微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石46例

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的疗效和安全性。方法 46例复杂性输尿管上段结石患者均留置输尿管导管,在超声引导下行经皮肾穿刺,建立皮肾通道,用钬激光进行碎石并同期处理合并输尿管息肉,术后留置双J管和肾造瘘管。观察结石清除率、手术时间、出血量等。结果 46例患者均一次穿刺成功,建立皮肾通道,Ⅰ期结石清除成功41例(89%),手术时间(53±22)min,术中出血量(76±15)ml。5例(11%)患者术后复查发现有结石残留,Ⅱ期手术取石成功。结论微创经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石具有创伤小,结石清除率高,可同时处理合并的肾结石、输尿管息肉等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

超声引导下经皮肾输尿管镜治疗肾及输尿管上段结石117例体会

目的:探讨超声引导微创经皮肾输尿管镜碎石、取石术(PCNL)治疗肾及输尿管上段结石的疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院2007年4月-2013年5月,使用超声引导下微创经皮肾输尿管镜治疗肾及输尿管上段结石患者117例的临床资料,结果:117例均手术成功,结石清除率95%,平均手术时间80min,平均住院天数11d。结论:超声引导下微创经皮肾输尿管镜碎石取石术治疗肾及输尿管上段结石安全有效。     

钬激光微创经皮肾穿刺取石术治疗输尿管上段结石(附25例报告)

目的:探讨微创经皮肾穿刺肾镜钬激光取石术(miniamallyinvasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy,mPCNL)治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效。方法:采用钬激光微创经皮肾穿刺取石术治疗26例输尿管上段结石,记录碎石取石时间、结石取净率、手术并发症及住院时间。结果:一期微创经皮肾穿刺肾镜钬激光取石术取净率为96%(24/25);除1例患者因肾大量积水,未能经皮肾通道找到输尿管而中转为输尿管上段切开取石术外,所有患者手术均一次成功,术中无严重并发症发生,平均住院时间为6(4～9)d。结论:钬激光微创经皮肾穿刺取石术治疗输尿管上段结石具有微创、结石一期清除率高,是一种安全而有效的手术方法,值得临床应用推广。     

B超引导微创经皮肾镜治疗上尿路结石26例分析

目的:探讨超声引导微创经皮肾镜碎石取石术(MPCNL)治疗肾及输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性.方法:回顾性分析26例采用B超引导MPCNL治疗的肾及输尿管上段结石患者资料.结果:26例患者均一期成功建立皮肾通道,结石清除率80.8%,平均手术时间110 min,平均住院时间8 d,无严重并发症发生.结论:超声引导微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗上尿路结石安全、有效.     

B超引导经皮肾镜鈥激光治疗上段输尿管结石56例

目的 探讨B超引导下鈥激光微创经皮肾镜取石术处理上段输尿管结石疗效与安全性.方法 回顾性分析从2008年8月至2010年5月对56例上段输尿管结石行B超引导下鈥激光微创经皮肾镜取石术患者的资料.结果 手术均获成功,无中转开放性手术,手术时间35～120 min,平均62 min.一次经皮肾镜取石术结石取净率为100%,所有病例未见出现严重的并发症.结论 B超引导下微创经皮肾镜取石术处理上段输尿管结石,手术时间短,疗效满意,值得在临床推广应用.     

微创经皮肾穿刺取石术在基层医院的应用及其并发症防治

目的 总结微创经皮肾穿刺下输尿管镜取石术治疗肾及输尿管上段结石及其并发症防治.方法 回顾分析用该方法治疗的56例肾输尿管上段结石患者的临床资料.结果 51例患者微创经皮肾穿刺输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石取石成功.总成功率91%,平均手术时间为122 min.结论 徽创经皮肾穿刺下输尿管镜取石术具有高效、安全、微创、恢复快和住院时间短等优点,是治疗肾及输尿管上段结石的首选方法.     

微创经皮肾镜与泌尿道输尿管镜治疗上尿路结石的疗效对比研究

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜与泌尿道输尿管镜治疗上尿路结石的临床疗效。方法选取本院2016年2月至2016年12月经门诊收治入院的上尿路结石患者58例,根据治疗方法分为微创经皮肾镜组与泌尿道输尿管镜组,观察两组患者的结石清除率、手术时间、术后出院时间、术后疼痛评分、并发症发生率,并进行比较。结果微创经皮肾镜组结石清除率96.5%;泌尿道输尿管镜组结石清除率79.3%。微创经皮肾镜组患者结石清除率明显高于泌尿道输尿管镜组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。微创经皮肾镜组患者29例,手术时间(42.3±11.4)min、术后疼痛评分(1.8±1.2)、术后住院时间(7.2±2.3)天,明显低于泌尿道输尿管镜组患者,手术时间(65.2±10.7)min、术后疼痛评分(4.2±1.9)、术后住院时间(9.5±3.7)天,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。微创经皮肾镜组并发症发生率6.9%明显低于泌尿道输尿管镜组并发症发生率41.4%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论微创经皮肾镜与泌尿道输尿管镜治疗上尿路结石均具有良好的疗效,但是微创经皮肾镜治疗的患者结石清除率更高,术后并发症的发生率更小,值得在临床上推广。     

两种微创方法治疗输尿管上段结石的对比分析

目的:探讨微创经皮肾镜与后腹腔镜治疗输尿管上段结石的疗效以及术后情况分析。方法:分析2009年6月~2011年6月我院输尿管上段结石手术患者38例,其中采用微创经皮肾镜碎石术(MPC-NL)16例,后腹腔镜下输尿管切开取石术(RLTP)22例,对手术时间、出血量、结石清除率、手术并发症、术后住院日方面进行比较。结论:两种微创治疗方式均具微创小、出血少、术后恢复快等特点,在合并肾结石时,微创经皮肾镜碎石术具有明显优势;在伴有肾盂输尿管病变需手术时,腹腔镜具有更大优势。     

输尿管上段结石的不同微创治疗方法临床对比分析

目的:探讨输尿管上段结石的微创治疗方法选择。方法:将100例输尿管上段结石患者随机分成两组,每组50例,分别行后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术和经皮肾镜取石术治疗,比较两组结石清除率、并发症发生情况以及相关的临床资料。结果:两组结石清除率、手术时间、术后住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组和经皮肾镜组术后平均出血量分别为(26.88±3.24)ml和(74.49±11.24)ml,并发症发生率分别为4%和18%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:两种方法治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石都是有效的微创治疗策略,经皮肾镜组术后并发症显著高于腹腔镜组,后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术安全性高于微创经皮肾镜取石术。     

微创经皮肾镜碎石与输尿管镜碎石术治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的疗效比较

目的:研究并对比微创经皮肾镜碎石与输尿管镜碎石术治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石的临床效果。方法:选择嵌顿性输尿管上段结石患者78例进行分组治疗,研究组及对照组各39例,分组依据为信封法。研究组均采用微创经皮肾镜碎石术,对照组患者均使用输尿管镜碎石术治疗。结果:研究组患者术后3 d、术后1个月的结石清除率分别为94.9%、100.0%,均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对比手术时间、住院时间则提示对照组更短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对比两组并发症发生几率,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:微创经皮肾镜碎石与输尿管镜碎石术治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石各有优点,前者的结石清除率更高,后者康复速度更快,两种治疗效果的并发症发生几率均较低,临床选择具体术式时应综合考虑患者具体情况。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.