针刺中渚后溪穴脑功能性磁共振成像研究

目的：研究针刺中渚穴、后溪穴脑功能变化的规律和脑激活区的定住信息。为针灸治疗的中枢机制提供实验依据。方法：利用fMRI—BOLD技术，获取8位健康志愿者的中渚穴和后溪穴在行针状态下的脑功能变化图像。利用AFNI软件分析针刺中渚穴和后溪穴时脑功能变化的规律。结果：针刺左侧中渚穴和后溪穴主要引起扣带回、颞叶、小脑、枕叶等的激活。结论：针刺的镇痛效果可能是通过多个脑功能区的相互作用而产生的。     

Synthesis of enantiomerically pure (-)-(S)-brevicolline

(-)-(S)-Brevicolline (1) and related beta-carbolines were synthesized using an enantiomerically pure Michael-acceptor synthon (3). Subsequent Pictet-Spengler reaction afforded the tetrahydro-beta-carboline skeleton, which, in turn, was transformed to the beta-carboline by catalytic dehydrogenation.     

补益气血方剂对血液流变性的影响

目的：研究补益气血方剂对血液流变性的影响，为探讨中医气血理论提供一定依据。方法：采用正常、寒凝血瘀、气虚血瘀模型大鼠，观察补益气血代表方四君子汤(SZJ)、四物汤(SW)及八珍汤(BZ)水提物对血液粘度、血沉、红细胞压积、电泳时间等血液流变学指标影响，并考察其对ADP诱导家兔体外血小板聚集的影响。结果：BZ可明显升高正常大鼠高切80S^-1下全血比粘度，三者均可明显增加其体外血栓的湿重和干重；SW、BZ明显降低肾上腺素加冰水浴所致血瘀模型大鼠体外血栓湿重、干重及血栓长度，SW还可显著抑制血沉加快；SZJ、BZ可明显降低番泻叶所致气虚血瘀模型大鼠红细胞压积；体外250μg／ml均可显著抑制ADP引起的家兔血小板聚集。结论：补益气血方剂具有一定改善血液流变性作用。     

针刺中渚、外关的脑功能性磁共振成像研究

目的研究针刺中渚穴、外关穴脑功能变化的规律和脑激活区的定位信息。为针灸治疗的中枢机制提供实验依据。方法利用fMRI-BOLD技术,获取8位健康志愿者的中渚穴和外关穴在行针状态下的脑功能变化图像。利用AFNI软件分析针刺中渚穴和外关穴时脑功能变化的规律。结果针刺左侧中渚穴和外关穴主要引起扣带回、颞叶、小脑、枕叶等的激活。结论针刺的镇痛效果可能是通过多个脑功能区的相互作用而产生的。     

冬凌草素载药纳米粒的制备与表征

目的：制备冬凌草素载药纳米粒,对粒子形态、大小、载药量等进行了表征.方法：以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,通过PEG端羟基引发了己内酯开环聚合而得PCL-PEO-PCL嵌段共聚物;聚合物在选择性溶剂中可形成胶束样纳米粒.结果：纳米粒在扫描电镜下观察呈规则的球形,Zeta电位测定其表面电荷最大值可达-30 mV,动态光散射检测粒径在200 nm左右,纳米粒的临界胶团浓度较低;而载药量较高,可达到9%左右.结论：PCL-PEO-PCL聚合物纳米胶束可作为冬凌草素的新型药物输送系统.     

Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) by flavonoids isolated from Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb) (Simaroubaceae)

In our screening program for antihypertensive properties of plants, the leaves of Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb), a plant used in Egyptian traditional medicine, were analysed. Chromatographic separation of A. excelsa MeOH extract yielded six flavonoids for the first time from this species, namely apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol-3-O-alpha-arabinopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-beta-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-alpha-arabinopyranoside and luteolin-7-O-beta-glucopyranoside. The in vitro hypotensive activities of the MeOH extract and the isolated compounds were elucidated. All the flavonoids tested exhibited ACE inhibitory activity, in particular the most active compound was kaempferol-3-O-beta-galactopyranoside with an IC(50) value of 260 microm.     

Effects of intraduodenal application of peppermint oil (WS(R) 1340) and caraway oil (WS(R) 1520) on gastroduodenal motility in healthy volunteers

Enteric-coated preparations containing a fixed peppermint oil/caraway oil combination (e.g. Enteroplant(R)) are widely used in patients with functional dyspepsia. The effect of a separate intraduodenal application of the active ingredients of Enteroplant(R) (90 mg peppermint oil (WS(R) 1340), 50 mg caraway oil (WS(R) 1520) per capsule) and of a hydrophobic phase galenic auxiliary material contained in the Enteroplant(R) formulation (dose as contained per capsule) on gastroduodenal motility were studied with stationary manometry in healthy volunteers. The carrier demanded by the experimental setup also served as a control. The results showed that: (1) during phase III of the migrating motor complex (MMC) the frequency and duration of contractions showed a significant decrease in the duodenum for WS(R) 1340; (2) WS(R) 1520 significantly reduced the contraction amplitudes in the duodenum during phase I and II of the MMC; (3) trends for decreased values were seen for WS(R) 1340 in the gastric corpus and duodenum and for WS(R) 1520 in the gastric antrum; (4) in the gastric corpus the duration of contractions was significantly reduced after application of WS(R) 1340 during phases I and II of the MMC; (5) WS(R) 1520 significantly reduced the contraction amplitudes and the duration of contractions in the gastric corpus during phase III of the MMC; (6) for the hydrophobic phase a moderate but significant decrease of duration of contractions in the duodenum and of frequency of contractions in the gastric corpus was seen. No adverse events were observed during the study. In conclusion, it could be shown that both WS(R) 1340 and WS(R) 1520 contribute to the efficacy of Enteroplant(R). They act locally in the stomach and duodenum to produce smooth-muscle relaxation. The effects of the active ingredients WS(R) 1340 and WS(R) 1520 substantially exceed the effects observed with the galenic auxiliary material and the carrier, respectively.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚对抗敌敌畏的毒性作用

 目的：研究盐酸戊乙奎醚（penequinine hydrochloride，PCHE）对敌敌畏（DDVP）诱发的呼吸循环抑制和脑电图（EEG）变化的影响。方法：同时测定麻醉大鼠的血压、心率、呼吸频率和呼吸通气量；记录清醒大鼠的EEG。结果：给麻醉大鼠iv DDVP 5mg·kg^－1，可使呼吸频率，呼吸通气量，血压及心率很快抑制。当iv不能通过血脑屏障的胆碱受体阻断剂甲基阿托品后，DDVP的呼吸循环抑制作用改善不明显；而应用PCHE1，2mg·kg^－1及阿托品2，4mg·kg^－1时能明显对抗DDVP引起的呼吸循环抑制。清醒大鼠DDVP中毒后EEG出现去同步化改变，少数出现癫痫波，PCHE可完全对抗DDVP诱发的EEG改变，阿托品仅部分对抗。结论：PCHE具有较强的中枢及外周抗DDVP中毒作用。     

辨桂枝与肉桂之异同

桂枝和肉桂同为樟科植物肉桂的一部分。桂枝为干燥的嫩枝,肉桂为干燥的树皮。虽然二者来源于同一植物,但是二者的功效主治却大相径庭。肉桂与桂枝都有发汗解热之功效。在桂枝汤中用肉桂或是桂枝,在发汗方面,二者无显著差别;而在解热方面,肉桂解热作用比桂枝强。肉桂和桂枝在功效与使用上有许多相似之处,但在某些方面也有差别,各味药都有其特殊而又精妙的用处。     

定喘汤“宣降清”三法组方规律探析

通过定喘汤的方名考、方剂源流、同名衍生方及类方的深入研究,认为其出处应变更为《扶寿精方·痰门》。系统梳理定喘汤专治病名延革及所治病症、证型特点,以"辨证-立法-组方"为研究思路,明确痰热内蕴、风寒外束之证,确立宣、降、清三法。回归中医基础理论,探寻三种治法的理论基础:宣降之法基于中医升降理论,而清法源于中医阴阳学说。从"立法-组方"方面,认为定喘汤组方规律有3个特点:(1)立宣法,君以辛温宣升开肺,外解非时之感。(2)立降法,臣以苦辛温润,肃降肺内壅塞之气。(3)立清法,佐以甘寒苦寒之品,清内蕴之痰热。本方融宣、降、清三法于一体,三者各司其职,相辅相成,协同作用,恰对病机三因,祛邪去因,取效甚速。     

ACUPUNCTURE ANESTHESIA(AA) VERSUS ACUPUNCTURE-ASSISTED ANESTHESIA(AAA)

Ithasbeenfourdecadessincethefirstuseofacupunctureforanestheticpurpose("acupunc-tureanesthesia",AA)insurgicaloperationsinthelate195os.Itwascertainlyuniqueinthewholehistoryofacupuncturemedicinetohavethousandsofhospitalsinvolvedinsuchalargescaleclinicalpracticeinmil1ionsofoperations.After4decadesofclinicaloperationsitistherighttimetolookbackthewholeprocessandseewhatwecouldlearnfromthepastandwhatweshoulddointhefuture.1.Acupuncture-inducedanalgesiaisthekeyforAA.Acupuncturehasawiderangeofphysi-olo…     

电针治疗脑卒中痉挛性偏瘫的临床研究

目的：探讨电针治疗中风偏瘫痉挛状态的临床疗效及其机制。方法：采用电针拮抗针法与传统针刺方法进行临床对比。结果：电针治疗组总有效率为90．3％，对照组为64．0％，两组疗效比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01），治疗组疗效高于对照组；电针治疗组可明显缓解偏瘫肢体的痉挛度并且优于对照组。结论：电针可有效地缓解中风偏瘫的痉挛状态。     

针刺后溪穴的脑功能性磁共振成像研究

目的：研究针刺后溪穴脑功能变化的规律和脑激活区的定位信息。为针灸治疗的中枢机制提供实验依据。方法：利用fMRI—BOLD技术，获取6位健康志愿者的后溪穴在行针状态下的脑功能变化图像。利用AFNI软件分析针刺后溪穴时脑功能变化的规律。结果：针刺左侧后溪穴主要引起扣带回、岛叶和颞叶、小脑、枕叶等的激活。结论：针刺的镇痛效果可能是通过多个脑功能区的相互作用而产生的。     

川芎嗪配伍黄芪多糖对血管内皮细胞的保护作用

目的:探讨川芎嗪(TMP)、黄芪多糖(APS)及其配伍对血管内皮细胞(VECs)的保护作用。方法:用浓度为10%高血压病患者血清作用于脐静脉内皮细胞株(ECV-304)24h进行造模,实验分为模型组、对照组、TMP组、APS组、TMP与APS配伍组。其中药物各组是将患者血清与药物共同培育细胞。以四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测细胞活性,硝酸还原酶法检测一氧化氮(NO)浓度,非平衡法测定内皮素(ET),激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检测细胞内游离钙浓度。结果:各药物组浓度依赖性增强细胞活性、增加NO释放、而抑制细胞ET释放、增加胞内游离钙浓度,且这两个中药单体配伍后比单独使用作用更显著。结论:TMP、APS及其配伍对VECs具有明显保护作用,且两者可能存在一定的协调作用。     

Expedient synthesis of (S)- and (R)-norcoclaurine from (S)- and (R)-norarmepavine [corrected] prepared by the 1-phenylethylurea method

(+/-)-Norarmepavine [3] [corrected] prepared by Bischler-Napieralski synthesis afforded, on reaction with (S)-(-)-1-phenylethylisocyanate, ureas 4 and 5 which were separated and purified by crystallization from EtOH and 70% HOAc. Alcoholysis of 4 and 5 with sodium butoxide in n-BuOH afforded (S)-norarmepavine [3a] and (R)-norarmepavine [3b] [corrected], respectively. Hplc analysis of ureas prepared from 3a and 3b with (S)-(-)-1-phenylethylisocyanate showed them to be optically pure alkaloids. Refluxing 3a and 3b with 48% HBr afforded the hydrobromide salts of (S)-norcoclaurine [1a] and its (R)-isomer 1b, respectively.     

Anticonvulsant activity of Carissa edulis (Vahl) (Apocynaceae) root bark extract

AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the anticonvulsant activity of root bark extract of Carissa edulis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The median lethal dose (LD(50)) of Carissa edulis extract was determined using Lork's method (1983). The anticonvulsant activity of the extract was assessed in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsion in mice and maximal electroshock test (MEST) in chicks, with benzodiazepine and phenytoin as standard drugs, respectively. While mechanistic studies were conducted using both flumazenil, a GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor complex site antagonist and naloxone a non-specific opioid receptor antagonist. RESULTS: The median lethal dose (LD(50)) of Carissa edulis was 282.8mg/kg and over 5000mg/kg following intraperitoneal and oral administration, respectively. Carissa edulis produced 40% and 20% protection against convulsion at 5 and 20mg/kg, respectively, compared with 100% protection with benzodiazepine. The mean onset and percentage protection against convulsion in Carissa edulis extract-treated mice were reduced by flumazenil and naloxone. Carissa edulis exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of the convulsion induced by MEST with 20mg/kg providing 90% protection while phenytoin (20mg/kg) produced 100% protection. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Carissa edulis possesses biologically active constituent(s) that have anticonvulsant activity which supports the ethnomedicinal claims of the use of the plant in the management of epilepsy.     

海洋真菌多糖YCP抑瘤作用(Ⅰ)

目的：研究海洋真菌多糖YCP对动物抑瘤作用和免疫功能的调节作用，探讨其抗肿瘤作用的机理。方法：采用抗移植性肿瘤实验方法，检测受试药物对荷瘤小鼠的瘤重及体重的影响。以荷瘤小鼠的血清半数溶血值（HC50）及吞噬指数K及吞噬系数α值等为指标，观察药物对免疫功能的影响。结果：与空白对照组相比，YCP（9．3mg／kg，iv、ip）对小鼠移植瘤肝癌实体型（Heps）、肉瘤180（S180）、Lewis肺癌的肿瘤生长具有明显的抑制作用（P〈0．01），且对小鼠的体重无明显的抑制作用。YCP（9,3mg／kg）可显著提高S180荷瘤小鼠的吞噬指数k和血清半数溶血值（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）。结论：YCP具有明显的抗肿瘤活性和显著提高S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

Effect of Panax ginseng extract (G115) on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and nitric oxide (NO) production

This study investigates the effects of the Panax ginseng (Araliaceae) extract G115 on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and nitric oxide (NO) in cultured human endothelial cells from umbilical veins (HUVEC) and bovine mesenteric arteries (BMA). In HUVEC, ACE activity was significantly reduced after 10 min incubation with aqueous extract of ginseng 5.0 and 10 mg/ml. This effect was additative with the inhibition of the traditional ACE inhibitor enalaprilat. No effect was seen on NO production from the cells. Angiotensin I-induced contraction of BMA was significantly attenuated by 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml ginseng, while no endothelium-dependent or -independent relaxation was seen. In conclusion, extract of Panax ginseng (G115) inhibits ACE activity, but does not affect NO production in HUVEC and BMA.