Review of the Mechanisms of Action of the Statins and Their Pleiotropic Effects in the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis

Statins are lipid-towering agents widely used in the treatment of hyperchotesterotemia and atherosclerosis. They act by inhibiting of 3-hydroxy-3-methytgtutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevatonate in cholesterol biosynthesis. Due to their ability to reduce low-density tipoproteins (LDL) Levels more than other cholesterol-lowering drugs, they have become the drugs most often prescribed in the treatment of atheroscterosis.     

Correlation of the amount of AgNORs with the grading and prognosis of bladder tumour

The number of AgNORs in the nucleolar organizer region was studied quantitativelyby one-step silver colloid technique in 6 samples obtained from normal bladder tissue,9 ofchronic cystitis and 56 of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder.The results revealed that meannumber of AgNORs per nucleus was not statistically different between normal bladder tissueand tissue from chronic cystitis,while there was a significant difference between normal or in-flammatory tissue and malignant tisssue on the one hand and between various grades of bladdertumor on the other.The results also indicated that mean number of AgNORs per nucleus wasclosely related to the prognosis of bladder tumor.So it is suggested that AgNOR counting bythe silver stain technique might play a role in the differenciation of benign and malignant lesionsand in grading and prognosis in bladder tumors.     

Observation of the Preventive and Therapeutic Effect of Chuanxiong on the Atherosclerosis of Rabbits

ＯｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＰｒｅｖｅｎｔｉｖｅａｎｄＴｈｅｒａｐｅｕｔｉｃＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＣｈｕａｎｘｉｏｎｇｏｎｔｈｅＡｔｈｅｒｏｓｃｌｅｒｏｓｉｓｏｆＲａｂｂｉｔｓＷａｎｇＪｉｎｇ（王京），ＬｉｕＸｕｅ－ｒｕ（刘雪如）（ＧｅｎｅｒａｌＮａｖ...     

Anomaly and tumor of the kidney and urinary tract

930159 Transurethral microwave irradiationfor bladder neoplasm.YANG Xuehui(杨学辉),et al.Dept Urol,Beijing Milit Area GeneralHosp,100700.Natl Med J China 1992;72(9):531-533.Forty-two patients with bladder neoplasmwere treated effectively by transurethral mi-     

Clinical Application of the Reinforcing and Reducing Methods of Acupuncture and Moxibustion

The Commonly-used Manipulation Techniques in the Reinforcing and Reducing Methods of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 1. The reinforcing and reducing methods of acupuncture The reinforcing and reducing methods are of great significance in the acupuncture clini…     

Appleby operation for carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas

Objective To investigate the influence of glucose deprivation on the formation of multidrug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma and to clarify its mechanism. Methods HepG2 cells were exposed to glucose-free DMEM medium for 24,48 and 72 h respectively. Apoptotic index of the HepG2 cells exposed to low glucose was analyzed by Annexin/P Ⅰ method using flow cytometry after administration of 5-Fu.     

Secretory Granule-Containing Processes and Their Synaptic Structures of the Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei of the Rat

Secretory granule-containing dendrites and their synaptic structuresof the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei were studied with electronmicroscope.Secretory granules were found in proximal dendrites,dendriticstems and fine dendritic branches.Synaptic structures with clear roundvesicles and a few large dense core vesicles could often be identified onthese dendrites.The synaptic membranes were either symmetrical or asym-metrical.     

The height of the osteotomy and the correction of the kyphotic angle in thoracolumbar kyphosis

Background This study investigated the relationship between the height of osteotomy and the correction of the kyphotic angle during posterior closing wedge osteotmy with instrumentation and the spinal osteotomy with cage inserting into the intervertebral gap and closing posteriorly by a single posterior approach in thoracolumbar kyphosis, and using this relationship as the basis of the preoperative design. Methods From April 1996 to June 2007, 30 thoracolumbar kyphosis patients with complete medical records and clear X-ray photograms have undergone operation. Of these 30 cases, 16 cases underwent posterior closing wedge osteotmy with instrumentation while the height of the osteotomy and the correction of the angle have been measured; 14 cases underwent spinal osteotomy with cage inserting into the intervertebral gap and closing posteriorly by a single posterior approach while the height of the osteotomy, the height and the place of the cage and the correction of the angle were also measured. A simple geometrical model was simulated to calculate the relationship between the height of the oeteotomy and the correction of the angle and these results are finally compared with the data coming from the actual measuring by the Wilcoxon statistic method. Results The distribution of data from the 16 cases by posterior closing wedge osteotomy with instrumentation was as such： 9 male and 7 female, the mean age was 49.2 years （range 38--70）, the kyphosis improved from an average of 30° （range 15°--45°） preoperatively to 4° （range -26°--30°） postoperatively, the kyphosis was corrected on average 2.5-0 per 1 mm in the height of the osteotomy. The results from the simple geometrical model were that the mean of the correction of the angle per 1 mm was 2.2°. As a result, there was no significant difference （P 〉0.05） when comparing the measurement collected with the result simulated from the geometric model. The distribution of data from the 14 cases by spinal osteotomy with cage inserting into the interv     

Synchronous granulocytic sarcoma of the breast and spine: a case report and review of the literature

Granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma is a rare tumour derived from myeloid cell precursors. It is generally seen before or after or together with the onset of myelocytic leukaemia. Immunohistochemical staining of myeloperoxidase is necessary for a definite diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma. Recognition of this entity ensures an early aggressive chemotherapy that causes regression of the tumour.1-3 We present an unusual case of a 40-year-old woman who presented with back pain, numbness in the legs, and fatigue for 2 weeks. She was diagnosed as having synchronous granulocytic sarcomas of the breast and spine, confirmed surgically and histopathologically. After a subsequent systemic chemotherapy the patient was completely asymptomatic during a 20-month follow-up. We also reviewed the literature about the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this condition.     

Foreword for the Publication of the English Edition of the Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine

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Study on the Mechanism of the Annexin -Mediated Co-Assembly of t-PA and Plasminogen

Annexin ,a calcium- dependent phospholipidbinding protein with molecular weight of3 6 k D,isa member of annexin family consisting of1 3 mem-bers in mammalians.This phospholipid- bindingprotein is distinct from the urokinase receptor andfrom other known cellular binding sites for plas-minogen (PLG) and tissue plasminogen activator(t- PA) .Endothelial cells express abundant bind-ing sites for the fibrinolytic zymogen and t- PA.Binding of PLG to endothelial cells enhances thecatalytic efficie…     

Comparison of the distribution of peptidergic neurons between the amygdaloid nucleus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of rats

Using immunohistochemical technique,the cell bodies and fiber terminals of 13peptidergic neurons-vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)-,cholecystokinin(CCK)-,corticotropin releasing factor(CRF)-,neurotensin(NT)-,galanin(GAL)-,substance P(SP)-,somatostatin(SOM)-,calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP)-,α-melanocytestimulating hormone(β-MSH)-,β-endorphin(β-END)-,angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)-,L-enkephalin(L-ENK)-,and M-enkephalin(M-ENK)-immunohistochemical reactive(IR)neurons were studied and the pattern of distribution of these peptidergic neurons inthe amygdaloid nucleus(AMYG)and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis(BST)of therat was compared.Some similarities of the distribution of these peptidergic neurons in thesubdivisions of the AMYG and BST were observed.The peptidergic neurons in the ante-rior part of BST are similar to those in the central amygdaloid nucleus and in the medialamygdaloid nucleus,and the peptidergic neurons in the posterior part of BST are similarto those in the lateral and basal amygdaloid nucleus.     

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Breast：A Clinicopathologic Study and Review of the Literature

Background  Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an uncommon malignancy of the breast. The aim of this study was to summarize its clinicopathologic features and biological behavior.

Methods  Five primary or secondary breast RMSs were collected. Their clinicopathological characteristics and all published literature about breast RMS were reviewed. Immunohistochemical study of desmin, myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD1), myogenin, leukocyte common antigen (LCA), vimentin, cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), E-cadherin, neuron specific enolase (NSE), CD99, chorioallantoic membrane 5.2 (CAM5.2) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) expression were performed.

Results  The five patients were all female with ages ranging from 16 to 46 years old (mean, 30 years). Three were metastatic breast RMSs, two embryonal and one solid variant alveolar, with the primary tumor sites the right labium majus, left nasal meatus and nasopharynx, respectively. The other two, one embryonal and one alveolar, were primaries. Grossly, the surgical specimens revealed round or oval, well-demarcated but nonencapsulated masses. Their cut surfaces consisted of homogeneous grayish yellow or white tissue. Microscopically, most tumor cells were poorly differentiated small round, oval or small polygons with eosinophilic cytoplasm. All cases were positive for vimentin, desmin, MyoD1 and myogenin. One embryonal RMS also had a few cells with perinuclear staining of AE1/AE3. The other markers were negative.

Conclusions  Although primary or metastatic RMS in breast was almost confined to young adolescent females, our cases suggested that it can also happen to the middle-aged women. Embryonal RMS has a certain metastatic potential. MyoD1 and myogenin are two useful markers when making differential diagnosis. Axillary lymph node status and age may play a role in the prognosis of primary breast RMS patients.

     

Separation and identification of the major components of Photocarcinorin and their tumor-photobiological activities

It has been shown by the results-of HPLC analysis in combination with spectrographicdeterminations that PsD-007 is composed of 7 different porphyrins,In order of the proportion inPsD-007,they are:3 (or 8)-(l-methoxyethyl)-8 (or 3)-(l-hydroxyethyl)-deuteroporphyrin Ⅸ(MHD);3,8-di-(l-methoxyethyl)-deuteroporphyrin Ⅸ(DMD);3(or 8)-(l-methoxyethyl)-8 (or3)-vinyl-deuteroporphyrin Ⅸ(MVD);3(or 8)-(l-hydroxyethyl)-8(or 3)-vinyl-deuteroporphyrin Ⅸ(HVD);hernatoporphyrin Ⅸ (Hp);protoporphyrin Ⅸ (Pp) and 3(or 8)-(O-aceylethyl)-8(or 3)-(l-hydroxyethyl)-deuteroporphrin Ⅸ (AHD),which presented only in crude PsD-007 and hasbeen transformed into MHD and Hp,respectively during the separation and preparing the clinicalpreparation of PsD-007.Structures of these porphyrins were further eonfirmed by the corre-sponding anthentic samples obtained by synthetic method.It was found on the basis of the experi-mental data of photosensitizing ability in cell-free systems and photoinactivation of human cancercells in vitro as well as efficacy of photodynamic therapy for sarcoma.S_(180) in mice of the ma-jor components MILD,DMD and MVD composed of which more over 85% of the totalamount of PsD-007,that they all exhibited comparatively high photosensitizing ability andphotodynamic effects on cancer cells and tram-planted animal tumor.     

Analysis of the clinical character of lower thoracic spinal stenosis and safety of the surgery

Objective To observe the pathogenesis, pathology, clinical characters and treatment of the lower thoracic spinal stenosis. Methods From June 1986 to September 2005,37 cases of lower thoracic spinal stenosis were treated surgically. There were 21 males and 16 females with an average age of 56 years. Among the patients, there were 29 cases ligament ossification, which includes OFL 16 cases, OPLL 13 cases;[第一段]     

Situation and Strategies of the Maternal and Infant Health inTunisia

SituationMaternal and neonatal mortalityThe national maternal mortality ratio was estimated for the first time in Tunisia in 1993-1994, it was 68.9 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, varying between 53.6 per 100 000live births in the East to 99.1 per 100 000 live births in the West[1,2].Haemorrhage was identified as the first cause of maternal death (31.4%), blood hyper-tension (19.3%), infections (11.4%) and cardiovascular diseases (11.4%) followed. The causeswere mostly direct (70.3%…     

Analysis and treatment of the factors influencing the colonoscope insertion

Colonoscopyiseasilydoneinthemajorityofpatients,butinsomepatientssomefactorsmaymeddleininsertingthescopeandevencausecomplications.Suchfactorsinclude:intestinaldiseases,extra--intestinalfactorsoranatomicvariationsofthebowel,etc.Generally,theincidenceofperforationisabout0.095i--0'26%incolonoscopy['j.Weperformed10000colonoscopiesfromOctober,1984toMay,1995.Therewerenocomplicationsandthesuccessrateofreachingthececumwas98.8%.Theexaminationtimeaveragedaboutsixminutes.Now,weanalizethemethodsofinserti…     

Biorhythms and the Biological Clock Involvement of Melatonin and the Pineal Gland in Life and Disease

Humanbeingsliveinanenvironmentoflightanddarknessandatvarioustemper-atures.Thusweaskourselves'dothesedaiIyandseasonalenvironmentalchangeshaveanyeffectsonourbodilyandmentalfunctionsandhowdoesthelivingorganismadaptitselftothem?Areoursleep-wakerhythmscasualcircadianchronobiologicalevents,ordoweresIX)ndandreassessourbiologicalfunctiontothenaturalIight/darkcycle?Moreover,couldsomedisordersinourbOdybeinducedbyshiftingthephotoperiod,especiallytoitsextIemesofcontinuousIightordarkness?DoesthebodyPos…