连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗重症颅脑疾病并高钠血症一例

患者，男，77岁。2003年12月10日因突发昏迷并致头部外伤半小时入院。短暂意识转清后又陷人深昏迷。BP170／90mmHg，生理、病理反射均消失，GCS评分3分．电解质正常，CT示双侧额叶及蛛网膜下腔出血，左侧颞顶硬膜下出血(56m1)。诊断：急性出血性脑血管病并颅脑损伤。立即行“颅内血肿清除 去骨瓣减压 右额板钻孔引流术”。     

连续性静脉静脉血液滤过治疗海洛因中毒及横纹肌溶解致急性肾衰竭1例

横纹肌溶解（rhabdomyolysis，RM）是指在创伤、缺血、代谢异常、药物和毒素作用下肌纤维坏死崩解，细胞内容物释放人血引起的一组临床综合征。严重的RM可导致急性肾衰竭（acuterenal failure，ARF），预后恶劣。我科使用连续性静脉静脉血液滤过（continuous venovenous hemofiltration，CVVH）成功抢救海洛因中毒、RM致ARF1例，报道如下。     

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过串联血液灌流治疗多器官功能障碍综合征

多器官功能障碍综合征(muhiple organ dysfunction syndrome，MODS)是严重感染、创伤、休克或中毒等因素诱发后，同时或序贯出现两个或两个以上器官系统功能障碍的综合征。随着医学科学的发展，单个脏器衰竭的治愈率普遍得到了提高，MODS对人类健康的威胁便日益显露，已经是危重病患者死亡的重要原因之一。文献报道合并两个脏器功能障碍的死亡率达50％～60％，4个或4个以上的死亡率几乎达100％，因而治疗MODS的最好方法就是预防，而预防应从其可能的发病机制和病理生理变化等方面着手。     

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗妊娠合并急性肾衰竭临床分析

目的观察连续性静脉－静脉血液滤过（CVVH）治疗妊娠合并急性肾衰竭的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析26例妊娠合并急性肾衰竭患者采用CVVH治疗的资料,每例患者治疗30～89h,平均48h,滤过器采用AN69,AV600S,血流量100～150ml／min,置换液流量1500－2500ml／h,采用前稀释法。结果26例患者中,23例存活,3例转为慢性肾衰竭,治疗后血尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸明显下降,死亡3例。人工流产术4例,22例均适时终止妊娠,16例剖宫产,6例阴道分娩;胎儿存活18例。结论CVVH治疗妊娠合并急性肾衰竭安全、有效,值得推广。     

连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过对尿毒症脑病的疗效观察

目的:探讨连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)合并尿毒症脑病(UE)患者的血液动力学、电解质、溶质清除方面的影响,并评价其治疗效果。方法:30例次CRF并发UE的患者,接受CVVH治疗。观察治疗前和治疗中、治疗后患者的心率、平均动脉压(MAP)以及意识情况和患者的APACHEⅡ评分、Glasgow评分;测定治疗前、后的肾功能、电解质及血浆渗透压。结果:(1)CVVH治疗前后MAP、心率及渗透压变化无统计学差异(P>0.05);(2)CVVH治疗后意识明显改善,尿毒症症状明显缓解;(3)CVVH治疗后患者APACHEⅡ评分较治疗前有明显降低的趋势,Glasgow评分明显好转(P<0.05);(4)CVVH治疗后BUN、Scr清除好,电解质、酸碱紊乱得以纠正(P<0.05)。结论:CVVH具有稳定的血流动力学,缓慢、持续、稳定清除尿毒症毒素和纠正电解质和酸碱失衡,对心血管系统和血脑屏障的干扰小,病人的耐受性好,有助于尿毒症脑病的治疗。     

连续性静脉—静脉血液滤过治疗多器官功能障碍综合征的临床应用

多器官功能障碍 (ＭＯＤＳ)是危重病之一 ,一旦出现肾衰竭预后更差。低血压 ,感染性休克 ,并发大出血的肾衰竭患者 ,是传统血液透析治疗的相对禁忌症。自 2 0世纪 70年代新开展的连续性肾替代疗法 ,在多脏器功能障碍的治疗中已越来越多的使用。我院自 1998年用连续性静脉—静脉血液滤过 (ＣＶＶＨ)治疗ＭＯＤＳ 7例 ,现报告其疗效如下。资料与方法1　一般资料　男 5例 ,女 2例 ;年龄 2 1岁～ 6 3岁 ,平均年龄 (4 6 .5± 8.3)岁。原发病肾病综合症 2例 ,狼疮性肾炎 1例 ,风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄并心功能Ⅳ级 1例 ,鱼胆中毒 1例 ,重症急性胰腺…     

重症急性胰腺炎患者连续性血液滤过治疗的效果及护理

目的探讨连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过（CVVH）治疗重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者的临床效果及护理方法。方法对21例SAP患者在给予综合治疗的基础上行CVVH治疗,并配合治疗前做好心理护理及常规准备,治疗中建立有效的血管通路、充分抗凝、密切观察病情变化、及时处理仪器报警、维持循环稳定、正确输入置换液、严格无菌操作、预防感染等护理措施。结果21例患者中16例痊愈出院;治疗后患者APACHEⅡ评分显著降低、血清生化指标明显改善（均P〈0．05）。结论在综合治疗的基础上应用CVVH治疗SAP,可有效改善患者临床症状,提高治疗效果;科学有效的护理配合是治疗成功的保证。     

重症急性胰腺炎患者连续性血液滤过治疗的效果及护理

目的探讨连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者的临床效果及护理方法。方法对21例SAP患者在给予综合治疗的基础上行CVVH治疗,并配合治疗前做好心理护理及常规准备,治疗中建立有效的血管通路、充分抗凝、密切观察病情变化、及时处理仪器报警、维持循环稳定、正确输入置换液、严格无菌操作、预防感染等护理措施。结果21例患者中16例痊愈出院;治疗后患者APACHEⅡ评分显著降低、血清生化指标明显改善(均P0.05)。结论在综合治疗的基础上应用CVVH治疗SAP,可有效改善患者临床症状,提高治疗效果;科学有效的护理配合是治疗成功的保证。     

连续性血液滤过治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的护理

对25例急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者在积极治疗原发病、机械通气、抗感染、激素治疗及营养支持的基础上予以连续性血液滤过(CVVH)治疗.结果 存活16倒,其中10例痊愈出院,6例好转转出ICU;存活者心率、血压、血气分析均较治疗前显著好转(均P＜0.05).因原发病极其严重,并存多个脏器衰竭不能逆转而死亡7例;放弃治疗2例.提示在常规治疗的基础上应用CVVH治疗,可有效改善患者的临床症状,提高ARDS的治疗效果.做好CVVH监测与护理,包括保持血管路通畅、保证抗凝效果、及时处理低动脉压报警,严密观察病情,预防感染,加强营养支持,才能保证治疗效果.     

连续性静脉－静脉血液滤过治疗尿毒症并发高钾血症及严重心律失常一例

患者为高龄男性,尿毒症,长期血透,因胸痛3 h入院.体查:血压77～90/40～65 mm Hg,心律波动于30～200次/min,肌钙蛋白1+,心肌酶谱有动态变化.心电图示Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞与心动过速交替.     

Continuous venovenous hemofiltration after cardiac surgery. A retrospective study in 16 patients with multiple organ failure]

As intermittent haemodialysis in critically ill patients is often associated with circulatory instability and hypotension, pumped continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH) has been proposed as an alternative. This technique was used postoperatively in 16 cardiac surgery patients with cardiogenic shock (cardiac index < 2.2 l.min-1.m-2), anuria and multiple organ failure. A mean haemofiltration rate of 0.5 to 1 l.h-1 was used. Average length of treatment was 57 +/- 38 h. Two patients were improved and weaned from CVVH after 96 and 144 h respectively. The other fourteen died. A mean 200 +/- 50 ml of liquid were removed every hour. The technique was well tolerated by the cardiovascular system. The systolic arterial pressure, heart rate and cardiac index remained unchanged. Body weight had decreased by 3 +/- 1 kg after 48 h of use. Similarly, serum creatinine concentration was lowered from 337 +/- 32 mmol.l-1 to 252 +/- 27 mmol.l-1 (p < 0.001). At that time, urea and creatinine clearances were 18 +/- 2 ml.min-1, and 15 +/- 1 ml.min-1 respectively. After 24 h of CVVH, both serum sodium and potassium concentrations had been decreased, from 148 +/- 3 mmol.l-1 to 142 +/- 2 mmol.l-1 (p < 0.001), and from 5.7 +/- 0.3 to 4.2 +/- 0.15 mmol.l-1 (p < 0.001) respectively. In addition, pH increased significantly from 7.13 +/- 0.1 to 7.30 +/- 0.04 (p < 0.001). These results were comparable with these of other authors regarding safety and efficiency of CVVH. The low patient survival rate (12.5%) was due to the severity of cardiac impairment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration in acute renal failure

This extensive review describes the settings for continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) and attempts to compare it to traditional dialysis therapies for acute renal failure. In addition hemodynamic stability, membrane biocompatibility, nutrition, fluid and solute removal, operational characteristics, anticoagulation, replacement solutions, drug removal, complications, and trouble shooting during CAVH are all discussed in detail. The cost of CAVH v dialysis is equal. CAVH is probably the renal replacement therapy of choice for hemodynamically unstable patients with acute renal failure and contraindications to peritoneal dialysis.     

Postinjury multiple organ failure

Postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF) became prevalent as the improvements in critical care during the 1970s made it possible to keep trauma patients alive with single organ injury. Enormous efforts invested in laboratory and clinical research made it possible to better understand the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the syndrome. This has translated to improved strategies in prediction, prevention and treatment of MOF. With changes in population demographics and injury mechanisms and improvements in trauma care, changes in the epidemiology of MOF are also becoming evident. Significant improvements in trauma patient management decreased the severity and mortality of MOF, but the syndrome still remains the most significant contributor of late postinjury mortality and intensive care unit resource utilisation.This review defines the essential MOF-related terminology, summarises the changing epidemiology of MOF, describes our current understanding of the pathophysiology, discusses the available strategies for prevention/treatment based on the identified independent predictors and provides future directions for research.     

连续性血液净化治疗多脏器功能衰竭九例临床观察

目的 探讨连续性血液净化对多脏器功能衰竭的抢救与治疗.方法 在常规治疗基础上给予连续性血液净化治疗.结果 治疗前、后血肌酐、谷丙转氨酶、肌酸磷酸激酶比较差异有学意义(P均<0.05).结论 连续性血液净化治疗对多脏器功能衰竭的抢救有重要作用.     

连续性血液净化治疗多脏器功能衰竭九例临床观察

目的 探讨连续性血液净化对多脏器功能衰竭的抢救与治疗.方法 在常规治疗基础上给予连续性血液净化治疗.结果 治疗前、后血肌酐、谷丙转氨酶、肌酸磷酸激酶比较差异有学意义(P均<0.05).结论 连续性血液净化治疗对多脏器功能衰竭的抢救有重要作用.     

Sepsis and multiple organ failure

Sepsis is a heterogeneous disease process. Individuals with severe sepsis frequently develop organ dysfunction and often require admission to critical care. The sepsis syndrome is generated by a complex interaction of pathogen and host inflammatory response. Progress has been made in recent years in understanding the highly complex nature of the host response in sepsis. Prompt recognition of the sepsis syndrome, aggressive resuscitation, source control and early antibiotic therapy are key steps in treating severe sepsis and ameliorating the multiple organ dysfunction which frequently complicates it.