后外侧微创入路与后外侧常规入路全髋关节置换术在治疗老年股骨颈骨折中的疗效比较

目的对比后外侧微创入路与后外侧常规入路行全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的效果。方法将2016年1月1日-2019年10月31日于南京中医药大学附属姜堰医院骨伤科就诊的107例老年股骨颈骨折患者作为研究对象,对所有患者的临床及随访资料进行回顾性分析,按照治疗方式的不同将其分为微创组(53例)及常规组(54例)。微创组采用后外侧微创入路行全髋关节置换术,常规组则采用后外侧常规入路行全髋关节置换术。对比2组患者围术期相关指标(手术时间、术中出血量、术后15 d柄假体颈干角及髋臼外展角角度)及手术前后的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、髋关节(Harris)评分和并发症的发生率。结果微创组手术中出血量少于常规组(P<0.05),常规组住院时间长于微创组(P<0.05);手术后微创组VAS评分低于常规组,Harris评分高于常规组(P<0.05);治疗后常规组并发症总发生率(16.67%)高于微创组(5.66%)(P<0.05)。结论后外侧微创入路行全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折,能有效减少患者术中出血量,缓解患者的疼痛感,改善其髋关节功能,且术后并发症发生率较低。     

侧后方入路治疗胫骨平台后髁骨折17例

目的探讨膝关节侧后方人路治疗胫骨平台后髁骨折的手术效果。方法对2004-01-2009-06收治的17例胫骨平台后髁骨折患者采用后内侧和后外侧人路治疗,评价其内固定方式和术后临床疗效。结果 17例患者均获随访,时间为13～21(15.3±2)个月。患者膝关节功能评定按Hohl评分标准,优13例,良4例。复查X线片骨折复位良好,关节面未见明显塌陷及内外翻情况。结论经后外侧或后内侧人路可充分暴露胫骨平台后髁,减少前方入路大范围剥离所带来的软组织并发症,直视下骨折块可以获得良好复位和牢固固定,充分防止力线的改变和骨折的再移位,有利于患者良好的膝关节功能恢复。     

Different patterns of tibial plateau fractures associated with hyperextension injuries of the knee with or without varus/valgus component

This study aims to introduce a morphological classification of hyperextension tibial plateau fractures based on CT scans and to reveal the correlation between the anterior compression and posterior tension fractures.From January 2015 to January 2019, 37 patients with hyperextension tibial plateau fractures were studied retrospectively. Based on this classification, the fractures were divided into 2 groups: group A had anterolateral or anteromedial compression fractures while group B had both. Three observers classified the fractures and recorded the morphology and incidences of posterior plateau fractures and proximal fibular fractures.All 37 fractures were allocated to group A (n = 15; 40%) and B (n = 22; 60%). Of the posterior tibial plateau fractures, 10 (27%) fractures were defined as partial and 27 (73%) as total. Of the 37 fractures, 18 (49%) proximal fibular avulsion fractures were observed. There was a significant difference between groups A and B regarding the incidence of total posterior tibial plateau fractures (P < .05). However, there was no significant difference between the incidence of proximal fibular avulsion fractures in the 2 groups or the combined and non-combined type fractures in group B (P > .05).Hyperextension tibial plateau fractures with a decreased posterior slope angle always involve both the anteromedial and anterolateral plateaus. This CT-based classification may improve the understanding of fracture features and is helpful for planning treatment.     

胫骨平台骨折关节镜下微创治疗的疗效分析

目的观察关节镜下微创治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法将2010-02—2012-06收治的112例胫骨平台骨折患者随机分为两组,对照组给予常规手术治疗,观察组在关节镜下微创手术治疗。结果观察组的疗效优于对照组（P〈0．05）,优良率也高于对照组（P〈0．05）;切口长度、术中出血量和愈合时间均少于对照组（P均〈0．01）;而两组患者的手术时间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论对于胫骨平台骨折患者采取关节镜下微创治疗具有损伤小、术后恢复快的优点,临床效果较好,值得在临床中推广应用。     

Osteonecrosis of the tibial plateau

The clinical, radiographic and scintigraphic findings in 12 patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the tibial plateau (10 of the medial and two of the lateral plateau) were analysed. The disease presented suddenly in most of the patients, as acute pain in the lateral side of the knee, with no major traumatic antecedents. X-ray findings were varied and non-specific, and hence of little value for initial diagnosis. On the other hand, scintigraphic findings were very useful for diagnostic purposes in all cases. All the patients were over 55 years of age and 11 out of 12 were women. The most frequent location of the disease was the medial tibial plateau; however, two cases involved the lateral plateau and two involved both plateaux. Seven patients were subjected to full knee arthroplasty, four to valgising osteotomy and one to grafting. The patients' diagnoses were considerably delayed (by more than 6 months), which affected their treatment and prognosis.     

经不同手术入路治疗髋臼双柱骨折的疗效分析

目的比较经不同手术入路治疗髋臼双柱骨折患者的疗效,分析髋臼双柱骨折选择手术入路的原则。方法随访1996年5月～2004年12月手术治疗的髋臼双柱骨折患者59例,均有完整随诊资料。手术入路分布为：髂腹股沟入路38例,Kocher-Langenbeck入路7例,前后联合入路（前两个手术入路的联合使用）12例,扩展的髂股骨入路1例,Kocher-Langenbeck入路联合髂股骨入路1例。全部病例均接受切开复位钢板螺钉固定。结果 59例患者获得平均70.3（22～101）个月的随访。临床功能优25例、良28例、中5例、差1例,优良率为89.8%。股骨头缺血坏死3例、异位骨化6例、感染1例（联合入路）。单一手术入路、联合或扩展手术入路患者的平均手术用时分别为3.59 h及5.01 h（P=0.000）,术中平均自体血液回输量差异无显著性（P=0.993）,平均异体血液输入量差异有显著性（P=0.028）,临床功能优良率差异有显著性（P=0.024）。结论经单一手术入路治疗髋臼双柱骨折手术时间短、术中用血量少、临床疗效优于经联合或扩展手术入路治疗。     

Bipolar clavicle fractures treatment using medial and lateral double plates: A case report

Rationale:Clavicle fractures are common, accounting for 2.6 to 4% of all fractures, which typically result from direct injuries, including direct force on the shoulder after falling. However, bipolar clavicle fractures are rare, accounting for only 2.8% of all clavicle fractures, and their injury mechanism is speculated to evolve from two independent and continuous forces affecting the clavicle. Due to its low incidence, there is great controversy regarding the treatment of this fracture, as there is no relevant treatment standard or guideline to date.Patient concerns:In this case report, we describe a rare case of bipolar clavicle fracture in a 76-year-old man with multiple systemic fracture complications due to a traffic injury. He presented with limited shoulder function and movement upon arrival in the emergency room.Diagnosis:Bipolar clavicle fracture in the right shoulder (Robinson type 1B2, Robinson type 3B2)Interventions:We performed trans-sternoclavicular locking plate and lateral clavicular hook plate treatments and instructed patients to perform reasonable postoperative functional exercises.Outcomes:Three months postoperatively, the pain was almost completely relieved with a DASH score of 40.0. Furthermore, radiographic examination of the clavicle showed satisfactory fracture healing. The patient had no further demands for shoulder function and no irritative symptoms of internal fixation and refused to undergo a second operation. The patient had a satisfactory prognosis after the treatment.Lessons:The treatment of bipolar clavicle fractures remains controversial. This study provides evidence of a feasible method to treat bipolar clavicle fractures: trans-sternoclavicular locking plate and lateral clavicular hook plate treatment.     

老年人桡骨远端不稳定骨折治疗方法的比较

目的 比较老年人桡骨远端不稳定骨折治疗方法的优缺点.方法 2005年8月至2010年1月,分别采用闭合复位加石膏外固定,开放复位加钢板内固定,开放或闭合复位加外固定支架固定3种方法治疗老年桡骨远端不稳定骨折55例,采用Sarmiento改良的Gartland-werley评分及DASH上肢功能评估问卷进行功能评定.并采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析,比较3种治疗方法的优缺点.结果 钢板内固定组及外固定支架组在Gartland-werley评分结果优良率分别达到89.9%(13/18)和83.3%(10/12),均优于石膏外固定组的76.0%(19/25),但3组DASH评分差异无统计学意义.结论 对于老年人桡骨远端不稳定骨折,应根据骨折的具体情况和老年人的要求选择合适的治疗方法.可减少并发症,并获得良好的效果.     

前颞叶内侧切除术治疗颞叶内侧型癫痫

目的探讨前颞叶内侧切除术治疗颞叶内侧型癫痫的治疗效果。方法21例顽固性颞叶癫痫患者,采用无框架神经导航辅助,经颞中回行前颞叶内侧切除术,切除前颞叶、杏仁核及海马。采用分级量表进行针对癫痫发作控制效果的评价。结果21例术后随访6～29个月,神经功能均改善,无严重手术并发症。16例（76%）癫痫发作完全消失（EngelⅠ级）,3例（16%）癫痫发作极少（EngelⅡ级）,2例（8%）癫痫发作减少（EngelⅢ级）。结论前颞叶内侧切除术是治疗颞叶癫痫的有效方法。神经导航辅助下手术彻底切除杏仁核及海马,避免了语言区和视放射的损伤。     

Better discrimination of the concomitant peri-ankle fractures in the spiral tibial shaft fractures by thin-slice axial and three-dimensional CT

The objective of this study was to examine the morphologic features of spiral tibial shaft as well as concomitant fibular and peri-ankle fractures on multidetector high-resolution CT and to speculate about the mechanisms underlying these combined fractures.This is a retrospective cohort study. A total of 197 tibial shaft fractures underwent multidetector high-resolution CT before intramedullary nailing. The presence and location of peri-ankle fractures were recorded using thin-slice axial CT. Tibial shaft fractures were classified as spiral or non-spiral. The morphologies of spiral tibial fractures and concomitant lateral malleolar fractures were delineated using three-dimensional CT.Seventy-five spiral and 122 non-spiral fractures were identified. Peri-ankle fractures excluding lateral malleolar fractures were found in 77.3% of spiral fractures and 18.9% of non-spiral fractures. The most frequent location of peri-ankle fractures in the spiral group was the posterior malleolus, followed by the anterolateral distal tibia, while the medial malleolus was the most frequent site in the non-spiral group. Of 75 spiral fractures, 72 showed a fracture morphology attributed to external rotation force. There were 13 lateral malleolar fractures that were defined as within 6 cm from the distal end of the fibula. No lateral malleolar fractures showed the typical morphology of isolated supination/external rotation-type ankle injuries. The displaced syndesmotic injuries commonly coexisting in pronation/external rotation-type ankle injuries were not observed.Most spiral tibial shaft fractures were caused by external rotation force. However, the morphology of concomitant peri-ankle fractures was inconsistent with typical mechanisms of isolated external rotation ankle injuries.     

Displaced proximal humerus fractures treated with ORIF via the deltoid interfascicular approach vs the deltopectoral approach: A prospective case-control study

Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of displaced proximal humeral fractures treated with proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) plate fixation via a deltoid interfascicular (DI) vs a deltopectoral (DP) approach.Methods:This prospective case-control study was conducted with patients admitted to our hospital from May 2015 to June 2018 who suffered from unilateral displaced proximal humerus fractures. Patients were treated with PHILOS plate fixation via a DI (DI group) or DP approach (DP group). The clinical outcomes and complication data were collected for comparison between the 2 groups. The patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months; and every 6 months thereafter. The patients’ functional recoveries were evaluated according to the normalized Constant-Murley score, range of motion of the shoulder (flexion, abduction, external/internal rotation) and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score.Results:A total of 77 patients, followed for an average of 15 ± 2.2months (range, 12–21), were enrolled (36 in DI group and 41 in DP group) for final analysis. No significant differences in age, sex, affected side, fracture type, injury mechanism or time from injury to operation were found between the 2 groups (all P > .05). The incision length, intra-operative blood loss, and duration of operation in the DI group were significantly less than those in the DP group, respectively (all P < .05). The functional outcomes assessed by the normalized Constant-Murley score and range of motion of flexion and internal rotation in the DI group were superior to those in the DP group at 3 and 6months after the operation (P < .05); however, no significant differences were observed at the 12-month and subsequent follow-ups (all P > .05). There was no significant difference in the range of shoulder external rotation and abduction during the postoperative follow-ups (P > .05). At the last follow-up, the mean disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand score was 14.0 (6.6) points in the DI group and 14.4 (6.9) points in the DP group (P = .793). Complications occurred in 1 patient in the DI group and 8 patients in the DP group (P = .049).Conclusion:The current study demonstrates that DI approach is a safe and effective alternative for the treatment displaced proximal humerus fractures. The DI approach rather than DP approach was recommended when lateral and posterior exposure of the proximal humerus is required, especially when fixed with PHILOS plate.     

Therapeutic efficacy of arthroscopy-assisted transosseous fixation with the Versalok suture anchor for tibial eminence fractures in adults

To investigate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopy-assisted transosseous fixation of tibial eminence fractures with the Versalok suture anchor in adults.A total of 23 adult cases of tibial eminence fractures treated between June 2016 and March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The results of the preoperative drawer test and Lachman test were positive. Radiography and computed tomography were performed before and after the procedure. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in every patient after admission. Arthroscopy-assisted fracture reduction and Orthocord high-strength suture fixation with two Versalok anchors were performed in all the patients. The International Knee Documentation Committee scale and the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale were used to evaluate outcomes during the follow-up period. Additionally, the KT-2000 knee stability test was performed.At the final follow-up, all the fractures had proceeded to bony union and no wound infection was observed. The average Lysholm Knee Score of the affected knees was 93.1 (range, 90–98), which was not significantly different from that of the healthy knees (t = 0.732, P = .132). Based on the International Knee Documentation Committee scale results, 21 patients were graded as normal and the other 2 patients were graded as nearly normal. The KT-2000 test showed that the anterior displacement of the affected side and the healthy side was less than 3.6 mm in all cases.The outcomes indicated firm fixation and good fracture healing with minimal trauma. Thus, arthroscopy-assisted transosseous fixation with Versalok suture anchors for adult tibial eminence fractures seems to have satisfactory clinical outcomes.     

HIV阳性合并陈旧闭合四肢骨折患者的手术治疗

目的观察HIV阳性合并陈旧闭合四肢骨折患者的手术治疗效果,为治疗HIV阳性合并陈旧闭合四肢骨折患者提供参考。方法回顾性分析2010年11月—2015年6月HIV阳性合并陈旧闭合四肢骨折进行手术治疗并获得随访患者资料。受伤至手术时间均大于3周,术后定期复查,观察骨折愈合情况、疗效及并发症发生情况。结果入组患者共13例,均给予围手术期处理,手术方式均采用切开复位内固定植骨术,所有患者顺利完成手术。术后随访平均15个月,术后骨折愈合时间平均为(5.75±1.67)个月,疗效优良率92.3%。无骨不连及钢板断裂出现,无关节僵硬及静脉血栓发生,无切口感染及HIV感染相关并发症发生,所有患者骨折均正常愈合。结论 HIV阳性合并陈旧闭合四肢骨折患者在4周内手术治疗仍能取得很好的治疗效果。另外,HIV阳性骨折患者应注意加强围手术期处理。     

3D打印数字化技术辅助治疗髋臼后壁骨折的临床探讨

目的探讨和比较传统切开复位内固定术和3D打印数字化技术辅助手术治疗髋臼后壁骨折的临床治疗效果。方法对该院2014-05~2016-02分别采用传统切开复位内固定术(传统手术组,31例)和3D打印数字化技术辅助手术(3D打印手术组,32例)治疗髋臼后壁骨折共63例,对两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后髋关节疼痛评分(VAS)和髋关节功能评分(Harris)进行比较分析。结果两组共63例患者均顺利完成手术,住院和随访期间无死亡病例,两组病例无并发症发生。63例患者术后均获得6~12个月随访,平均9.7个月。3D打印手术组在手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量方面优于传统手术组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);3D打印手术组在术后2周和3个月髋关节VAS评分、Harris评分优于传统手术组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组在术后6个月髋关节VAS评分、Harris评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 3D打印数字化技术辅助髋臼后壁骨折的手术治疗,有助于术者制定个体化的治疗方案,缩短手术时间,减少软组织损伤,减少失血量,实现微创、精准治疗,疗效满意。     

Sagittal plane alignment affects the strength of pin fixation in supracondylar humerus fractures

Closed reduction with percutaneous pin fixation is commonly used to treat pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures. Various pin configurations of varying biomechanical strength have been described. However, to our knowledge, no biomechanical study has focused on pin alignment in the sagittal plane. Our goal was to compare the stability of fixation using 3 different pin constructs: 3 lateral pins diverging in the coronal plane but parallel in the sagittal plane (3LDP), 3 lateral pins diverging in the coronal and sagittal planes (3LDD), and 2 crossed pins (1 medial and 1 lateral).Transverse fractures were made through the olecranon fossa of 48 synthetic humeri, which were then reduced and pinned in the 3LDP, 3LDD, and crossed-pin configurations (16 specimens per group) using 1.6-mm Kirschner wires. The sagittal plane pin spread was significantly greater in the 3LDD group than in the 3LDP group, whereas we found no difference in the coronal plane. Sagittal extension testing was performed from 0° to 20° at 1°/s for 10 cycles using a mechanical torque stand. The torque required to extend the distal fragment 20° from neutral was compared between groups using one-way analysis of variance with multiple comparison post-hoc analysis. P values ≤.05 were considered significant.The 3LDD configuration was more stable than the 3LDP and crossed-pin configurations. The mean torque required to displace the pinned fractures was 5.7 Nm in the 3LDD group versus 4.1 Nm in the 3LDP group and 3.7 Nm in the crossed-pin group (both, P < .01). We found no difference in stability between the 3LDP and crossed-pin groups (P = .45).In a synthetic biomechanical model of supracondylar humerus fracture, sagittal alignment influenced pin construct stability, and greater pin spread in the sagittal plane increased construct stability when using 3 lateral pins. The lateral pin configurations were superior in stability to the crossed-pin configuration.Level of Evidence: Level V.     

Clinical Evaluation of Magnesium Alloy Osteosynthesis in the Mandibular Head

Titanium alloys are used in skeletal surgery. However, once bone union is complete, such fixation material becomes unnecessary or even harmful. Resorbable magnesium materials have been available for several years (WE43 alloy). The aim of this study was to clinically compare magnesium versus titanium open reduction and rigid fixations in mandible condylar heads. Ten patients were treated for fractures of the mandibular head with magnesium headless compression screws (2.3 mm in diameter), and 11 patients were included as a reference group with titanium screws (1.8 mm in diameter) with similar construction. The fixation characteristics (delay, time, and number of screws), distant anatomical results (mandibular ramus height loss, monthly loss rate, and relative loss of reconstructed ramus height), basic functional data (mandibular movements, facial nerve function, and cutaneous perception) and the influence of the effects of the injury (fracture type, fragmentation, occlusion, additional fractures, and associated diseases) on the outcome were evaluated. The long-term results of treatment were evaluated after 18 months. Treatment results similar to those of traditional titanium fixation were found with magnesium screws. Conclusions: Resorbable metal screws can be a favored option for osteosynthesis because surgical reentry can be avoided. These materials provide proper and stable treatment results.     

防旋股骨近端髓内钉内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨防旋股骨近端髓内钉（PFN-A）内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的效果。方法对C臂透视下闭合复位PFN-A内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折12例的疗效进行回顾性分析。结果经随访6~12个月,12例骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间5个月。按髋关节Harris法评分标准,髋关节功能优7例,良4例,可1例,关节功能优良率为91.7%。结论闭合复位PFN-A内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折具有手术创伤小、操作简单、固定牢靠、并发症少等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

Meeting the Treatment Needs of Veterans with Substance Use Disorders

Substance use disorder (SUD) treatment staff from the Brooklyn Veterans Administration Hospital and Samaritan Village describe current practices and challenges in treating the increasing Veteran population with SUD. Article addresses best practices for treating Veterans with SUDs, posttraumatic stress disorder, and traumatic brain injury complications; military sexual trauma; combat versus noncombat status; significance of period served (WW II, Korea, Vietnam, Kuwait/Iraq I, Iraq II, Afghanistan); active service obligations; treatment interventions for trauma survivors; gender treatment differences; medically assisted treatments, especially for those with pain issues; family involvement; benefit seeking; self-help Step 1’s “surrender” and “powerlessness” terms; access to treatment issues; returning home adjustment; and coordinating interdisciplinary treatment services.     

Severe pes planovalgus successfully treated in a patient with mutilating rheumatoid arthritis using a new surgical approach involving medial malleolar resection and medial displacement of the talus: A case report

We report the case of a 56-year-old female with mutilating rheumatoid arthritis, who developed severe pes planovalgus. The foot was successfully reconstructed through a combination of osteotomies, including medial displacement of the talus accompanied by resection of the medial malleolus. This maneuver enabled a ～1-cm medial displacement of the hindfoot while minimizing the adverse effect on forefoot rotation.