CT冠状扫描在诊断鼻骨骨折中的作用

在鼻面部外伤中 ,疑有鼻骨骨折 ,一般行鼻骨侧位投照 ,在实际工作中 ,有些鼻骨骨折上述方法并不能明确诊断 ,给临床诊治带来了很多问题 ,在临床实践中 ,应用鼻骨冠状扫描对确诊鼻骨骨折有重要作用。1　材料与方法选取Ｘ线拍片及ＣＴ横断扫描未见异常的鼻外伤病人 12例。再行ＣＴ冠状扫描 ,病人俯卧取顶颌位 ,扫描基线与鼻骨纵轴一致间隔 5ｍｍ。2　结果12例病人经用上述方法扫描 ,其中 6例有鼻骨骨折 ,均为左侧 ,3例骨折线位于鼻尖 (前 )部 ,2例为鼻根部 ,骨折线均清附图　左侧鼻骨下 (尖 )可见一斜形骨折线晰可见 ,1例粉碎骨折。3　讨论鼻…     

用1mm焦点作鼻骨放大摄影的价值研究

鼻骨骨折是五官科急诊的常见病,平片误诊漏 诊时有发生,影响及时有效的治疗和预后的改善。笔 者用lmm焦点X线机改良后进行鼻骨放大摄影, 解决了此难题,提高了临床诊断准确性。 1 研究方法 1.1 研究对象的选择:自 1990-06～1992-06,对100例鼻部外伤患者,摄鼻骨平片及放大摄片检查,前后对比进行诊断。1.2 X线放大摄影方法:我们应用 lmm装置的400mA普通X线机进行摄片检查。平片用X线管焦点为2.0mm.靶一片距离为5cm。放大摄影用x线     

鼻骨骨折的X线平片与CT检查的对比分析（附19例报告）

我院自2004年3月份以来对19例外伤患者进行鼻骨X线双侧位片加CT扫描检查，证实鼻骨平片X线诊断，明确X线平片所不能发现的骨折，从而提高鼻骨骨折诊断准确率，为临床治疗提供可靠依据。     

鼻骨细微解剖结构和鼻骨骨折的高分辨率CT研究

目的 探讨易与骨折混淆的鼻骨正常细微解剖结构及其高分辨率CT(HRCT)表现，提高鼻骨骨折诊断的准确性。方法 对60例正常志愿者及30例鼻骨骨折病人全部行鼻区HRCT横轴面及冠状面扫描。观察正常鼻区细微结构，并与外伤组骨折患者进行对比分析，总结2者在影像上的区别。结果 由3位高年资放射科医生对60例正常组进行盲法观察：54例诊断为正常，3例可疑骨折(鼻骨孔1例，鼻骨外侧缘末端明显内凹2例)，3例误诊骨折(鼻骨变异2例，缝间骨1例)。(1)易与骨折混淆的鼻区正常结构有鼻骨缝、鼻骨孔、缝间骨及鼻骨正常变异。(2)横轴面观察正常鼻颌缝表现为膨大57例，咬合39例，缝间骨31例，及薄鼻骨16例，骨折线无此特征形态。(3)鼻骨外侧缘末端过度凹陷或平直(与鼻骨的发育有关)，冠状面扫描鼻骨末端呈内勾状，左、右共25例，外翘状左、右共8例，易被误诊为骨折。30例鼻骨骨折患者中，累及鼻骨中下段28例。冠状面可见鼻骨中下段明确骨折线24例，横轴面鼻骨下段鼻骨压迹处骨质明显成角19例，无明显骨折征象5例。横轴面示鼻颌缝错位、成角22例，冠状面示患侧鼻骨内移14例，外移3例，5例未见明确移位改变。结论 鼻骨骨折在面部外伤中常见，在日常工作中以下几点应引起重视：认识鼻骨正常结构及正常变异；采用HRCT的扫描方法；结合横轴面和冠状面扫描可以相互补充、验证。     

鼻骨骨折的X线、CT检查技术

鼻骨骨质较薄 ,从鼻尖至鼻根骨质又逐渐增多 ,在颜面部外伤时 ,鼻骨易发生骨折[1] 。在实际工作中 ,对于鼻梁完整的鼻区骨折 ,常易漏诊。经多年探索 ,我科自 80年代初开始普遍采用双侧侧位投照法诊断鼻骨骨折 ,其效果优于单一一侧侧位法。但Ｘ线平片对鼻骨周围器官的血肿、积脓及碎骨片 ,由于重叠显示不清 ,很易漏诊。因此 ,Ｘ线平片加ＣＴ扫描很有必要。现将我院自 2 0 0 0 -0 1以来 ,对 2 6例鼻骨骨折病人行Ｘ线平片加ＣＴ扫描检查 ,结果报告如下。1　材料与方法我院自 2 0 0 0 -0 1以来 ,鼻骨骨折的病人同时作Ｘ线平片及ＣＴ检查共 2 6例…     

直接数字化X线摄影在鼻骨摄影中的应用

目的探讨直接数字化X线摄影（direct digitized radiography，DDR）在鼻骨摄影中的应用价值。方法对100例DDR鼻骨侧位影像采用图像后处理方法中多级图像对比增益法，又称“交响乐”功能（muhi-scale image contrast amplification，MUSICA）、影像切割与局部放大等功能进行后处理，同时数字随机法对其中30例行普通X线摄影。由放射科经验丰富的医、技师各2名对所有鼻骨影像进行分析，评价其对鼻骨骨折、鼻骨整体及鼻周软组织的显示。结果100例DDR鼻骨影像中，诊断骨折46例，鼻骨整体及鼻周软组织显示满意的分别为95和92例；对照组30例DDR鼻骨影像发现骨折18例，X线片发现骨折11例，漏诊7例（x^2=5，14，P〈0，05），30例DDR影像中，鼻骨整体及鼻周软组织显示满意的均为28例；普通X线片两者显示满意的分别为6例（x^2=20．05，P〈0．05）和10例（x^2=15．06，P〈0．05）。结论DDR影像比普通X线影像能更好的显示鼻骨和鼻周软组织，提高鼻骨骨折的检出率。     

侧卧位头后仰鼻骨冠状位CT扫描方法

鼻骨骨折是面部外伤中常见的骨折类型。CT扫描检查可以清楚显示鼻区解剖结构 ,尤其是鼻骨冠状位扫描可以显示断端左右移位情况 ,但在行冠状位扫描时常因患者配合困难而无法进行检查。笔者通过研究发现一种鼻骨冠状位CT扫描新方法———侧卧位头后仰鼻骨冠状位CT扫描法 ,能克服常规鼻骨冠状位CT扫描的缺点而获得满意的鼻骨冠状位图像。1　材料与方法采用西门子SOMATOMARC全身CT机对 8例鼻骨轴位扫描疑有鼻骨骨折但无法进行常规冠状位扫描的患者行侧卧位头后仰鼻骨冠状位扫描。 8例中男 5例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 15～ 68岁 ,平均 2 8.4岁。…     

鼻骨及骨旁骨骨折的CT诊断价值

目的 着重探讨鼻骨及鼻旁骨骨折的CT诊断价值及部分相关诊断标准。方法 总结5例标本、4例正常人及40例经CT扫描的鼻部外伤患者，并详细分析CT表现，均经轴位加冠状位扫描。结果 (1)根据5例标本、4例正常人的鼻部CT扫描，清晰显示正常解剖关系；(2)40例鼻部骨折患者中：单纯鼻旁骨骨折5例，其中上颌骨额突骨折3例、复合鼻旁骨骨折2例；鼻骨骨折35例、单侧24例、双侧11例，累及或伴发上颌骨额突骨折28例，泪骨骨折16例，额骨鼻突骨折12例，眼眶骨折10例，骨缝骨折5例；其中骨折伴有错位27例，鼻骨或鼻旁骨粉碎性骨折21例，骨性鼻中隔骨折6例。结论 CT对鼻骨及鼻旁骨骨折的诊断具有重要临床价值。     

鼻骨骨折的影像诊断技术

在临床工作中，鼻骨骨折常发生在颜面部外伤时，对于鼻梁骨折，X线平片即可确诊，而对于鼻梁完整的鼻区骨折，X线平片常易漏诊^[1-4]。因此，怀疑鼻区骨折而X线平片未发现明确骨折X线征象的，进行CT扫描可清楚显示鼻区结构情况，从而避免鼻区骨折的漏^[3、4]。现将我院1995—2003年期间，对32例鼻骨骨折病人行X线平片 CT扫描检查，结果报告如下。     

钼靶X线放大摄影诊断鼻骨骨折

鼻骨骨折最常见于头面部外伤患者 ,以往诊断常规采用普通Ｘ线机摄鼻骨侧位及轴位片 ,由于鼻骨的形态结构特殊、周围组织结构复杂的解剖特点 ,致使部分鼻骨骨折的诊断较为困难 ,漏诊或误诊情况时有发生。我院自 1998年以来 ,开展鼻骨钼靶放大Ｘ线摄影 ,可以清晰显示鼻骨的细微结     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.