肘管综合征的显微外科治疗

目的探讨肘管综合征显微外科治疗的临床效果。方法选择42例肘管综合征患者施行带血供的尺神经显微松解并前置术，术中观察尺神经肘管段的血供分支及分布特点，术后观察其疗效。结果36例肘管综合征临床症状全部消失，功能恢复正常；6例感觉功能完全恢复，运动功能大部恢复。结论带血供的尺神经显微松解并前置术是治疗肘管综合征的一种有效方法。     

小切口单纯肘管松解术治疗肘管综合征

目的 通过临床研究分析小切口单纯肘管松解术治疗肘管综合征的适应证。选择病程平均为2．5人月,无肘部骨折或畸形的9例男性患者进行手术。于尺神经沟作2－3cm长的小切口,仅切开肘管及其远端的弓状韧带,在尺神经鞘膜内注射1ml确炎舒松－A。结果 9例的手尺侧麻木感于术后1个月内消失,刺痛觉减退在术后半年恢复正常。2例骨间肌蚓关肌有轻度肌萎缩者在术后1年半完全恢复。结论 对肘部无骨折畸形,病程短,无明显肌萎缩,爪形手畸形的肘管综合征可以采用小切口单纯肘管松解要治疗。     

肘管综合征研究进展

肘管综合征发病原因多种多样,包括肘管自身解剖结构的潜在卡压因素、占位性病变、外伤、肘外翻畸形等,对尺神经造成了不同程度的卡压或牵拉,引起一系列病理生理改变,产生相应的临床症状。电生理检查是诊断该病最常用方法。手术方式多种多样,有对传统术式的改进,也有新术式提出。该文就肘管综合征相关应用解剖、病因、病理生理、诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗与预后研究进展作一综述。     

Current approach to cubital tunnel syndrome

The choice for surgical treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome is no clearer today than when it was reviewed 10 years ago. There continue to be no significant prospective randomized trials to adequately compare the different surgical techniques. Even if such a trial were performed, most hand surgeons would probably continue to be skeptical. In the end, each surgeon must rely on his or her own personal experience or judgment. Based on the authors' experience in the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome, they are confident that anterior transmuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve obtains the best results when the preoperative algorithm is properly applied and early postoperative physical therapy is instituted.     

Recurrent cubital tunnel syndrome. Etiology and treatment.

Controversy surrounds the treatment of recurrent cubital tunnel syndrome after previous surgery. Irrespective of the surgical technique, namely pure decompression in the ulnar groove and the cubital tunnel distal of the medial epicondyle, and the different methods of volar transposition (subcutaneous, intramuscular, and submuscular), the results of surgical therapy of cubital tunnel syndrome are often not favorable, especially in cases of long-standing symptoms and severe deficits. Twenty-two patients who had previously undergone surgical treatment for ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow were evaluated because of persistent or recurrent pain, paresthesia, numbness, and motor weakness. Ten patients had undergone a nerve transposition, 5 patients underwent a simple decompression of the ulnar nerve, and 7 patients experienced two previous operations with different surgical techniques. Two patients underwent surgery at our hospital, whereas 20 patients underwent their primary surgery at other institutions. Various surgical techniques were used during the subsequent surgery, such as external neurolysis, subcutaneous anterior transposition, and subsequent transfer of the nerve back into the sulcus. The causes of continued or recurrent symptoms after initial surgery included dense perineural fibrosis of the nerve after subcutaneous transposition, adhesions of the nerve to the medial epicondyle and retention of the medial intermuscular septum. The average follow-up after the last procedure was 7 months (2 - 20 months). All 7 patients with subsequent transfer of the ulnar nerve back into the sulcus became pain-free, whereas only 11 of 15 patients who had external neurolysis or subcutaneous transposition became free of pain or experienced reduced pain. The recovery of motor function and return of sensibility were variable and unpredictable. In summary, reoperation after primary surgery of cubital tunnel syndrome gave satisfactory results in 18 of 22 cases. Subsequent transfer of the ulnar nerve back into the sulcus promises to be useful in cases in which subcutaneous transposition had not been successful.     

肘管综合征如何治疗

查阅文献,对肘管综合征的治疗有两种意见.一种强调一旦诊断确定应及早进行手术探查,理由是肘部压迫与牵拉因素的存在影响局部神经内循环,造成充血、水肿,随后成纤维细胞浸润,当神经内形成纤维化再作神经松解或前移,不能使症状消失,所以延迟手术效果不良.     

Reoperation for cubital tunnel syndrome]

We discussed the problems operative treatment of recurrent cubital tunnel syndrome. Indications to operative treatment of neuropathies were also described.     

Endoscopic approach to cubital tunnel syndrome

The cubital tunnel syndrome is one of the most common entrapment neuropathy of the upper limb. The ulnar nerve can be compressed in the oteofibrous tunnel by the bone structures, the Osborne's ligament, the fascia of the ulnar flexor muscle of the carpus or of the aponeurosis of the deep flexor of the fingers. Pressure values in the cubital tunnel >50 mm Hg induce blocking of intraneural circulation with electrodiagnostic modifications, clinical signs and histological changes including demyelinazion of the nerve proximal to the cubital tunnel. Surgery becomes essential in case of failure of conservative and physical therapy. Various surgical techniques have been described in the literature for the treatment of the ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. In this paper the authors report a new endoscopic technique for the treatment of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow which requires respect of specific electrodiagnostic and clinical criteria of inclusion. The restored joint active motion following elbow arthroscopy in osteoarthritis can induce or get worse a ulnar nerve neuropathy; endoscopy neurolysis is essential to remove perineural adherences and reduces the nerve stress. Immediate well-being of the patient, lesser invasiveness and minimum vascular complications are clear advantages of the endoscopic approach, while the treatment of the pathologies proximal and distal to the Struther's arcade is a limit of the technique.     

肘管综合征的显微外科治疗

目的报道肘管综合征的显微外科治疗效果。方法显微镜下神经外膜或内膜松解，将尺神经前置并埋于前臂屈肌群内，神经入出口处保持一定宽松度，术后用石膏托将肘关节固定于45°屈肘位。结果随访时间为6～24个月，手术部位皮下未扪及神经，叩击无放电感，明显肌肉萎缩者症状无加重，爪形手畸形有所恢复；轻度肌肉萎缩者肌力明显改善，无肌肉萎缩者手部活动灵活度功能恢复，尺侧半手指皮肤感觉异常消失。结论显微外科神经松解并将其前置埋于肌膜下是治疗肘管综合征的有效方法。     

The treatment of the cubital tunnel syndrome

Treatment by in situ release, submuscular transposition, and anterior subcutaneous transposition have all been reported to produce satisfactory results for ulnar neuropathy secondary to the cubital tunnel syndrome. A prospective study was done to determine which preoperative clinical and electrical factors and surgical approaches in patients with ulnar nerve palsy at the elbow had the best results. The 32 patients had an average age of 50 years, had symptoms for an average of 15 months before surgery, and underwent postoperative follow-up for an average of 13 months. All patients with good results had no atrophy or preoperative fibrillations in the intrinsic muscles and had an obtainable evoked sensory potential. The change in motor conduction velocity did not correlate with good results. There was no significant difference in the results of the three surgical procedures. Eight of the 37 operations yielded good results, 19 patients showed an improvement, but 10 of the operations yielded poor results. Our results also indicated that surgical results could be predicted by proper patient selection through the assessment of the preoperative physical examination and electromyogram.     

腕管综合征与肘管综合征功能评定标准的现状与建议

腕管综合征与肘管综合征是周围神经卡压中最常见的疾病,近年来报道日渐增多.在这些临床报道中由于疗效评定的方法各异,很难对各种治疗方法做出客观、科学、全面的评定,能否制定结合国情的统一标准是本文的目的,供全国同道讨论.     

肘管综合征的应用解剖学研究

目的 研究肘管综合征中尺神经的卡压因素,为临床手术提供解剖学依据.方法 采用解剖学方法对16具(32侧)成人尸体上肢标本进行解剖,观测造成尺神经卡压的Struthers弓形组织、内侧肌间隔和肘管,测量肘管内尺神经的面积、肘管的面积和肘管的长度,测量弓状韧带的长、宽和厚度.观测尺神经的营养血管及伴行长度,观测尺神经的尺侧腕屈肌肌支.结果 32侧上肢标本中12侧存在腱性Struthers弓形组织,10侧有肌性Struthers弓形组织,存在率为68.8%.尺神经在内上髁上方[(11.02±1.16)cm,小x±s.下同]处穿内侧肌间隔,尺神经肘管内面积与肘管面积之比为1:3.86,肘管长度为(1.96±0.18)cm.尺神经伴行血管有尺侧上副动脉和尺侧返动脉后支,尺神经在内上髁下方1cm左右发出尺侧腕屈肌肌支.结论 尺神经在肘管处最容易受压,手术治疗肘管综合征时向上的切口长度约为11.02cm,同时切除Struthers弓形组织和内侧肌间隔;尺神经前置手术时,注意保留与神经伴行的尺侧返动脉后支.     

内窥镜治疗肘管综合征

目的 探讨应用小切口内窥镜下作尺神经松解术治疗肘管综合征的经验和方法。方法切口：单纯尺神经松解术，沿尺神经沟作1cm直切口；尺神经松解 内上髁切除术，沿尺神经沟作3cm直切口。直视下切开肘管，显露尺神经，在圆筒状透明闭锁外套管内窥镜引导下，用推刀沿外套管沟槽切断屈肌—旋前肌深腱膜(deep flexor—pronator aponeurosis)和Struthers弓，肱骨内上髁远近端各松解减压达10cm。术后第2天开始肘关节即可作伸屈活动。结果 12例患者于术后随访3—27个月，以最后1次随访结果为准。肘部瘢痕小，术后半年环、小指感觉恢复正常，无1例复发。结论 本术式安全、简单，操作方便，皮肤切口小，组织创伤轻，术后平均10d即恢复日常工作。     

Surgical treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome]

Review article the authors presents five surgical procedures to decompress the ulnar nerve at the elbow. The paper reviews biomechanical problems related to the surgical procedures. The literature was reviewed in order to systemic opinions concerning the operative procedures currently employed for surgery.     

肘管综合征治疗策略

目的 比较治疗肘管综合征的两种术式及疗效,提出更加合理的手术治疗方案.方法 回顾我院2005年8月至2011年1月收治的并获得完整随访资料的重度肘管综合征患者77例,随机行尺神经松解后筋膜瓣下前置术或皮下前置术两种术式,其中尺神经松解后筋膜瓣下前置42例、皮下前置35例.病例分级采用顾玉东建议的肘管综合征临床分型评定标准,随访采用肘管综合征功能评定标准,对术后疗效进行比较.结果 术后随访3个月至6年,平均2.5年.多数患者在术后3～4个月症状得以缓解,术后时间再长并无更好的恢复.根据肘管综合征功能评定标准进行评价:优42例,良25例,可8例,差2例;优秀率54.5％,优良率87.0％.筋膜瓣下前置术及皮下前置术之间的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 筋膜瓣下前置术为治疗肘管综合征的首选术式.