超选择性动脉造影、栓塞及灌注诊治难治性消化道出血的临床价值

目的：探讨选择性动脉造影、栓塞及灌注在难治性消化道大出血的临床价值。方法：２２例急性消化道大出血病人,按Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ′ｓ技术进行造影诊断及导管内治疗。结果：２２例中２０例显示了在造影时有造影剂外溢（９０．９％）。１７例进行了栓塞和加压素灌注的病人,１５例有效,有效率为８８．２％（１５／１７）,其余５例单纯灌注,１例有效。总效率７２．２％（１６／２２）。结论：选择性动脉造影有助于胃肠道出血的定位和定量,血管内栓塞和灌注加压素是一种少创伤和有效的止血方法。尤其是手术条件不好的病人。     

True pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms: A decision analysis

Purpose

True pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms are rare. No definitive study evaluating the natural history of these lesions or their preferred method of treatment has been published. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of preventive treatment of unruptured pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms using a Markov model.

Materials and methods

With the use of a Markov model, we performed a decision analysis to evaluate the outcome of preventive treatment of unruptured pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms. The risk of rupture and the mortality of preventive treatment are unknown. Therefore, we performed sensitivity analysis using these parameters. Effectiveness was measured in life expectancy.

Results

For 80-year-old patients, preventive treatment was dominated by no treatment if mortality rates of preventive treatment were greater than 1.4%, greater than 2.6%, greater than 3.8%, and greater than 4.8% at annual rupture rates of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. For 50-year-old patients, preventive treatment was dominated by no treatment if mortality rates of preventive treatment were greater than 3.3%, greater than 5.9%, greater than 8.0%, and greater than 9.7% at annual rupture rates of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively.

Conclusion

The effectiveness of preventive treatment of unruptured pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms depends on the aneurysm rupture rate, mortality rate of preventive treatment, and patient age. Taking into account the effects of these parameters is important in making treatment decisions.     

子宫动脉栓塞术预防和治疗子宫大出血的临床效果

目的探讨子宫动脉栓塞术预防和治疗子宫大出血的临床效果。资料与方法对12例人工流产大出血、胎盘植入性大出血和宫颈妊娠为主要表现的患者用明胶海绵颗粒进行双侧子宫动脉栓塞术,观察治疗效果。结果 12例患者全部栓塞成功,随访2～5个月无再次大出血,无严重并发症。结论子宫动脉栓塞术预防和治疗子宫大出血是一种安全、微创和有效的治疗方法,而且可以保留患者的子宫和生育功能,值得临床推广应用。     

选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗肾损伤出血的临床应用

目的 分析选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗肾损伤出血的疗效和安全性。资料与方法 1992年7月至2005年6月,39例肾脏损伤性出血患者,其中肾脏外伤28例,医源性损伤11例,采用金属弹簧圈行选择性肾动脉栓塞术。结果 DSA证实损伤部位位于肾段或段以下肾动脉分支,全部患者术后1～4d肉眼血尿消失（除2例再次栓塞外）,随访4个月～2年,无复发性血尿,无并发症出现。结论 选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗肾损伤出血创伤小、安全、疗效确切,能避免肾脏外科手术。     

Bleeding Duodenal: Varices Treatment by TIPS and Transcatheter Embolization

We describe our clinical experience in 4 patients with portal hypertension who presented with bleeding mesenteric varices originating from the superior mesenteric vein with retrograde filling of collaterals draining into the inferior vena cava. The clinical presentation, imaging findings, and potential therapeutic management are discussed.     

经导管子宫动脉栓塞治疗子宫腺肌病的初步效果观察

目的　探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞 (TUAE)治疗子宫腺肌病的效果。资料与方法　 2 5例子宫腺肌病患者接受TUAE治疗 ,2 5例均伴有继发性痛经 ,其中 2 1例伴月经增多 ,12例伴轻到中度贫血。 2 5例中弥漫型腺肌病 10例 ,局灶型腺肌病 15例 ,其中 4例尚合并子宫肌瘤。所有病例均采用经导管两侧子宫动脉注射超液态碘油 平阳霉素乳剂 (LPE)加明胶海绵颗粒栓塞 ,其中碘油用量 6～ 10ml(平均 8ml) ,平阳霉素用量 8mg,明胶海绵 0 .5～ 1.5块(6 .0cm× 3.0cm× 0 .3cm/块 )。结果　所有病例随访超过半年 ,痛经缓解有效率达 96 .0 % (其中痛经消失占80 .0 % ) ,月经改善有效率达 10 0 % (其中月经恢复正常者占 76 .2 % )。 12例贫血患者栓塞后 3～ 6个月血红蛋白浓度均得到显著升高或恢复正常 ;栓塞后 6个月B超复查子宫体积平均缩小 4 4 .1% ,2 1个局限性病灶体积平均缩小5 8.2 %。所有病例无严重并发症发生。结论　TUAE治疗子宫腺肌病具有较好的近期疗效 ,远期效果有待进一步观察。     

Embolization of a Bleeding Renal Angiomyolipoma in Pregnancy: Case Report and Review

A case is described of a woman 10 weeks pregnant who had severe bleeding, secondary to a renal angiomyolipoma (AML), that was treated with embolization. Subsequent pregnancy was uneventful and she delivered a normal female infant 28 weeks after the procedure. One month after delivery, liquefaction of the AML occurred, which eventually required surgical drainage. We review and discuss AML during pregnancy, its management and post-embolization complications.     

肝动脉化疗、栓塞治疗原发性肝癌的临床研究（附188例分析）

目的：研究原发性肝癌肝动脉化疗、栓塞的疗效及其影响因素。材料与方法：回顾性分析１８８例肝癌肝动脉化疗、栓塞的临床随访资料。结果：总疗效为症状缓解占５９．６％，肿瘤缩小占５５％，ＡＦＰ下降占３７．８％，半年及１、２、３年生存率分别为７５．４％、４６％、２３．５％、１４．７％，平均生存期１２．２月，最长已存活５０月，获二步手术切除１８例，对比分析了７个影响疗效的有关因素。结论：无或轻度肝硬化、早中期、单个肿瘤、直径＜１０ｃｍ、无门脉癌栓或肝动－静脉瘘、行栓塞治疗、治疗次数在３次以上者，其中远期疗效明显优于对应组。克服有关影响因素及综合治疗将会进一步提高肝癌化疗栓塞的疗效     

子宫肌瘤栓塞术中子宫动脉卵巢支的显示及其意义

目的　研究子宫肌瘤动脉栓塞治疗时 ,卵巢支显示与卵巢功能改变的关系。资料与方法　对 2 5 3例行动脉栓塞治疗子宫肌瘤患者进行回顾性研究 ,统计子宫动脉卵巢支显示类型 ,比较不同显示类型与发生停经、闭经的关系。结果　子宫动脉造影时 ,196例未显示卵巢血管 ,其中有 4例治疗后发生停经或闭经 ,5 7例显示卵巢血管 ,其中 5例发生停经或闭经。两者比较有显著性差异 (χ2 =4 .0 4 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　子宫动脉造影卵巢支显示的患者 ,卵巢功能可能易受影响 ,表现为发生停经或闭经者较多     

支气管动脉畸形致大咯血的血管造影检查和栓塞治疗

目的：探讨支气管动脉造影及栓塞术对支气管动脉畸形致大咯血的诊治价值。材料和方法：对7例不明原因的大咯血患者急诊或择期支气管动脉数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查，对异常血管用聚乙烯泡沫醇（PVA）颗粒或明胶海绵颗粒加钢圈栓塞。结果：共发现9支畸形支气管动脉，表现为一侧或双侧支气管动脉扭曲、分支增多，粗细不均，远端有弥漫造影剂浓染者3例，伴有一处或多处支气管动脉－肺动脉瘘者4例。除1例明胶海绵及钢圈栓塞患者1周内复发外，PVA栓塞者平均随访27．5月未见复发。结论：支气管动脉造影可明确致大咯血的支气管动脉畸形，栓塞治疗可望获得良好的远期疗效。     

无水乙醇在巨块型肝癌经皮动脉栓塞术中的价值及临床疗效观察

目的 评价无水乙醇在巨块型肝癌经皮肝动脉栓塞术中的临床疗效及不良反应,探讨该疗法的操作技术要领与其临床价值. 资料与方法 结合CT、MRI等影像资料,在X线机引导下,对165例巨块型肝癌以无水乙醇 等量超液态碘油实施肿瘤滋养动脉(包括肝动脉及其侧支供瘤动脉)超选择性完全性充填栓塞,直至碘油充填影像与CT、MRI等影像资料完全相符. 结果 165例肝癌肿块经一次栓塞后95%以上被固化乃至完全固化135例(81.8%),大部固化30例(18.2%);经2～3次栓塞治疗后,95%以上被固化乃至完全固化159例(96.4%),大部固化6例(3.6%).3～6个月复查肿块明显缩小151例(91.5%),部分缩小14例(8.5%).术后1周患者肝功能无明显改变131例(79.4%),肝功能轻度变差24例(14.5%),肝功能明显变差10例(6.1%).术后6个月生存165例(100%),6个月～1年生存126例(76.4%),1～2年生存91例(55.1%),2～3年生存69例(41.8%),3年以上生存49例(29.7%). 结论 无水乙醇 等量超液态碘油超选择性肿瘤滋养动脉插管并完全性充填栓塞,可以迅速和较为彻底地杀灭局部肿瘤组织,避免了肿瘤的扩展、浸润生长及转移的发生,同时避免了化疗药物对肝细胞的损害及对全身的毒副反应,能有效提高患者的生活质量,明显延长患者的生存期.只要操作得当,是较为安全的介入治疗方法.     

产后大出血：卵巢动脉造影和栓塞术的意义

目的:观察卵巢动脉(OA)作为产后出血来源的血管造影表现,评价经导管栓塞OA参与出血的安全性和疗效。材料和方法:对7例OA作为产后出血来源的患者进行了选择性OA造影和栓塞术。栓塞OA的材料有明胶海绵碎粒、PVA、微型钢丝圈。结果:选择性OA造影显示造影剂外溢至宫腔6例、OA直接参与子宫异常血管供血1例。补充栓塞参与出血或病变的OA后出血立即停止,住院期间未再复发出血,未发生与栓塞术相关的并发症。结论:OA可作为产后出血的主要供血动脉,是导致常规栓塞两侧髂内动脉-子宫动脉不能控制出血的原因之一。如发现OA参与产科出血性病变的供血,补充做OA栓塞术是安全和有效的。     

部分脾动脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的临床观察

目的:探讨对肝硬化脾功能亢进患者行不同程度栓塞后的临床疗效。方法:选择43例肝炎后肝硬化脾功能亢进患者。A组17例,栓塞面积约40%~50%;B组26例,栓塞面积约70%~80%。采用Seldinger技术经右侧股动脉插管到脾动脉脾门处或脾中下极动脉用PVA微粒行部分脾动脉栓塞。并于术后3d、1周、2周、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年及两年复查血常规,以此评价两种不同栓塞程度治疗的效果。结果:术后白细胞、血小板均上升。B组的疗效优于A组,并有统计学意义。结论:部分脾动脉栓塞面积在70%~80%疗效较好,在病情允许下应加大栓塞面积,以稳定疗效。     

胃十二指肠动脉假性动脉瘤血管造影诊断及栓塞治疗

目的探讨血管造影诊断及栓塞治疗胃十二指肠动脉假性动脉瘤的方法。资料与方法12例胃十二指肠动脉假性动脉瘤均为腹部外科手术后急性消化道出血,经内科保守治疗无效而急诊行血管造影及栓塞治疗。其中消化道出血前2例有感染征象,2例腹腔引流液淀粉酶升高。结果11例栓塞后迅速止血;1例消化道出血栓塞胆囊动脉6h后再出血,再次造影发现胃十二指肠动脉残端假性动脉瘤破裂,栓塞胃十二指肠动脉残端后止血。栓塞后复查造影示假性动脉瘤供血动脉完全闭塞,假性动脉瘤未见显影;栓塞术后3例有一过性上腹部疼痛。术后随访3～46个月,无复发及并发症。结论血管造影诊断及经导管栓塞是诊断及治疗胃十二指肠动脉假性动脉瘤迅速、安全、有效的方法。     

Outcomes After Unilateral Uterine Artery Embolization: A Retrospective Review

Purpose Bilateral uterine artery embolization (UAE) is considered necessary to provide effective treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids. Occasionally, only unilateral embolization is performed, and this study evaluates these outcomes. Materials and Methods As part of a prospective observational study of more than 1600 patients treated with UAE since 1996, there have been 48 patients in whom unilateral embolization has been performed. This study retrospectively reviews clinical response as assessed by our standard questionnaire and radiological response assessed by either magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound. Results Two principal groups emerged: the largest, where only the dominant unilateral arterial supply was electively embolized (30 patients); and the second, where there was technical failure to catheterize the second uterine artery as a result of anatomical constraints (12 patients). Favorable clinical response with a reduction in menorrhagia at 1 year was seen in 85.7% (18/21) of those patients with a dominant arterial supply to the fibroid(s). In contrast, in those patients where there was technical failure to embolize one uterine artery, there was a high rate of clinical failure requiring further intervention in 58.3% (7/12). Comparison of the technical failure group with the dominant uterine artery group demonstrated a statistically significant (Fisher’s exact test) difference in the proportion of patients with evidence of persistent fibroid vascularity (p < 0.001) and requiring repeat intervention (p < 0.01). Conclusion We conclude that unilateral UAE can achieve a positive clinical result in the group of patients where there is a dominant unilateral artery supplying the fibroid(s), in contrast to the poor results seen following technical failure.     

经导管子宫动脉栓塞对卵巢功能及正常子宫肌组织的影响

目的：探讨经导管子宫动脉栓塞（TUAE）对卵巢功能与正常子宫肌组织的影响及意义。资料与方法：101例子宫肌瘤与25例子宫腺肌病患者行经导管子宫动脉注射碘油平阳霉素乳剂（LPE）加明胶海绵颗粒栓塞治疗。通过栓塞后月经观察、卵巢内分泌功能测试、MR检查、经前诊刮及栓塞后全子宫切除标本病理研究，了解栓塞后卵巢功能及正常子宫肌组织的改变。结果：月经观察无闭经发生，经前诊刮病理提示子宫内膜呈分泌期改变。卵巢内分泌功能测试栓塞前后变化无明显差异（P＞0．05）。MR检查正常子宫肌层未见缺血改变，切除标本病理观察正常子宫肌组织亦未见坏死发生。结论：TUAE是一项安全的治疗技术，对卵巢功能及正常子宫肌组织无不良影响。     

经颈静脉肝内门-体静脉分流术同时行胃冠状静脉及胃短静脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化门脉高压并消化道出血

目的评价经颈静脉肝内门-体静脉分流术同时行胃冠状静脉及胃短静脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化门脉高压并消化道出血的效果。资料与方法对81例肝硬化门脉高压并消化道出血患者应用经颈静脉肝内门-体静脉分流术同时行胃冠状静脉及胃短静脉栓塞术进行治疗，其中男61例，女20例，年龄32-74岁。所有患者均有1-3次消化道出血史，合并脾大及脾功能亢进者58例，有腹水者30例。门静脉穿刺成功后首先行脾静脉造影，以明确胃冠状静脉、胃短静脉的部位及曲张情况，将5F Cobra导管超选入胃冠状静脉，注入5％鱼肝油酸钠进行栓塞，对曲张静脉直径较大的不锈钢圈加强栓塞以防再通。如胃短静脉参与构成胃底静脉的曲张一并栓塞，然后建立TIPSS分流道。为评价此项治疗与单纯行分流术对控制再发出血的疗效，笔者随机抽取资料完整的、单纯行分流术的64例患者作为对照组进行研究。结果81例技术操作全部成功，均达到止血效果，无严重并发症。随访1～12个月有51人次来我院行上消化道造影，造影可见食管胃底静脉曲张明显减轻。术后10个月内有7例发生分流道狭窄，并再次发生少量消化道出血(7／81，占8．6％)，对照组再发消化道出血10例(10／64，占15．6％)。结论经颈静脉肝内门-体静脉分流术同时行胃冠状静脉及胃短静脉栓塞，即分流加断流术能获得较好的止血效果，其再发出血率明显低于单纯行分流术组，是治疗门脉高压并消化道出血最合理的介入治疗方法。     

Embolization of Isolated Hypogastric Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

A 75-year-old man with arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction was referred to our service because of an asymptomatic hypogastric artery aneurysm (HAA) detected by a routine compued tomography (CT) scan. As shown on the angio-CT the maximum transverse diameter (m.t.d.) of the HAA was 47 mm. There were no symptoms of distal embolization or compression on the pelvic structures. We performed the successful complete thrombosis of the aneurysm using vascular plugs via a controlateral femoral approach. The control angiogram was satisfactory and there were no intraoperative complications. A CT-angiography done 4 months after the procedure showed no signs of refilling of the aneurysm sac. This case illustrates some possible advantages of vascular plugs in the treatment of isolated HAA.     

Nontraumatic Rupture of Lumbar Artery Causing an Intravertebral Body Pseudoaneurysm: Treatment by Transcatheter Embolization

We report a case of nontraumatic rupture of the lumbar artery that led to a pseudoaneurysm in the vertebral body and massive retroperitoneal to retropleural hematoma. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully treated by endovascular embolization. To our knowledge, idiopathic rupture of the lumbar artery has been reported in a limited number of cases and pseudoaneurysm formation in the vertebral body has not been presented in the literature. The etiology of hemorrhage has been discussed based on CT, MRI, and three-dimensional rotational angiography.     

应用微导管同轴导管系统行超选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血

目的 探讨经微导管同轴导系统使用丝线微屑行超选择性支气管动脉栓塞,以达到安全有效的治疗大咯血的目的。材料与方法 36例大咯血患者（女8例,男28例,年龄21-76岁,平均38.5岁。咯血量300ml/24h)均采用经微导管同轴导管系统行超选择性支气管动脉栓塞,栓塞剂为丝线微屑和/或明胶海绵微屑,全部病例随访6-18个月。结果 即刻止血31例,咯血明显减少4例,有效率97%（35/36）,1例无法止血。无严重并发症（主要是脊髓损伤）发生。结论 经微导管同轴导管系统使用丝线微屑进行超选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血是安全有效的治疗方法。