Optical coherence tomography, an important new tool in the investigation of the retina

Optical coherence tomography, an important new tool in the investigation ofthe retina Recently optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been introduced into the field of ophthalmology to enhance visualization ofthe various retinal layers. OCT uses interference of near infra-red, low-coherent light reflected from the retina and from a reference mirror, to create transverse sections of the retina. The strength of the signal is a measure of the reflection of the retinal layer which is situated at the same distance from the light source as the mirror. Accurate placement ofthe mirror gives a transverse view of the retina with an axial resolution of 10 microm, with which the resolution of a histological section can be approximated. OCT is used in ophthalmic diseases such as macular oedema, macular holes and other abnormalities on the retinal-vitreous border, following photodynamic therapy and in treating glaucoma. OCT has been used to detect early glaucoma by measuring the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer. OCT and fluorescence angiography complement one another as diagnostic methods but OCT is superior in the diagnosis of macular oedema and macular holes. OCT provides images of retinal pathology which can easily be interpreted by both ophthalmologists and patients.     

OCT技术及在医疗诊断中的应用

光学相干层析(OCT)作为一种新型的成像技术，能对活体组织内部微小结构进行实时、在体、高分辨率的断层成像，从而成为一种全新的疾病诊断手段。目前基于OCT的新方法和新技术不断涌现，并逐步应用于临床检查。     

高分辨率眼科频域光学相干层析成像仪的研究与设计

本文根据频域光学相干层析成像的原理,设计并开发了基于眼科常用的裂隙灯显微镜的实用化光学相干层析成像仪。文中详细介绍了该诊断仪器的总体结构,对仪器设计中需要重点考虑的上位机与下位机的通信、固视灯与参考臂模块的设计和抗干扰措施三个方面的问题进行了详述。     

浅谈民谣式教学模式在眼科教学中的应用

目的探讨民谣式教学模式在眼科教学中的应用。方法选取40名医学院新入选的眼科专业医学生作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组的医学生采用传统的教学方法,观察组的医学生采用新的民谣教学模式,认真观察比较两组医学生的教学效果。结果观察组医学生的测试成绩明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新颖的民谣式教学模式对眼科教学具有重要意义。它不仅可以有效培养医学生的眼科兴趣,还可以提高考试成绩,帮助医学生更好地掌握眼科专业知识,值得临床推广应用。     

波前像差技术在眼科学中的应用

从屈光手术、白内障、视网膜疾病、干眼症、复视、圆锥角膜等方面介绍了波前像差技术在眼科临床中的应用情况。波前像差技术还可用于评估白内障的手术方式、人工晶体的材料和设计等对人眼成像质量的影响,从而找出最佳的治疗方式,最大限度地降低眩光、夜视力差等问题对人眼的影响。指出波前像差的临床应用具有越来越广泛的前景,然而实现其应用的特殊技术尚处于初步研发阶段,一些涉及到调节、年龄和色像差等问题的基础研究亟待加强,因此其在眼科临床上的理想应用还有很长的路要走。     

光学相干断层扫描用于黄斑前膜临床诊治的探讨

目的探讨黄斑区增殖膜的光学相干断层扫描(Optical Coherence Tomography OCT)图像特征及临床诊断和术后评估价值。方法对在我院眼底检查拟诊或诊断为黄斑部视网膜患者38例38眼术前及术后行OCT检查。结果黄斑部视网膜前膜的OCT图像表现为视网膜表面厚薄不一的高反光带，或紧贴于黄斑表面，或与其部分相连。绝大多数黄斑中心凹变浅，厚度增加。术后黄斑区视网膜前膜消失，部分病例黄斑区色素上皮损害或黄斑部水肿。结论OCT可以直接客观地显示黄斑前膜及手术后黄斑部各种组织结构的改变，为黄斑前膜的临床诊断、手术效果及治疗评价提供了更加准确可靠的信息。     

眼科学临床教学的新思路

为了提高眼科学临床教学效果，通过对教学课时及内容的合理安排、优化教学多媒体、加强实践环节、培养学生自我挑战意识、启发和锻炼临床逻辑思维、及正视和处理反移情现象，总结出眼科学临床教学应建立的教学新思路一加强实践，重视临床思维启发和培养，防范反移情促进师生之间的互动情感?     

建立面向数据价值的眼科临床教学模式探讨

目的建立面向数据价值的眼科教学模式。方法通过分析医院医疗大数据价值和教学的关系以及面向数据价值的眼科教学模式,提出了将临床、教学、科研、管理过程中产生的数据进行优化组合。结果信息时代的医疗、科研电子数据成了眼科教学的主体。结论充分发挥数据价值,实现眼科教学的数据模型化。     

An evaluation of the undergraduate teaching programme in ophthalmology in Sri Lanka and Malaysia

The knowledge and clinical and minor surgical skills acquired by 257 medical students in three universities in Sri Lanka and Malaysia were assessed by a questionnaire after they had completed their training period in ophthalmology. This study showed that many medical students graduating from these universities lacked the basic clinical and minor surgical skills essential for a doctor practising in a community in south-east Asia. The responses also indicated that teaching by consultants in all three universities was inadequate and due to these inadequacies the students requested that the duration of their training period be doubled. Ophthalmology is an important component of clinical practice and proper education in this subject is important. An urgent revision of the aims and objectives of the curriculum in ophthalmology is essential to place greater emphasis on this important and much neglected subject, for which very little curricular time is allotted.     

OCT与ERG在遗传性视网膜劈裂症临床诊断中的应用价值分析

目的 分析光学相干断层扫描(O.CT)与视网膜电流图(ERG)在遗传性视网膜劈裂症临床诊断中的应用价值.方法 选择我院2017年4月至2021年4月收治的80例疑似遗传性视网膜劈裂症患者,均行O.CT与ERG检查.以荧光素眼底血管造影为金标准,比较O.CT、ERG对遗传性视网膜劈裂症的诊断效能.结果 80例疑似遗传性视...     

基于数据包络分析的县级医院眼科服务效率研究

目的分析评价36家县级医院眼科资源及效率情况,为促进县级医院眼科服务效率提供参考。方法通过问卷调查收集县级医院眼科资源和服务提供情况,并对其进行描述,采用数据包络分析模型评价眼科服务效率。结果 36家县级医院眼科医师数、眼科护士数、实际开放床位数和眼科设备数的中位数分别为7.0、9.0、20.0、18.0,四分位间距分别为6.5、7.0、17.5、7.0;眼科年门诊量和眼科年住院量的中位数分别为18 802.0、1 193.0,四分位间距分别为15 590.5、1 113.0。眼科综合技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率的均值分别为0.764、0.849、0.900。处于规模报酬变化的医院共有24家,其中14家处于递增状态、10家处于递减状态。结论本次调查的县级医院存在眼科资源相对短缺或过剩的现象,并对眼科服务效率产生一定影响。合理配置眼科资源,提高对资源的利用水平,有利于改善县级医院眼科服务效率,从而满足居民眼科服务需求。     

PBL教学法在眼科学见习教学中的实践与体会

目的为更好地培养医学生的临床实践能力,探索适合中国国情的眼科学以问题为基础的学习(PBL)教学方法。方法在临床医学专业本科生的《眼科学》见习教学中,开展PBL教学法实践,在教师辅导下,“以问题为基础”对教学病例进行课前复习阅读教科书和有关参考资料,以及讨论学习。结果学生对PBL的学习方法表现出了较大的积极性,可使学生掌握更多有关眼科疾病的知识,充分体现教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用,提高教学效率,同时对教师提出更高的要求。结论PBL教学法有利于调动学生的学习积极性和主动性,有利于培养学生的自学能力和创新精神,在教与学两方面促进了教学质量的提高,受到学生教师的普遍认可。     

A survey of eye trauma and diseases at a teaching hospital: implications for training in occupational ophthalmology in Nigeria

This study explores the amount of occupational ophthalmology that it is possible to encounter within an existing teaching hospital system, as this offers the primary training facilities for resident doctors who expect to specialize in occupational medicine. The study was based on an analysis of ophthalmology patient records available at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, which is Nigeria's largest teaching hospital. One thousand, three hundred and thirty-four patients with eye disease were seen during the 1-year study. Of these, 1052 (78.9%) did not have their occupations recorded. Accidents were the only occupational diagnoses recorded, and this occurred in 75 (5.6%) of cases. The findings indicate that doctors who train in this specialty should gain experience in industries that have sizeable occupational health services, in addition to their formal ophthalmology training, in order to acquire experience in primary and occupational eye care. It is suggested that greater emphasis be placed on occupational ophthalmology in teaching hospitals and that there is a general improvement in completing patients' records: in particular, a patient's occupation should be recorded.     

眼科医院感染的预防与控制

目的探讨眼科医院感染的发生因素及控制措施。方法针对眼科发生医院感染危险因素，建立健全规章制度；加强知识培训、环境清洁消毒，预防空气污染、加强手术室及手术患者的管理；确保诊疗器械清洗、消毒、灭菌质量等综合方法的实施。结果提高了全科医务人员对眼科医院感染重要性的认识，保证了医护质量，避免了眼科手术后的感染。结论制定适合眼科专业特点的预防与控制医院感染的制度和措施并认真落实，可有效地预防眼科医院感染的发生。     

活血化瘀中药在眼科的应用分析

目的 分析活血化瘀中药在眼科临床应用的效果,为眼科疾病治疗方案的选择提供参考.方法 选择我院眼科2008年3月至2010年2月收治的眼部出血患者168例,随机分为对照组和观察组各84例.根据不同病情,对照组患者给予西医常规治疗;观察组患者在此基础上给予活血化瘀类中药进行辅助治疗.连续治疗40d后,观察并比较2组患者的临床疗效.结果 对照组患者显效20例,有效42例,无效22例,总有效率为73.81％;观察组患者显效24例,有效51例,无效9例,总有效率为89.28％.2组患者总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 活血化瘀中药应用于眼科临床,对结膜下出血、前房积血、玻璃体积血、眼外伤所致眼内出血、全身性疾病所致的眼底出血等眼部出血病症有较好的辅助治疗效果,值得临床推广应用.     

血管内光学相干成像的原理和临床应用

本文介绍了光学相干成像（Optical Coherence Tomography,OCT）这种采集组织浅表断层图像的新技术,分析了血管内OCT技术的成像原理及临床应用优势,文章最后对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Picture archiving and fundus imaging in a glaucoma clinic

Ophthalmological image archiving and distribution can be automated using a picture archiving and communication system (PACS). A fundus PACS has been in clinical use since February 2000 at the ophthalmology clinic of Tampere University Hospital. It consists of a digital fundus camera, an imaging workstation, from which new patients can be added to the archive, 10 viewing stations and an image archive server. In glaucoma imaging, the fundus images taken from a patient are transferred from the imaging workstation to the image archive server and are then immediately available from the physician's viewing workstation; the transfer time of an average image, of 350 kbit, is 0.0035 s, even though the archive is located 5 km away. After 18 months of operation there were over 16,000 images archived; these took 5.3 GByte of a total storage capacity of 41.9 GByte. The network and archive server achieved 99% reliability in use. Digital imaging makes it possible to shift ophthalmology clinics towards more patient-oriented treatment procedures.     

活血化瘀中药在眼科的应用分析

目的分析活血化瘀中药在眼科临床应用的效果,为眼科疾病治疗方案的选择提供参考。方法选择我院眼科2008年3月至2010年2月收治的眼部出血患者168例,随机分为对照组和观察组各84例。根据不同病情,对照组患者给予西医常规治疗;观察组患者在此基础上给予活血化瘀类中药进行辅助治疗。连续治疗40d后,观察并比较2组患者的临床疗效。结果对照组患者显效20例,有效42例,无效22例,总有效率为73．81％;观察组患者显效24例,有效5l例,无效9例,总有效率为89．28％。2组患者总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论活血化瘀中药应用于眼科临床,对结膜下出血、前房积血、玻璃体积血,眼外伤所致眼内出血,全身性疾病所致的眼底出血等眼部出血病症有较好的辅助治疗效果,值得临床推广应用。     

光学相干断层成像和血管内超声指导下经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的临床效果

目的:分析光学相干断层成像和血管内超声指导下经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的临床效果。方法:对2018年4月~2019年4月在本院经皮冠状动脉治疗的500例患者进行分析,均分为对照组250例患者予以光学相干断层成像(OCT),观察组250例患者予以血管内超声(IVUS)指导介入治疗,分析相关数据。结果:两组患者数据对比后差异不明显,观察组资料的斑块检出率为98%,对照组为97.2%,对照组患者的随访后并发症发生率为40.8%,观察组随访后的并发症发生率43.6%,统计学意义不存在(P>0.05)。结论:光学相干断层成像和血管内超声指导下经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的临床效果较好,总体检出率较高,两种方式的临床效果相似度较高。