HIV感染者/AIDS患者与肿瘤病人T淋巴细胞亚群数量的比较

目的　探讨艾滋病病毒 (HIV)感染者和艾滋病 (AIDS)患者与肿瘤病人CD+4和CD+8T淋巴细胞 (TH 和TS 细胞 )数量的变化并进行比较。方法　用流式细胞仪检测 78例HIV感染者 /AIDS患者和 37例肿瘤病人外周血中TH 和TS 细胞的数量以及计算TH/TS 的比值 ,组间比较采用双侧t检验。结果　HIV感染者 /AIDS患者TH细胞显著减少 ,且下降的幅度大 ,TH<5 0 0 / μl的占 83 3% ,其中 <2 0 0 / μl的占 5 6 4 % ,TH/TS 平均为 0 2 9;肿瘤病人TH 细胞计数也明显降低 ,TH<5 0 0 / μl的占 70 3% ,其中 <2 0 0 / μl的占 18 9% ,TH/TS 平均为 1 2 6。同一水平CD+4T细胞计数所对应的CD+8T细胞数量 ,HIV感染者 /AIDS患者高于肿瘤病人 ;两组病人TS 数量都随TH 数量的升高而增加。HIV感染者 /AIDS患者TH 细胞计数 <肿瘤病人 ,TS 细胞计数 >肿瘤病人 ,HIV感染者 /AIDS患者TH/TS 比值倒置 ,而肿瘤病人TH/TS 比值 >1。结论　HIV感染者 /AIDS患者和肿瘤病人存在不同程度的细胞免疫功能损害 ,T淋巴细胞亚群的检测可作为两者免疫诊断和免疫功能监测的指标之一 ,对于病人的治疗和预后有一定的意义     

中药(XQ-9302)治疗HIV感染者/AIDS患者CD4细胞计数和病毒载量变化的评价

目的　探讨中药 (XQ 930 2 )对艾滋病病毒 (HIV)感染者 /艾滋病 (AIDS)患者的治疗作用。方法　测定XQ 930 2治疗 2 1例HIV感染者 /AIDS患者的CD4细胞计数和病毒载量 ,并与仅进行对症治疗的HIV感染者 /AIDS患者对照组比较。结果　经XQ 930 2治疗后 ,4 2 9%HIV感染者 /AIDS患者的CD4细胞计数上升 >5 1% ,为显效 ;33 3%患者的CD4细胞计数升高 11%～ 5 0 % ,为有效 ,总有效率为 76 2 % ;CD4细胞计数上升 <10 %为无效 ,无效率为 2 3 8%。 5 2 4 %HIV感染者 /AIDS患者的病毒载量下降≥ 1log ,呈显效 ;38 1%的HIV感染者 /AIDS患者病毒载量无变化或下降 <1log ,为有效 ;仅 9 5 %HIV感染者 /AIDS患者病毒载量上升 ,为无效。所有HIV感染者 /AIDS患者的临床症状均获改善。对照组HIV感染者 /AIDS患者病毒载量呈稳定及上升状态 ,临床症状均未获改善 ,呈无效。结论　XQ 930 2对HIV感染者 /AIDS患者的CD4细胞计数上升以及病毒载量下降有效 ,且能改善临床症状。     

广东省HIV/AIDS流行病学研究

目的分析广东省1986～1999年HIV/AIDS流行情况,为广东省艾滋病控制策略提供依据.方法分析全省的艾滋病常规监测、哨点监测及实验室资料.结果广东省1986年发现首例输入性艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者,至1999年11月10日共检出HIV抗体阳性者774例,其中艾滋病(AIDS)病人59例.1990年前发现的HIV感染者为境外人士,1990年首次发现广东省籍HIV感染者,1990～1996年期间广东省籍HIV感染者中77.1%为出境归来人员在境外通过性接触感染;1996年首次从广东省籍静脉吸毒(IDU)者中检出HIV感染者,IDU已成为目前全省HIV传播的主要途径,感染比例为73.3%.HIV-1C亚型为广东省主要流行株.结论广东省HIV/AIDS疫情已进入快速增长期,性乱人群将成为另一个HIV高感染率人群.     

2014年8月全国艾滋病性病疫情及主要防治工作进展

一、艾滋病（AIDS）疫情报告情况截至2014年8月31日,全国报告现存活艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/AIDS病人490 521例,死亡149347例。现存活HIV感染者297 355例,AIDS病人193 166例。本月新发现HIV感染者/AIDS病人9512例。本月新发现HIV感染者／AIDS病人9512例,既往HIV感染者本月转化为AIDS病人2557例。本月报告死亡1799例中,本月死亡857例,既往死亡942例。本月新发现的HIV感染者／AIDS病人中,HIV感染者男女之比为3．6：1,AIDS病人男女之比为3．8：1;15岁以下HIV感染者88例,AIDS病人8例。     

HIV/AIDS患者结核病的预防和治疗研究

目的　调查艾滋病病毒 (HIV) /艾滋病 (AIDS)患者结核菌素纯蛋白衍化物 (PPD)试验反应状况及与免疫系统受损程度的联系 ,并探讨其在HIV/AIDS患者中结核病 (TB)预防和治疗研究的意义。方法　采用前瞻性病例对照研究方法 ,对 2 0 2例健康者及 5 5例经蛋白印迹试验 (WB)确证的HIV感染者和AIDS病人做PPD试验 ,CD4、CD8淋巴细胞计数及分组服药 ,对照观察胸部病变情况。结果　HIV/AIDS患者PPD试验阳性率为 10 0 % ,健康者PPD试验阳性率 2 8 2 % ,差异有非常显著的统计学意义 (χ2 =7 17,P <0 0 1)。 13例CD4细胞计数 <2 0 0 /mm3 的HIV/AIDS病例 ,PPD试验均无反应 (0× 0mm)。当CD4细胞计数升高时 ,其PPD试验反应增强。病例服药组经化学药物预防治疗后 ,其肺部病变异常率为 30 8% ,低于病例对照组的异常率 4 1 7%。结论　HIV/AIDS患者PPD试验阳性率非常显著地低于健康人。对HIV/AIDS患者使用化学药物预防和治疗TB是有效的 ,这为制定相关政策提供了依据     

2014年2月全国艾滋病性病疫情及主要防治工作进展

<正>一、艾滋病(AIDS)疫情报告情况截至2014年2月28日,全国报告现存活艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/AIDS病人448 226例,死亡138 956例。现存活HIV感染者271 624例,AIDS病人176 602例。本月新发现HIV感染者/AIDS病人6473例,既往HIV感染者本月转化为AIDS病人1380例。本月报告死亡1473例中,本月死亡777例,既往死亡696例。本月新发现的HIV感染者/AIDS病人中,     

运城市农村地区HIV感染者/AIDS病人健康状况分析

目的 为了摸清运城市农村地区艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人的健康状况,为今后的关怀、治疗、管理工作提供科学依据.方法 对477例HIV感染者/AIDS病人进行全面健康检查及相关化验检查,观察合并感染情况和治疗效果.结果 477例HIV感染者/AIDS病人中,有1/5的人发生常见机会性感染症状,AIDS病人治疗后白细胞计数、血红蛋白、血小板均高于治疗前(P＜0.05);男女性治疗后CD4 细胞明显高于治疗前(P＜0.01),平均增长37.08%;病人均有不同程度的肝功能损害.HIV合并乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的占2.9%,合并丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)53.5%,同时合并HBV和HCV感染的占1.9%;有心电图改变者占20.3%;HIV/结核菌(TB)双重感染率为2.3%.结论 运城市农村地区HIV感染者/AIDS病人健康状况较好,抗病毒治疗效果良好,今后要积极开展机会性感染或合并感染的预防和治疗.     

2013年5月全国艾滋病性病疫情及主要防治工作进展

一、艾滋病（AIDS）疫情截至2013年5月31日,全国报告现存活艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/AIDS病人411 544例,死亡122136例。现存活HIV感染者255 227例,AIDS病人156 317例。本月新发现HIV感染者/AIDS病人9 291例,既往HIV感染者本年转化为AIDS病人2 487例。     

2014年5月全国艾滋病性病疫情及主要防治工作进展

<正>一、艾滋病(AIDS)疫情报告情况截至2014年5月31日,全国报告现存活艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/AIDS病人469 836例,死亡143 943例。现存活HIV感染者285 171例,AIDS病人184 665例。本月新发现HIV感染者/AIDS病人9509例,既往HIV感染者本月转化为AIDS病人2416例。本月报告死亡1934例中,本月死亡986例,既往死亡948例。本月新发现的HIV感染者/AIDS病人中,     

村卫生所应对艾滋病能力研究

我国艾滋病(AIDS)已进入快速增长期,河南省1995年报告首例艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者,截至目前已经报告HIV感染者3万余例。由于河南省HIV感染者/AIDS病人多以20世纪90年代中期以前非法采血感染,感染时间一致、发病集中、医疗资源匮乏成为农村地区艾滋病的特点。针对这一特点,2004年     

Additional evidence for lack of transmission of HIV infection by close interpersonal (casual) contact

To further study the possibility of transmission of HIV infection by close personal but non-sexual, non-parenteral contact we have continued to enroll and evaluate household contacts of adult patients with AIDS. Two hundred and six household contacts of 90 patients with AIDS were evaluated with detailed interviews, physical examinations, and detection of HIV antibodies and p24 antigen from 1984 to 1987; 118 of these contacts were re-evaluated 6-12 months after cessation of household contact or death of the patient. The median duration of household contact from 18 months prior to symptoms in the AIDS patients to last contact was 23 months (range 3-101 months). The median time elapsed from first contact during this period to the last evaluation was 38 months (range 13-66 months). No household contact had signs or symptoms suggesting HIV infection. All 206 were negative for serum antibodies to HIV and HIV p24 antigen, despite extensive sharing of household facilities and items and personal interactions with AIDS patients. This study continues to show that household members without other risks remain at minimal to no risk for HIV transmission (95% confidence interval, 0-1.44) despite prolonged and substantial close non-sexual contact with AIDS patients, and after re-evaluation at a median of 10.9 months after initial evaluation.     

云南省82例住院儿童HIV/AIDS临床特征分析

目的分析云南省住院儿童HIV/AIDS临床特点。方法回顾性分析云南省艾滋病关爱中心2006年1月—2015年12月收治的HIV/AIDS患儿人口学资料、流行病学资料、临床表现及合并症、实验室检查、临床转归等。结果 82例HIV/AIDS患儿中,男47例,女35例。其中93.90%(77/82)通过母婴传播感染HIV。年龄为6~15岁占75.60%(62/82),1~6岁占20.73%(17/82),1岁以下占3.66%(3/82)。体格生长评价显示,39例(47.56%)患儿的身高或体质量处于下等,所有患儿身高不达标更为常见。免疫功能重度抑制者44例(53.66%),中度抑制者16例(19.51%)。该组患儿常见的临床表现为慢性或反复咳嗽51例(62.19%),持续或反复发热47例(57.32%),贫血43例(52.44%),营养不良40例(48.78%)等。主要机会性感染诊断:细菌性肺炎25例(30.49%),结核24例(29.27%),鹅口疮16例(19.51%),其中38%的患儿合并有2种及2种以上机会性感染。治疗后好转77例,未愈死亡5例。结论云南省住院儿童HIV/AIDS感染途径以母婴传播为主,患儿生长发育明显受限,免疫功能严重损害,临床表现复杂多样,疾病进展及合并感染疾病谱与HIV/AIDS成人患者有异,儿童HIV/AIDS早诊断、早治疗十分重要。     

HIV／AIDS病人与高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染的相关性研究

目的探讨艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病病人（HIV/AIDS病人）与高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的相关性,为HIV/AIDS病人宫颈癌的防治研究提供线索和依据。方法将2009年4月至2010年5月,就诊于广州市第八人民医院的34例HIV/AIDS病人的36次高危型HPV检测结果,与33例非HIV感染者的34次高危型HPV检测结果进行对比分析。结果 HIV/AIDS病人感染高危型HPV的风险远高于非HIV感染者,34例HIV/AIDS病人中,有16例高危型HPV检测为阳性（占47.05%）,33例非HIV感染者中,有5例高危型HPV检测为阳性（占15.15%）,HIV/AIDS病人与非HIV感染者高危型HPV感染的概率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 HIV/AIDS病人感染高危型HPV的风险,可能与其CD4＋T淋巴细胞数、CD4＋/CD8＋比值及AIDS的分期有关。应将HIV阳性妇女视作高危人群,常规进行高危型HPV筛查。     

医务人员高暴露人群严重急性呼吸综合征隐性感染与工作强度和工种的相关性研究

目的　了解密切接触严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)患者的医护人员隐性感染的发生情况 ,及其与工作强度和工种之间的关系。方法　对北京中日友好医院密切接触SARS患者的 112 7名医务人员和 92名对照者的血清进行冠状病毒抗体 (IgG、IgM)酶联免疫吸附测定法 (ELISA)检测。并调查抗体阳性者周围密切接触者 313名的临床表现。结果　 112 7名SARS病区工作的医务人员 :男2 87名 ,女 84 0名 ;年龄 2 1～ 5 5岁 ,平均年龄 (34± 9)岁。对照组和医务人员上岗前所测冠状病毒抗体均为阴性 ,上岗后冠状病毒抗体阳性者共 2 9名 ,阳性率 2 5 7% (2 9/ 112 7)。特异性抗体的阳性率与工种和病区的关系结果提示 :抗体阳性的护士 2 1名 ,抗体阳性率占护士上岗人数的 3 4 6 % (2 1/ 6 0 7) ;医师、医技人员 6名 ,阳性率占其上岗人数的 1 4 1% (6 / 4 2 6 ) ;督导 2名 ,阳性率占其上岗人数的 2 86 %(2 / 70 )。ICU病区的 130名工作人员中抗体阳性者 10名 ,阳性率为 7 6 9% (10 / 130 ) ,占 2 9名抗体阳性者的 34 5 % (10 / 2 9) ;其他病区人员 19名 ,占 6 5 5 % (19/ 2 9)。 2 9名抗体阳性医务人员的周围密切接触者 313名 ,无一名发病或有临床症状。结论　密切接触SARS患者的医护人员有隐性感染的发生 ,隐性感染者从流行病学     

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged infection that is caused by a previously unrecognized virus - a novel coronavirus designated as SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). From November 2002 to July 2003 the cumulative number of worldwide cases was >8000, with a mortality rate of close to 10%. The mortality has been higher in older patients and those with co-morbidities. SARS has been defined using clinical and epidemiological criteria and cases are considered laboratory-confirmed if SARS coronavirus is isolated, if antibody to SARS coronavirus is detected, or a polymerase chain reaction test by appropriate criteria is positive. At the time of writing (24 May 2004), no specific therapy has been recommended. A variety of treatments have been attempted, but there are no controlled data. Most patients have been treated throughout the illness with broad-spectrum antimicrobials, supplemental oxygen, intravenous fluids, and other supportive measures. Transmission of SARS is facilitated by close contact with patients with symptomatic infection. The majority of cases have been reported among healthcare providers and family members of SARS patients. Since SARS-CoV is contagious, measures for prevention center on avoidance of exposure, and infection control strategies for suspected cases and contacts. This includes standard precautions (hand hygiene), contact precautions (gowns, goggles, gloves) and airborne precautions (negative pressure rooms and high efficiency masks). In light of reports of new cases identified during the winter of 2003-4 in China, it seems possible that SARS will be an important cause of pneumonia in the future, and the screening of outpatients at risk for SARS may become part of the pneumonia evaluation.     

120例海洛因依赖者AIDS知识调查结果分析及干预策略

目的了解海洛因依赖者对艾滋病(AIDS)知识的掌握程度。方法对武汉市精神卫生中心自愿戒毒的住院病人120例进行自编问卷调查。结果70％的人静脉注射毒品，其中55．9％共用注射器。在68例有性行为的吸毒者中，50人有性乱行为(73．2％)。72．5％的人不知道AIDS是传染病，75％的人不知道性行为可以传播艾滋病病毒(HIV)／AIDS，72．5％的人不知道共用注射器可以传播HIV／AIDS，75．8％的人不知道血液或血制品可以传播HIV／AIDS，83．3％的人不知道母婴传播HIV／AIDS。结论在有效控制HIV／AIDS的同时，应进行药物滥用的预防。     

An outbreak of tuberculosis caused by multiple-drug-resistant tubercle bacilli among patients with HIV infection.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a nosocomial outbreak of tuberculosis caused by multiple-drug-resistant bacilli among patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection. DESIGN: A case-control study. PATIENTS: Patients with HIV infection and culture-proven tuberculosis. MEASUREMENTS: Patient characteristics, date of diagnoses of HIV infection and disease, date of diagnosis of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility results, and medical center contact. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients who had tuberculosis caused by multiple-drug-resistant bacilli (cases) and 55 patients who had tuberculosis caused by susceptible or single-drug-resistant bacilli (controls) were identified. Controls were more likely to be black (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.9) or Haitian (odds ratio, 0.2; CI, 0.1 to 0.6) compared with cases, who were more likely to be homosexual men (odds ratio, 2.9; CI, 1.3 to 6.4). Forty-four cases (71%) had previous contact with an HIV clinic compared with 15 controls (27%) (P less than 0.0001). Cases were more likely to have had AIDS (odds ratio, 7.7; CI, 1.5 to 53.7), to have been hospitalized on an HIV ward (odds ratio, 8.3; CI, 2.3 to 29.7), to have been seen in an HIV clinic (odds ratio, 7.8; CI, 3.4 to 18.1), to have received intravenous therapy in an HIV clinic (odds ratio, 13.0; CI, 4.6 to 37.0), or to have received inhalation pentamidine in an HIV clinic before a diagnosis of tuberculosis was made. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a diagnosis of AIDS (odds ratio, 11.2; CI, 3.1 to 40.6) and HIV clinic visits (odds ratio, 13.0; CI, 2.7 to 63.7) before a diagnosis of tuberculosis were significantly associated with tuberculosis caused by multiple-drug-resistant bacilli. Using susceptibility patterns and appointment dates, we found that 22 cases had previous contact with a person who had tuberculosis caused by multiple-drug-resistant bacilli in the HIV clinic. CONCLUSIONS: Nosocomial transmission of M. tuberculosis from other HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis caused by multiple-drug-resistant bacilli can occur. These findings have serious public health implications and demand strict adherence to acid-fast bacilli isolation precautions.     

柳州市HIV感染者/AIDS病人中“查无此人”情况分析

目的分析柳州市艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人中"查无此人"情况,了解导致出现"查无此人"的原因及探索解决办法。方法分析材料来源于《全国艾滋病综合防治信息系统》,截至2010年底,所有随访状态为"查无此人"病例的数据资料。采用SPSS 13.0对数据进行统计分析。结果柳州市累计报告的病例中,2 500例随访状态为"查无此人",其中HIV感染者2 322例,AIDS病人178例。多为姓名、身份证号码、联系方式、职业、民族、文化程度等多项记录不准确或缺失。主要报告来源是疾病预防控制中心,占70.08%;感染途径以不详为主,占41.40%;其次是注射毒品和异性传播,分别占37.08%和18.88%。结论 "查无此人"由多种原因造成,应采取针对性措施,逐步摸清这些病例的真实情况。     

Suspected SARS patients hospitalised in French isolation units during the early SARS epidemic: the French experience

During the SARS epidemic, many patients were screened according to WHO criteria but never went on to develop SARS. In May 2003, early in the epidemic, we conducted a retrospective study to describe suspected SARS patients hospitalised in France and compared them with documented cases of patients with SARS to evaluate the screening strategy. A total of 117 patients were studied. Only 3.4% had been in close contact with a SARS patient but 73.5% came from an affected area. 67.5% had fever and respiratory symptoms on their admission to hospital. 49.6% had fever and non specific symptoms. Clinical symptoms that were significantly more common among patients with SARS were fever, myalgia, dyspnoea, and nausea or vomiting. Presumed viral fever and respiratory tract infection were the most common diagnosis. Symptoms cannot be distinguished from an early stage of SARS confirming the usefulness of the WHO case definitions in isolation decision to avoid further transmission.