粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗急性脑梗死的临床研究

目的:探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子(G CSF)治疗急性脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法:74例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组按急性脑梗死常规方法治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用G CSF。两组病例于治疗前、治疗后1个月和3个月时分别进行Barthel指数(BI)和中国卒中量表(CSS)评定,并观察G CSF治疗期间的不良反应和随访末期的死亡/残障率。结果:71例完成了3个月的观察。治疗组无死亡病例,失访1例;对照组死亡2例。两组治疗后1个月BI和CSS评分即有所改善,但两组差异无显著意义;治疗后3个月,治疗组BI和CSS评分均优于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗组随访末期死亡/残障率为57%,低于对照组的78%(P<0.05)。G CSF治疗期间未出现明显不良反应。结论:G CSF治疗急性脑梗死安全易行,且能改善3个月时的神经功能和预后。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子与感染

集落刺激因子是调节体内外造血干细胞及成熟白细胞功能的一组糖蛋白生长因子，而粒细胞集落刺激因子则是其中一种主要作用于中性粒细胞的集落刺激因子。本文阐述粒细胞集落刺激因子的产生与作用，对感染的反应性性即体内存在感染时其上升情况，以及对免疫缺隐患者的治疗等问题。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子在急性心肌梗死治疗中的作用

急性心肌梗死是冠心病的一种严重类型，能够导致心肌细胞数量减少和心肌组织瘢痕形成，使心功能受损，发生心力衰竭，是目前心力衰竭的主要原因。近年来，许多研究发现粒细胞集落刺激因子（granulocyte—colony stimulating factor，G-CSF）具有促进心肌梗死后的组织修复和改善心功能的作用，为急性心肌梗死的治疗提供了又一新途径。国内外的动物实验和临床研究发现G-CSF可能通过多种机制影响心功能，现将其相关机制的研究综述如下。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗心肌梗死

粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗心肌梗死,能动员骨髓干细胞迁移至梗死部位,并分化为心肌细胞、平滑肌细胞、血管内皮细胞,从而减少梗死面积,改善心脏功能,但动物实验结果仍存在着矛盾,临床应用的有效性和安全性还需进一步探讨.     

粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗粒细胞缺乏症疗效观察

1999～2003年，我院应用重组粒细胞集落刺激因子(rhG-CSF)治疗粒细胞缺乏症，疗效较好。现报告如下。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子与心血管疾病

近年来大量的研究表明骨髓干细胞能够促进心肌梗死后侧支循环的形成,加快血管损伤后内皮的修复.粒细胞集落刺激因子是一类血液生长因子,近来研究发现它可以动员骨髓干细胞,使它们归巢到梗死区域,复制、分化并促进心肌的修复.本文就粒细胞集落刺激因子在心血管疾病,包括心肌梗死、血管损伤后再狭窄和心力衰竭中的作用机制及应用进行综述.     

粒细胞集落刺激因子在急性心肌梗死治疗中的作用

急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction．AMI）发病率、致残率和死亡率高,严重危害健康。由于成人体内心肌细胞缺乏再生能力,心肌梗死的坏死区将由结缔组织替代,梗死周围心肌重新排列重构心肌,并最终发展为心力衰竭。心力衰竭是AMI患者死亡的主要原因,目前治疗药物和介入疗法无法逆转已坏死的心肌细胞。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子及其受体

粒细胞集落刺激因子（Ｇ－ＣＳＦ）是一种多肽链的细胞生长因子,可特异地调节粒系细胞的增殖与分化,并能增强成熟粒细胞的功能,对机体应激防御系统有重要意义。近年来发现Ｇ－ＣＳＦ与白血病细胞的凋亡有一定关系。Ｇ－ＣＳＦ功能的发挥有赖于与效应细胞表面的特异性受体的结合。随着基因克隆技术的发展,Ｇ－ＣＳＦ重组产品已广泛用于临床,为血液病及其他疾病的治疗提供了有力的手段。１　Ｇ－ＣＳＦ的生物学作用人类Ｇ－ＣＳＦ由单个基因编码,其基因位于１７号染色体的ｑ２１－２２区,长约２．５ｋｂ,有５个外显子和４个内含子;其…     

粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗局灶性脑缺血性损伤

粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)可将造血干细胞(HSC)从骨髓中动员到外周血循环中,刺激HSC和骨髓基质细胞(MSC)向脑缺血病灶归巢,促使HSC和MSC与缺血半暗带细胞相互作用,促进神经营养因子产生.G-CSF还具有抗神经元凋亡作用,驱动神经发生.利用G-CSF动员自体HSC和MSC治疗局灶性缺血性脑损伤,可缩小脑梗死体积,促进神经功能恢复.     

A Meta-Analysis of Stem Cell Mobilization by Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Objective This project was aimed at evaluating the safety and efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as an adjunctive therapy to the standard therapy [percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and conventional medication] after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of G-CSF as an adjunctive therapy to standard therapy versus standard therapy was performed. The endpoints were defined as (1) target-vessel restenosis, (2) cumulative cardiac events (CCEs) that were a combined endpoint of all-cause deaths, reinfarction, and target-vessel revascularization, and (3) the changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline to follow-up. Results 320 patients were involved in 6 RCTs, of whom 160 were randomized to the G-CSF group and 160 to the control group. The follow-up period was 6.17 ± 3.49 months. There was no significant difference in the risk of target-vessel restenosis (P = 0.90) or CCEs (P = 0.59) between the two groups. When a pooled analysis of the changes in LVEF was performed with fixed-model effect, a significant heterogeneity was observed (P < 0.00001). The pooled analysis was thus conducted with random-model effect and did not show a significant improvement as compared to the control group (P = 0.34). A similar result was found in the sensitivity analysis based on five placebo-controlled trials involving 270 patients (P = 0.94). Conclusions G-CSF as an adjunctive therapy to standard therapy for patients with AMI may be safe. However, there is not much supporting evidence that this treatment could further improve LVEF. Since there are relatively few RCTs that meet the inclusion criteria and are heterogeneous in design, further research is required.     

粒细胞集落刺激因子动员骨髓干细胞治疗急性心肌梗死的观察

目的探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员的骨髓来源干细胞对急性心肌梗死(AMI)的治疗作用.方法 27例AMI病人随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组连续3 d给予G-CSF 300 μg/d,用201Tl心肌显像比较两组第6天和第30天的梗死面积变化,超声心动图观察3 d内和3个月的心功能变化.结果治疗组第30天的核素梗死缺损区面积明显减少(P＜0.01),核素放射性计数百分比明显增加(P＜0.05),治疗组治疗后各项心功能指标均明显改善(P＜0.01).对照组无明显改变(P＞0.05).结论用G-CSF动员骨髓干细胞可再生成心肌组织,明显缩小AMI的梗死面积及改善心功能.     

G／GM—CSF体外对骨髓增生异常综合征患者造血祖细胞的作用

对粒细胞集落刺激因子，粒－单细胞集落刺激因子体外在骨髓增生异常综合征患者骨髓造血祖细胞中的作用进行了研究。结果发现ＭＤＳ患者的粒－单系集落形成单位、红系集落形成单位数量明显低于正常人。     

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor: An Adjuvant for Cancer Vaccines

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances immune responses by inducing the proliferation, maturation, and migration of dendritic cells, and the expansion and differentiation of B and T lymphocytes. There is significant data in pre-clinical animal models demonstrating the adjuvant effects of GM-CSF in a variety of cancer vaccine approaches, including cellular vaccines, viral vaccines, peptide and protein vaccines, and DNA vaccines. GM-CSF is an attractive vaccine adjuvant because of its immune modulation effects and low toxicity profile. The results in animal models have been confirmed in pilot clinical trials and several clinical trials are currently ongoing.     

醒脑静联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 探讨醒脑静联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死的疗效。方法 将65例急性脑梗死住院病人随机分为两组，对照组应用醒脑静注射液，治疗组在对照组基础上加用奥扎格雷钠注射液，1个疗程后比较两组临床疗效、神经功能缺损评分和血液流变学的变化。结果 治疗组总有效率为94．3％，明显优于对照组的70．0％（P〈0．05）；治疗后两组神经功能缺损评分、血液流变学各项指标比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论 醒脑静联合奥扎格雷钠能提高脑梗死病人的临床治疗效果。     

Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor receptor expression on human cardiomyocytes from end-stage heart failure patients

BACKGROUND: In remodelling ventricles, the progression of heart failure is associated with structural changes involving the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) and the cytoskeleton of cardiomyocytes, associated with fibrosis, cellular damage and death. The role of some cytokines and haematopoietic growth factors in the mechanism of both damage and regeneration of cardiac tissue during acute myocardial infarction has been demonstrated. Following heart damage, the development of scarred tissue was considered to be the only outcome, since myocytes were considered to be terminally differentiated cells. However, recent studies in animal models and adult human hearts have shown that myocytes can proliferate under the modulation of several factors. AIMS: To assess Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) receptor expression in healthy and diseased human hearts, and to evaluate the possible role of GM-CSF and its receptor in the regeneration of cardiac tissue in chronic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS: GM-CSFR expression in human cardiac tissue from explanted hearts of ten patients with end-stage heart failure and in cardiac biopsies from eight normal human hearts was studied by immunohistochemistry, and cellular and molecular biology assays. Our results demonstrated an increase in GM-CSFR in cardiomyocytes from end-stage heart failure tissues as compared to normal control tissues. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that GM-CSF plays a role in apoptotic and/or ECM deposition processes as well as in cytoskeleton modification in the myocardium.     

急性脑梗死合并尿潴留患者的临床观察

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者发生尿潴留的原因及防治措施。方法回顾分析60例急性脑梗死合并尿潴留的患者的临床资料,并与同期无尿潴留的急性脑梗死患者60例作对比。结果治愈38例,好转16例,无效6例,总有效率为54%。尿潴留与无尿潴留患者预后间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论机体应激反应、排尿高级中枢受损、心理因素、药物副作用、尿道因素是急性脑梗死后发生尿潴留的主要原因。     

扶正通脉胶囊治疗急性期脑梗死51例临床观察

目的观察扶正通脉胶囊治疗急性期脑梗死的临床疗效,并研究其作用机制.方法选择81例符合中医辨证属气虚血瘀、痰阻络痹并经头颅CT确诊为急性期脑梗死的病人,随机分为治疗组(51例)和对照组(30例).治疗组服用扶正通脉胶囊,对照组服用络欣通,连续治疗28 d观察疗效.结果治疗组总有效率94.12%,对照组总有效率93.33%,两组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),但治疗组愈显率(74.51%)明显高于对照组(40.00%,P<0.05).病人神经功能缺损恢复程度及血液流变学指标改善等方面,治疗组均优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01).服药过程中及服药后未见药物不良反应.结论扶正通脉胶囊对气虚血瘀型、痰阻络痹脑梗死急性期具有良好的治疗效果,并能改善血液流变学指标,降低血液黏稠度,改善脑部症状区血液循环,促进受损脑细胞功能恢复,降低病残率,提高生存质量.