Development and Characterization of a Novel,Antimicrobial, Sterile Hydrogel Dressing for Burn Wounds: Single‐Step Production with Gamma Irradiation Creates Silver Nanoparticles and Radical Polymerization

Patients with burn wounds are susceptible to wound infection and sepsis. This research introduces a novel burn wound dressing that contains silver nanoparticles (SNPs) to treat infection in a 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt (AMPS‐Na⁺) hydrogel. Silver nitrate was dissolved in AMPS‐Na⁺ solution and then exposed to gamma irradiation to form SNP‐infused hydrogels. The gamma irradiation results in a cross‐linked polymeric network of sterile hydrogel dressing and a reduction of silver ions to form SNPs infused in the hydrogel in a one‐step process. About 80% of the total silver was released from the hydrogels after 72 h immersion in simulated body fluid solution; therefore, they could be used on wounds for up to 3 days. All the hydrogels were found to be nontoxic to normal human dermal fibroblast cells. The silver‐loaded hydrogels had good inhibitory action against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Results from a pilot study on a porcine burn model showed that the 5‐mM silver hydrogel was efficient at preventing bacterial colonization of wounds, and the results were comparable to the commercially available silver dressings (Acticoat^TM, PolyMem Silver®). These results support its use as a potential burn wound dressing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:3244–3253, 2014     

Antibacterial biomaterials for skin wound dressing

Bacterial infection and the ever-increasing bacterial resistance have imposed severe threat to human health. And bacterial contamination could significantly menace the wound healing process. Considering the sophisticated wound healing process, novel strategies for skin tissue engineering are focused on the integration of bioactive ingredients,antibacterial agents included, into biomaterials with different morphologies to improve cell behaviors and promote wound healing. However, a comprehensive ...     

HEMA-胶原SD-Ag缓释膜的研制及促进烧伤创面愈合的实验研究

目的研制甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯穴HEMA雪-胶原抗菌药物缓释膜,考察其对烧伤创面的促愈合作用。方法制备包裹有磺胺嘧啶银穴SD-Ag雪的HEMA-胶原抗菌药物缓释膜,采用SD大鼠深Ⅱ度烧伤模型,观察测定其对创面愈合的影响。结果制备后得到乳白色半透明状、均匀有弹性的凝胶膜状物。实验组大鼠不同时间点的创面愈合率均高于对照组穴P<0.05雪,愈合时间明显缩短穴P<0.05雪。组织学观察可见实验组愈合创面上皮化程度好于对照组。结论本方法制备缓释膜简单快速,成膜性好。HEMA-胶原抗菌药物缓释膜可有效促进大鼠深Ⅱ度烧伤创面愈合,有望应用于临床。     

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Loaded Electrospun Nanofibers for Wound Dressing Application

Electrospinning is an advantageous method with a wide usage area, which enables the production of materials consisting of nano-thickness fibers. In this study, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) molecule was loaded onto the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibers and obtained nanofibers were physicochemically and biologically investigated for the first time in the literature. The existence of CAPE molecules, loaded on PLGA membranes by dropping and spraying methods, was evaluated by a comparative investigation of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Fiber morphology of the membranes was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). CAPE release and swelling behaviors of the membranes were studied in vitro. The radical scavenging activity of CAPE-loaded wound dressing materials was determined by using an antioxidant assay. The antimicrobial properties of PLGA and CAPE-loaded PLGA membranes were evaluated against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans strains by the time-kill method. The biocompatibility study of the obtained CAPE-loaded fibers conducted on human fibroblast cell line and wound healing promoting effect of the fibers was investigated in vitro scratch assay.The results show that CAPE-loaded PLGA membranes are highly antimicrobial against all strains used in the experiment. Additionally, the results show that they are biocompatible and have wound healing properties on human fibroblasts.     

Preparation and Characterization of Silver Sulfadiazine–Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels as an Antibacterial Wound Dressing

In this study, we prepared a series of silver sulfadiazine (AgSD)–loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels via electron beam (e-beam) irradiation. Our objective was to explore the influence of e-beam irradiation on the chemical structure and crystallinity of AgSD and the antibacterial properties of AgSD/PVA hydrogels. Prior to irradiation, we mixed AgSD in PVA solution in 2 forms, either suspended in water (WS) or dissolved in ammonia solution (AS). We noted that nano silver was released from AgSD/PVA-AS hydrogels immersed in deionized water, while it would not happen in AgSD/PVA-WS hydrogels. Both kinds of AgSD/PVA hydrogels exhibited good antibacterial activities against gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. And their antibacterial activity was not obviously affected by different dosages of e-beam irradiation. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the AgSD/PVA-WS hydrogels was stronger than that of AgSD/PVA-AS. Accordingly, the cell cytotoxicity of the AgSD/PVA-WS hydrogels was higher than that of AgSD/PVA-AS. Our study results reveal that e-beam irradiation of PVA solution with dispersed AgSD is a simple and efficient way to prepare AgSD/PVA hydrogels, which might be an ideal antibacterial wound dressing.     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel controlled release zinc oxide/gentamicin–chitosan composite with potential applications in wounds care

Freshly prepared ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated into a chitosan solution in weight ratios ranging from 1:1 to 12:1. Starting from the ratio of 3:1 the chitosan solution was transformed into a gel with a high consistency, which incorporates 15 mL water for only 0.1 g solid substance. The powders obtained after drying the gel were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermal analysis (TG-DSC). The electronic (UV–vis), infrared (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were also recorded. ZnO particles were coated with gentamicin and incorporated into the chitosan matrix, to yield a ZnO/gentamicin–chitosan gel. The release rate of gentamicin was monitored photometrically. This ZnO/gentamicin–chitosan gel proved great antimicrobial properties, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in both planktonic and surface-attached conditions. The results indicate that the obtained composite can be used in cutaneous healing for developing improved wound dressings, which combine the antibacterial activity of all three components with the controlled release of the antibiotic. This wound dressing maintains a moist environment at the wound interface, providing a cooling sensation and soothing effect, while slowly releasing the antibiotic. The system is fully scalable to any other soluble drug, as the entire solution remains trapped in the ZnO–chitosan gel.     

Chitosan Reduced Gold Nanoparticles as Novel Carriers for Transmucosal Delivery of Insulin

Purpose Colloidal metallic systems have been recently investigated in the area of nanomedicine. Gold nanoparticles have found themselves useful for diagnostic and drug delivery applications. Herein we have reported a novel method for synthesis of gold nanoparticles using a natural, biocompatible and biodegradable polymer; chitosan. Use of chitosan serves dual purpose by acting as a reducing agent in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles and also promotes the penetration and uptake of peptide hormone insulin across the mucosa. To demonstrate the use of chitosan reduced gold nanoparticles as carriers for drug delivery, we report herein the transmucosal delivery of insulin loaded gold nanoparticles. Materials and Methods Gold nanoparticles were prepared using different concentrations of chitosan (from 0.01% w/v up to 1% w/v). The gold nanoparticles were characterized for surface plasmon band, zeta potential, surface morphology, in vitro diffusion studies and fluorescence spectroscopy. The in vivo studies in diabetic male Wistar rats were carried out using insulin loaded chitosan reduced gold nanoparticles. Results Varying concentrations of chitosan used for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles demonstrated that the nanoparticles obtained at higher chitosan concentrations (>0.1% w/v) were stable showing no signs of aggregation. The nanoparticles also showed long term stability in terms of aggregation for about 6 months. Insulin loading of 53% was obtained and found to be stable after loading. Blood glucose lowering at the end of 2 h following administration of insulin loaded gold nanoparticles to diabetic rats was found to be 30.41 and 20.27% for oral (50 IU/kg) and nasal (10 IU/kg), respectively. Serum gold level studies have demonstrated significant improvement in the uptake of chitosan reduced gold nanoparticles. Conclusions The synthesis of gold nanoparticles using a biocompatible polymer, chitosan would improve its surface properties for binding of biomolecules. Our studies indicate that oral and nasal administration of insulin loaded chitosan reduced gold nanoparticles has led to improved pharmacodynamic activity. Thus, chitosan reduced gold nanoparticles loaded with insulin prove to be promising in controlling the postprandial hyperglycemia.     

载纳米银二氧化钛纳米管抑菌能力研究

摘要： 目的 检测载纳米银二氧化钛（TiO2）纳米管对于金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用, 为种植体局部给药提供理论基础。方法 利用阳极氧化法分别在 10 V 和 18 V 恒定电压下制作不同管径的排列有序的 TiO2纳米管, 将纳米银进行原位置换导入。扫描电镜以及透射电镜检测纳米银、 TiO2纳米管及载纳米银 TiO2纳米管的表面形貌, 计算纳米银的最小抑菌浓度, 于载纳米银 TiO2纳米管表面培养金黄色葡萄球菌 1、 3、 5 d 后, 测试对周围浮游菌的抑菌性, 通过扫描电镜测试抑制细菌的黏附性能。结果 紫外线照射后的载纳米银 TiO2纳米管形成更加疏水的材料表面, 18 V 电压下制备出均匀有序直径为 80～120 nm 的 TiO2纳米管, 加载直径为 20 nm 纳米银, 能有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的黏附与增殖。结论 18 V 电压下制作出的 TiO2纳米管载入浓度为 100 mmol/L 的纳米银溶液能在 3 d 内有效抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的黏附与增殖, 减少种植体周围炎的发生。     

Synthesis of antibacterial TiO2/PLGA composite biofilms

This study developed a TiO₂/PLGA [poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)] composite biomaterial, which possesses antibacterial properties but is biocompatible, for artificial dressing applications. A sol–gel method was used for the preparation of the nano TiO₂ powder with anatase phase. Several concentration ratios of TiO₂ versus PLGA were analyzed to optimize the disinfection efficiency of the composite biomaterial. The antibacterial activity of the fabricated TiO₂/PLGA composite was measured against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. To evaluate the feasibility of the biomaterial on wound healing in vitro, human keratinocytes (HaCaTs), fibroblasts (L929s), and bovine carotid artery endothelial cells (BECs) were seeded on the TiO₂/PLGA composite biofilms. To investigate the histological effect of the biocompatible biofilm in vivo, a rat subcutaneous implantation was performed. Our results show that TiO₂/PLGA composite biofilms containing 10% TiO₂ nanoparticles have an effective antibacterial property, a good survival rate on HaCaTs and L929s, and relative safe stability in tissue implantation.From the Clinical EditorThis study reports the development of titanium dioxide-polylactic-co-glycolic acid composite biofilms, which possess antibacterial properties and are biocompatible for dressing applications, as demonstrated in a model system.     

Antibacterial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Green Method Using Bark Extract of Melia azedarach L

Antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles developed by a phyto-synthesis method has been investigated and presented in this work. Silver nanoparticles of mean size 30–45 nm having spherical shape and crystalline structure were synthesized at room temperature through bioreduction of silver nitrate solution treated with bark extract of Melia azedarach. Formation of nanoparticles was observed by the color change in the reaction medium which was further established with UV-vis spectroscopy. Structural and morphological characterizations on silver nanoparticles were made by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. FTIR spectroscopic analysis has revealed the presence of biomolecules enveloped around the silver nanoparticles. Antibacterial efficacy of these nanoparticles was analyzed against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia by measuring the zones of inhibition on solid growth medium. These silver nanoparticles have shown efficient inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial strains. It is believed that the proposed biocompatible, eco-friendly, and green synthesis method would lead to development of novel biomedical products based on silver nanoparticles.     

Study of transport properties of the polymeric membranous dressing with silver ions

The transport properties of polymeric membraneous dresing silver ion containing Textus Bioactive were studied. This dressing is made of three types of theromoplastic polymeric fibers, formed into two-layers membrane. In first layer occure the polymeric fiber, which the core is hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces contain a silver zeolite. These fibers neighborours with hydrophilic super absorbing polymers. Third type of polymeric fibers occur in the second layer of membrane and is arranged parallel to surface's skin, creating a net preventing stick of membraneous dressing to treated wound. Using of the Kedem-Katchalsky equations the transport model of this membrane and the temporal and concentration characteristics of transport parameters (hydraulic permeability, refection and solute permeability) were determined. Experimental results show that the polymeric membranous dressing contain the silver ions posses non-linear transport properties, which are consequence of structure and physicochemical properties of polymeric membranes.     

Characterisation and in vitro antimicrobial activity of biosynthetic silver-loaded bacterial cellulose hydrogels

Wounds that remain in the inflammatory phase for a prolonged period of time are likely to be colonised and infected by a range of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms. Treatment associated with these types of wounds mainly focuses on controlling infection and providing an optimum environment capable of facilitating re-epithelialisation, thus promoting wound healing. Hydrogels have attracted vast interest as moist wound-responsive dressing materials. In the current study, biosynthetic bacterial cellulose hydrogels synthesised by Gluconacetobacter xylinus and subsequently loaded with silver were characterised and investigated for their antimicrobial activity against two representative wound infecting pathogens, namely S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Silver nitrate and silver zeolite provided the source of silver and loading parameters were optimised based on experimental findings. The results indicate that both AgNO₃ and AgZ loaded biosynthetic hydrogels possess antimicrobial activity (p?<?.05) against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and may therefore be suitable for wound management applications.     

纳米银溶液及其凝胶的体外抗菌作用研究

目的:探讨纳米银溶液及纳米银凝胶的体外抗菌作用,为将纳米银开发成烧烫伤外用抗感染药提供依据。方法:以磺胺嘧啶银为阳性对照,采用试管二倍稀释法考察纳米银溶液及纳米银凝胶对铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、变形杆菌、沙雷氏菌、不动杆菌、表皮葡萄球菌、肠球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、白色念珠菌等10种病菌的最低抑菌浓度。结果:纳米银凝胶、纳米银溶液及磺胺嘧啶银对上述10种细菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为2·5～10、4～32、32～64μg·mL-1,纳米银溶液及其凝胶的抗菌效果明显优于磺胺嘧啶银。结论:体外试验中纳米银溶液及其凝胶抗菌谱广、抗菌作用强,为其用于治疗烧伤、烫伤等感染提供了一定试验依据。     

Photoactivated rose bengal functionalized chitosan nanoparticles produce antibacterial/biofilm activity and stabilize dentin-collagen

Treatment of infected teeth presents two major challenges: persistence of the bacterial-biofilm within root canals after treatment and compromised structural integrity of the dentin hard-tissue. In this study bioactive polymeric chitosan nanoparticles functionalized with rose-bengal, CSRBnp were developed to produce antibiofilm effects as well as stabilize structural-integrity by photocrosslinking dentin-collagen. CSRBnp were less toxic to fibroblasts and had significant antibacterial activity even in the presence of bovine serum albumin. CSRBnp exerted antibacterial mechanism by adhering to bacterial cell surface, permeabilizing the membrane and lysing the cells subsequent to photodynamic treatment. Photoactivated CSRBnp resulted in reduced viability of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms and disruption of biofilm structure. Incorporation of CSRBnp and photocrosslinking significantly improved resistance to degradation and mechanical strength of dentin-collagen (P < 0.05). The functionalized chitosan nanoparticles provided a single-step treatment of infected root dentin by combining the properties of chitosan and that of photosensitizer to eliminate bacterial-biofilms and stabilize dentin-matrix.From the Clinical EditorIn this study, bioactive polymeric chitosan nanoparticles functionalized with rose-bengal (a photosensitizer), CSRBnp were developed to produce antibiofilm effects as well as stabilize structural-integrity of dental root dentin by photocrosslinking dentin-collagen, leading to efficient elimination of bacterial-biofilms and stabilization of dentin-matrix.     

Dual-action of thermoresponsive gels containing DsiRNA-loaded gold nanoparticles for diabetic wound therapy: Characterization,in vitro safety and healing efficacy

Diabetic wounds are difficult to treat due to multiple causes, including reduced blood flow and bacterial infections. Reduced blood flow is associated with overexpression of prostaglandin transporter (PGT) gene, induced by hyperglycaemia which causing poor vascularization and healing of the wound. Recently, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been biosynthesized using cold and hot sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis extracts (CLRE and HLRE, respectively) and capped with chitosan (CS) to produce biocompatible antibacterial nanocomposites. The AuNPs have shown to produce biostatic effects against selected gram positive and negative bacteria. Therefore, in this study, a dual therapy for diabetic wound consisting Dicer subtract small interfering RNA (DsiRNA) and AuNPs was developed to improve vascularization by inhibiting PGT gene expression and preventing bacterial infection, respectively. The nanocomposites were incorporated into thermoresponsive gel, made of pluronic and polyethylene glycol. The particle size of AuNPs synthesized using CLRE (AuNPs-CLRE) and HLRE (AuNPs-HLRE) was 202 ± 49 and 190 ± 31 nm, respectively with positive surface charge (+30 to + 45 mV). The thermoresponsive gels containing DsiRNA-AuNPs gelled at 32 ± 1 °C and released the active agents in sufficient amount with good texture and rheological profiles for topical application. DsiRNA-AuNPs and those incorporated into thermoresponsive pluronic gels demonstrated high cell viability, proliferation and cell migration rate via in vitro cultured cells of human dermal fibroblasts, indicating their non-cytotoxicity and wound healing properties. Taken together, the thermoresponsive gels are expected to be useful as a potential dressing that promotes healing of diabetic wounds.     

Antibacterial electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/ascorbyl palmitate nanofibrous materials

The one-step incorporation of ascorbyl palmitate (AP), a widely used derivative of vitamin C, into nanofibrous mats of poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL) by electrospinning was demonstrated. The incorporation of AP was attested by IR spectroscopy; the AP content was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); and the surface composition of the mats: by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The possibility for deposition of silver nanoparticles onto PCL/AP mats using the ability of AP to reduce silver ions was demonstrated. The silver content was determined by TGA, and the silver nanoparticles were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanoparticles were composed of elemental silver, as verified by XPS analyses. The UV-vis spectrophotometric analyses, study on quenching of the free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and microbiological tests against the pathogenic microorganism Staphylococcus aureus showed that AP preserved its stability and its antioxidant and antibacterial activity when incorporated in the nanofibrous mats.     

Applications of green synthesized Ag,ZnO and Ag/ZnO nanoparticles for making clinical antimicrobial wound-healing bandages

An expeditious, environmentally-friendly and affordable synthesis of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles was attained using Prosophis fracta and coffee; ensuing Ag and ZnO nanoparticles were physicochemically characterized by UV–visible spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The green synthesized Ag and ZnO nanoparticles comprise of an average size of about 16 and 26 nm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these Ag and ZnO nanoparticles and mixture thereof, Ag/ZnO, were determined on Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures. Cotton wound bandages were impregnated with nanoparticles of Ag and ZnO and mixed Ag/ZnO nanoparticles in the neighborhood of calculated MIC and their antimicrobial activity was studied in vitro; both types of nanoparticles showed a high antibacterial activity of bandages. Antimicrobial effect of bandages impregnated with liquid solution of Ag nanoparticles was more than that observed for ZnO and mixed Ag/ZnO nanoparticles; however, this difference was not very significant. These antibacterial bandages can potentially be used for treating and covering infection-sensitive wounds namely diabetic or burns wounds.     

纳米银医用抗菌敷料抗菌性能检测方法的研究

目的:探讨纳米银医用抗菌敷料抗菌性能检测的试验方法。方法:采用烧瓶振荡法,探讨了摇床转速和培养温度对烧瓶振荡法的影响,并进行了条件设定的优化。同时,利用优化了的烧瓶振荡法对4个批号的纳米银医用抗菌敷料产品的抗菌性能进行检测试验,并与常规抗菌性能检测方法——抑菌环试验法进行对比研究。结果:在不同转速(100,200,300 r.min-1)和不同温度(25℃、37℃)的培养条件时,振荡培养前后菌数变化的实验结果显示,在转速200 r.min-1、培养温度25℃、作用时间1 h的培养条件下,细菌在振摇前后的菌数差值符合试验限定标准(差值变化不超过10%)。通过采用上述优化的烧瓶振荡法实验条件,检测了4批纳米银医用抗菌敷料,其结果显示具有良好的抗菌性能。其中,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为97%,80%,80%,90%;对白色念珠菌的抑菌率分别为91%,78%,93%,76%。试验的灵敏性较高,而抑菌环试验结果不能准确地反映出纳米银医用抗菌敷料的抗菌性能。结论:此优化条件的烧瓶振荡法能够准确检测含纳米银敷料的抗菌性能,为此类敷料产品的抗菌性能检测提供了有效的方法。     

Mycosynthesis,characterization and antibacterial properties of AgNPs against multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens of female infertility cases

Recently, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using bacteria, fungus and plants has emerged as a simple and viable alternative to more complex physical and chemical synthetic procedures. The present investigation explains rapid and extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fungus Fusarium oxysporum NGD and characterization of the synthesized silver nanoparticles using UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The size range of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was around 16.3–70 nm. The FTIR studies showed major peaks of proteins involved in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Further, antibacterial effect of the silver nanoparticles against multidrug resistant pathogens Enterobacter sp. ANT 02 [HM803168], Pseudomonas aeruginosa ANT 04 [HM803170], Klebsiella pneumoniae ANT 03 [HM803169] and Escherichia coli ANT 01 [HM803167] was tested using turbidometric assay at 10, 20, 30, 40 μg AgNPs/ml alone and in combination with ampicillin using agar well diffusion assay. All the resistant bacteria were found to be susceptible to the antibiotic in the presence of the silver nanoparticles.     

Biogenic Fabrication,Characterization and Drug Loaded Antimicrobial Assay of Silver Nanoparticles Using Centratherum anthalminticum (L.) Kuntze

Bionanotechnology is considered a safe and ecofriendly route for the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles from plant extracts, microorganisms, and biomaterials. The present study was focused on the fabrication of silver nanoparticles (<50 nm) biogenically from the novel Centratherum anthelmminticum's aqueous seed extract. The obtained nanoproduct was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The particle size and surface charge were estimated by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential measurements. The nanoparticles showed cubic close packed (ccp) morphology with miller indices (111), (200), (220), (311) and (222). The λ_max for synthesized silver nanoparticles was measured in the range of 436 nm, 464 nm and 467 nm for 1 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM samples, respectively. The bioreduction of silver ions exhibited a gradual color change which confirms the formation of silver nanoparticles under UV-visible spectrum. Ag–O and Ag–N stretching vibrations corresponding to the bond formation between silver and oxygen of the carboxylate group and nitrogen of amine was corroborated by the presence of a sharp peak in Raman spectra at 245 cm^?1. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against eight bacterial and three fungal strains. The silver nanoparticles fabricated from 10 mM AgNO₃ solution showed significant results against all Gram-negative bacteria, with the further restriction in growth of C. albicans and A. niger. From in-vitro antimicrobial assay, it was observed that drug-loaded silver nanoparticles (Ciprofloxacin +10 mM) displayed a stronger potential than the synthesized silver nanoparticles and ciprofloxacin alone to restrain the development of E. coli, and E. aerogenes.