis using one-way ANOVA, t tests or Mantel-Haenszel χ² testing. Severity of disease was studied using an ordinal multinomial logistic regression model.

RESULTS:

In total, 1192 preterm infants were admitted, of whom 551 developed respiratory distress syndrome and 322 developed BPD. For each additional week of prematurity, the risk of developing BPD increased by 54% (adjusted OR 1.54/week [95% CI 1.45 to 1.64]). For each point subtracted on the 1 min Apgar score, the risk of developing BPD was increased by 16% (OR 1.16 [95% CI 1.1 to 1.3]). BPD was also associated with the presence of patent ductus arteriosus (OR 3.5 [95% CI 2.1 to 6.0]), pneumothorax in the first 48 h (OR 9.4 [95% CI 3.6 to 24.8]) or neonatal pneumonia/sepsis in the neonatal period (OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.1 to 3.2]). Severity of BPD was associated with gestational age, 1 min Apgar score, very low birth weight and the presence of neonatal pneumonia/sepsis.

CONCLUSION:

Factors associated with BPD following a preterm birth were the degree of prematurity, birth weight, Apgar score at 1 min, and the presence of patent ductus arteriosus, pneumothorax or neonatal pneumonia/sepsis.     

不同肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征疗效比较

目的 比较猪肺表面活性物质与牛肺表面活性物质治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）的疗效.方法 选择本院新生儿科2011年1月至2012年6月收治、应用肺表面活性物质和持续气道正压通气（CPAP）的RDS患儿进行回顾性分析,根据用药情况分为猪肺表面活性物质组（固尔苏组）和牛肺表面活性物质组（珂立苏组）,两组诊断RDS后均予以气管插管给药.比较两组应用肺表面活性物质前后血气指标、CPAP时间、氧疗时间、住院时间、并发症及死亡情况.结果 固尔苏组36例,珂立苏组32例,两组患儿应用肺表面活性物质后6h、24 h的PaO2、PaCO2和pH值与用药前相比均明显改善（P＜0.05）,两组间各时间点比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.固尔苏组应用CPAP时间短于珂立苏组[（98.8±15.2）h比（113.6±13.0）h,P＜0.05].两组患儿用氧时间、住院时间、并发症（颅内出血、肺气漏、呼吸机相关肺炎、支气管肺发育不良、动脉导管未闭、早产儿视网膜病、新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎）发生率及死亡率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 猪肺表面活性物质与牛肺表面活性物质治疗早产儿RDS疗效及安全性相似,使用猪肺表面活性物质的患儿CPAP时间缩短,临床上可综合考虑酌情选用.     

早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征的呼吸支持策略及研究进展

新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（respiratory distress syndrome,RDS）多见于早产儿,胎龄越小,发病率越高。近年的大规模随机对照研究突出了产房内开始的持续气道正压通气（continuous positive airway pressure,CPAP）在RDS防治中的重要作用,对于生后有自主呼吸的早产儿,产房内应用CPAP优于气管插管,而顶防性应用肺表面活性物质（pulmonary surfactant,PS）不再具有优势。2013版欧洲新生儿RDS防治指南推荐有患RDS风险的早产儿生后均应立即接受CPAP支持,初设呼气末正压至少6cmH2O（1cmn20=0．098kPa）;对于患RDS的早产儿,最理想的处理是生后CPAP以及早期解救性PS应用。而需要气管插管的早产儿应尽早接受PS替代治疗。不能耐受CPAP的患儿更换通气模式为无创正压通气可能降低拔管失败率。目前有多种策略来缩短机械通气时间并增加无创通气的成功率。患RDS的极早产儿应常规接受咖啡因治疗以提高撤机成功率,并降低支气管肺发育不良的发生率。生后1～2周后仍不能脱离呼吸机者,需接受小剂量递减地塞米松治疗,但应避免生后1周内应用地塞米松以及较大剂量应用。     

Lamellar body counts on gastric aspirates for prediction of respiratory distress syndrome

Aim: To develop a rapid method for diagnosing lung maturity at birth with the purpose of administering surfactant early to infants with immature lungs and to spare infants with mature lungs from this treatment. Methods: Lamellar body counts (LBC) on gastric aspirates from 191 newborns were counted in the platelet window in automatic blood cell counters. A preliminary study was performed on 108 aspirates from 2000 in infants with <32 weeks’ gestation. Furthermore, 83 aspirates from 2004 to 2005 in infants with <30 weeks’ gestation were analysed. Results: Lamellar bodies in gastric aspirate were identified by electron microscopy. Seventy of the aspirates from 2004 to 2005 were analysed with a Sysmex XE‐2100 (Sysmex, Holbæk, Næstved, Odense and Rigshospitalet, Denmark) counter. Twenty‐four of these infants developed moderate to severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The best cut‐off value was 8000/μL with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 72%. Forty‐four of the 70 aspirates from 2004 to 2005 were analysed by Sysmex, Advia 120 and Cell‐Dyn 4000. Thirteen other aspirates from 2004 to 05 were analysed by Sysmex and Coulter Counter LH755. Using Advia and Coulter the results were similar to Sysmex, but LBC obtained with Cell‐Dyn were not correlated with the development of RDS. Conclusion: Lamellar body counts on gastric aspirate is a promising tool for prediction of development of RDS in infants of <30 weeks` gestation.     

足月新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征危险因素及肺表面活性物质疗效评估

目的探讨足月新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）的危险因素,观察肺表面活性物质（PS）的疗效,为足月儿RDS的防治提供依据。方法选取2007年1月至2011年12月郑州大学第三附属医院NICU收治的足月儿RDS为RDS组,以同期入院的非RDS足月儿为对照组,对两组性别、胎龄、分娩方式、宫内窘迫、出生窒息、母亲妊高症、糖尿病、胎膜早破进行单因素方差分析和Logistic多因素回归分析;并以RDS组中是否给予PS治疗分为应用PS亚组和未应用PS亚组,评估PS的疗效。结果RDS组和对照组各106例进入分析。 ①RDS组发病时间为生后5 min至18 h,平均（4.9±3.4）h,其中生后6 h内发病87例（82.1%）,~12 h 16例（15.1%）,>12 h 3例（2.8%）;X线胸片分级Ⅰ级28例（26.4%）,Ⅱ级36例（34.0%）,Ⅲ级23例（21.7%）,Ⅳ级19例（17.9%）;②Logistic回归分析显示男性(OR=10.35, 95%CI:1.94~15.26)、胎龄<39周(OR=6.59,95%CI:2.33~36.51)、剖宫产(OR=7.26,95%CI:11.61~23.22)、择期剖宫产(OR=13.14,95%CI:3.55~21.84)和出生窒息(OR=4.33,95%CI: 2.74~27.39)是足月儿RDS的危险因素;③应用PS亚组72例,未应用PS亚组34例。机械通气发生率、机械通气天数、氧疗时间、住院天数和呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率应用PS亚组均显著低于未应用PS亚组（P<0.05）;两亚组气胸、肺出血、持续性肺动脉高压和动脉导管未闭发生率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论男性、胎龄<39周、剖宫产尤其是无医学指征的择期剖宫产、出生窒息是足月儿RDS的危险因素,PS治疗足月儿RDS疗效较好。     

Thrombomodulin serum levels in ventilated preterm babies with respiratory distress syndrome

A soluble form of thrombomodulin (TM), an anticoagulant proteoglycan of the endothelial cell membrane, considered a marker of vascular endothelial damage, was measured in plasma of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). In these patients, lung immaturity leads to endothelial leak of plasma proteins and to surfactant inhibition. In 18 babies with RDS, plasma TM concentration was significantly elevated compared with values of a matched group of babies without pulmonary disease (276.1 ng/ml vs 141.3 ng/ml) (P<0.05). Furthermore, TM levels of mechanical ventilated babies (IPPV) with severe RDS were higher than those of babies with moderate RDS and treated with nasal CPAP (340.9 ng/ml vs 174.2 ng/ml) (P<0.05). Conclusion These data show that TM can be used as marker of pulmonary endothelial damage in preterm babies treated with mechanical ventilation for RDS and suggest early intervention with exogenous surfactant to limit alveolar protein leakage and surfactant inactivation. Received: 20 February 1997 and in revised form: 7 July 1997 / Accepted: 8 July 1997     

Plasma carnitine levels in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome

BACKGROUND: Antenatal carnitine administration has been shown to induce fetal lung maturity by increasing pulmonary surfactant in animal and human studies. In this study, the aim was to investigate the status of carnitine in maternal and neonatal plasma of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the first hours of life. METHODS: Maternal plasma carnitine levels were determined before delivery and neonatal plasma carnitine levels were determined within 2 h of birth in preterm infants (< 34 weeks gestational age) who developed RDS in the first 6 h of life and in the control group. RESULTS: The mean neonatal plasma free carnitine level was significantly lower in preterm infants with RDS than in the control group (28.3 +/- 8.8 micromol/L and 36.9 +/- 18.4 micromol/L, respectively; P < 0.05) while the mean maternal plasma-free carnitine levels were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Low neonatal plasma carnitine levels in preterm infants with RDS may be due to decreased maternal-fetal transfer of carnitine or to increased consumption of carnitine in fetal lung tissue for surfactant synthesis. This could be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants.     

Effect of supplementary surfactant on in vivo lung mechanics in the premature rabbit neonate

Premature newborn rabbits, delivered on day 27 of gestation, were subjected to positive-pressure ventilation, with or without treatment with natural surfactant. The surfactant, obtained by centrifugation of lung wash from adult rabbits, was deposited in the tracheal cannula before the onset of ventilation. Parameters of lung mechanics, recorded during spontaneous ventilation after 1 h, were significantly improved in animals receiving surfactant. In comparison with littermate controls, surfactant-treated animals also had less prominent bronchiolar epithelial lesions. We conclude that treatment with supplementary surfactant facilitates functional adaptation of the premature lung and prevents the development of epithelial lung lesions during artificial ventilation.This work was supported by The Swedish Medical Research Council (Project No. 3351), The Swedish National Association against Heart and Chest Diseases, and Karolinska Institutets fonder     

不同时间给予肺表面活性物质治疗对呼吸窘迫综合征早产儿的影响

目的探讨早期或晚期给予肺表面活性物质(PS)治疗对呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)早产儿的影响。方法本院新生儿科2009—2010年收治的RDS早产儿,按照PS的给予时间分为早期组(出生2 h内给药)和晚期组(出生2～12 h给药),比较两组机械通气时间、氧疗时间、病死率以及并发症发生率方面的差异。结果早期组48例,晚期组51例,早期给予PS能显著减少机械通气时间和氧疗时间[机械通气时间:(4.1±1.9)天比(5.4±2.2)天,氧疗时间:(5.8±3.4)天比(8.1±5.5)天,P<0.05]。但未影响气漏、肺出血、动脉导管未闭、坏死性小肠结肠炎、严重脑室内出血和支气管肺发育不良的发生率以及RDS早产儿的病死率。结论早期给予PS治疗能显著减少RDS早产儿的机械通气时间和氧疗时间。     

肺表面活性物质蛋白-C基因遗传多态性与内蒙古地区蒙古族新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的相关性研究

目的：研究肺表面活性物质蛋白( surfactant protein,SP)-C基因多态性,尤以外显子4(T138N)、5(S186N)位点为重与内蒙古地区蒙古族新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,NRDS)的关系。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,选择51例NRDS患儿(病例组)与51例正常新生儿(对照组)作为研究对象,应用PCR基因分析技术检测候选基因SP-C外显子4和5有无突变现象,并检测外显子4(T138N)、5(S186N)位点基因多态性,分析多态性与NRDS的关系。结果 SP-C外显子4和5未发现基因突变现象。在内蒙古地区蒙古族,SP-C外显子4(T138N)位点均可检出3种基因型：即AA、AC及CC型,SP-C外显子4(T138N)位点基因多态性病例组与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=0．454,P=0．797)。外显子5(S186N)位点可检出3种基因型：即AA、AG及GG型,SP-C外显子5(S186N)位点基因多态性病例组与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=0．493,P=0．782)。结论内蒙古地区蒙古族新生儿SP-C基因型及等位基因频率与性别、出生体重、胎龄、生产方式等无明显关联。内蒙古地区蒙古族NRDS患儿的SP-C外显子4和5未发现基因突变现象。 SP-C基因外显子4(T138N)、外显子5(S186N)位点基因多态性未发现与内蒙古地区蒙古族NRDS患儿有相关性。     

早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征遗传学研究进展

呼吸窘迫综合征( respiratory distress syndrome,RDS)是早产儿常见的呼吸系统疾病危重症,肺表面活性物质缺乏是其主要发病机制。近年来研究表明,遗传易患性参与早产儿RDS的发病。该文对近年来国内外关于早产儿RDS的遗传易患性及相关候选基因的研究进展作一综述。     

肺表面活性物质在儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征的应用

肺表面活性物质(pulmonary surfactant,PS)是由Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞合成分泌的脂质蛋白混合物,主要功能是降低肺泡气-液界面表面张力.急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)时多种原因引起PS的量和质出现变化,导致其功能异常.外源性PS替代治疗可以改善儿童ARDS肺部气体交换,但提高存活率作用不肯定.这可能与ARDS病因、PS成分、给药方法、时机、剂量及次数等不同有关.目前不推荐PS作为儿童ARDS的常规治疗方法.     

Haplotypes of the surfactant protein genes A and D as susceptibility factors for the development of respiratory distress syndrome

AIMS: Polymorphisms of genes are transmitted together in haplotypes, which can be used in the study of the development of complex diseases such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The surfactant proteins (SPs) play important roles in lung function, and genetic variants of these proteins have been linked with lung diseases, including RDS. To determine whether haplotypes of SP-A and SP-D are transmitted disproportionately from parents to offspring with RDS, we hypothesized that previously unstudied genetic haplotypes of these SP genes are associated with the development of RDS. METHODS: DNA was collected from 132 families of neonates with RDS. Genotyping was performed, and haplotype transmission from parent to offspring was determined by transmission disequilibrium test. RESULTS: The two-marker SP-D/SP-A haplotype DA160_A/SP-A2 1A(1) is protective against the development of RDS (p = 0.035). Four three- and four-marker haplotypes containing one or both loci from the significant two-marker haplotype are also protective against the development of RDS. CONCLUSIONS: These data identify protective haplotypes against RDS and support findings related to SP genetic differences in children who develop RDS. Study of haplotypes in complex diseases with both genetic and environmental risk factors may lead to better understanding of these types of diseases.     

A 2-year follow up of babies enrolled in a European multicentre trial of porcine surfactant replacement for severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

The postnatal growth, respiratory status and neurodevelopmental outcome of surviving babies enrolled in the first European multicentre trial of porcine surfactant (Curosurf) replacement for severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, were assessed at corrected ages of 1 and 2 years. Follow up rates of survivors were 93% at 1 year and 89% at 2 years. Treated and control groups were similar at both 1 and 2 years in terms of physical growth, the prevalence of persistent respiratory symptoms and the occurrence of major and minor disability. Serum antibodies recognising Curosurf and surfactant-anti-surfactant immune complexes were detected in both treated and control babies, the titres showing no difference between groups. Examination of histological lung sections from non-survivors revealed a higher incidence of severe pulmonary interstitial emphysema in control babies than in those treated with surfactant. Surfactant treatment for severe respiratory distress syndrome reduces neonatal mortality and air leaks and is not associated with an increase in disability 2 years later.     

Comparative randomized study: Administration of natural and synthetic surfactant to premature newborns with respiratory distress syndrome

BACKGROUND: The respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in premature newborns has been etiologically correlated to immature lungs and specifically with surfactant deficiency. Exogenous administration of surfactant is nowadays considered to be the treatment of choice. In this paper we attempt a comparison of clinical results from the administration of natural Alveofact and synthetic Exosurf surfactants in premature newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. METHODS: The study subjects were 92 premature newborns who had been hospitalized in the Department of Neonatology, of the University of Crete. A total of 42 subjects received synthetic surfactant and 50 subjects received natural surfactant. The surfactant was administered in one to three doses, depending on respiratory support requirements. RESULTS: The time of administration was a little longer for the natural surfactant group. The duration of mechanical ventilatory support, requiring oxygen, the duration of hospitalization and the percentage of increase of arterial alveolar partial pressure oxygen ratio (a/APO2) were slightly higher for the synthetic surfactant group. The mortality rate during the neonatal period (28th day) was higher for the synthetic surfactant group than for the natural surfactant group (38.1 vs 24%). A similar tendency was noticed also as regards to complications, e.g. pneumothorax (11.2 vs 5.2%; relative risk (RR) 0.27) intraventricular hemorrhage (34.6 vs 21.1%; RR 0.61), septicemia (11.5 vs 5.2%; RR 0.46) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (12.5 vs 2.8%; RR 0.22). CONCLUSION: The use of natural surfactant seems to offer more advantages in comparison with its synthetic counterpart.     

微创应用肺表面活性物质治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征失败的高危因素分析

目的 探讨肺表面活性物质微创给药方式（MISA）治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）失败的高危因素及其对早产儿的影响。方法 回顾性分析2017年7月1日至2018年12月31日京津冀地区8家三级医院新生儿重症监护病房应用MISA给予牛肺表面活性物质（PS）治疗胎龄≤ 32周,且临床考虑为RDS早产儿（n=148）的基本信息、围产期情况、用药情况、合并症、临床转归等病例资料。根据MISA治疗是否失败（MISA失败定义为MISA后72 h内需要机械通气）分为MISA失败组（n=16）和MISA成功组（n=132）。应用logistic回归分析MISA失败的高危因素及其对早产儿的影响。结果 MISA失败率为10.8%（16/148）。logistic回归分析结果显示用药前RDS > Ⅱ级发生率高、用药前平均动脉压低、用药前脉压差大、首次给药剂量低、注药时间及总操作时间长是MISA失败的危险因素（分别OR=5.983、1.210、1.183、1.055、1.036、1.058,P < 0.05）。控制上述高危因素后行logistic回归分析结果显示MISA失败组BPD的发生率高（OR=8.537,P < 0.05）。结论 给药前RDS程度重、血压监测平均动脉压低、脉压差大是MISA失败的独立危险因素;首次PS给药剂量低、注药时间及总操作时间长可能增加MISA失败的风险;MISA失败可能导致早产儿BPD发生率增加。