冠状动脉造影术与支架置入术对血小板聚集率影响的研究

目的探讨冠状动脉造影与支架置入术对腺苷二磷酸(ADP)诱导的血小板聚集率的影响。方法前瞻性纳入2012年5月1日至2013年4月30日中国医学科学院阜外医院冠心病患者343例,术前至少7 d连续服用阿司匹林100 mg,每日1次;氯吡格雷75 mg,每日1次。根据支架置入情况分为单纯冠状动脉造影组(造影组,173例)和支架置入组(170例)。患者在接受冠状动脉介入操作之前及之后24 h内,分别采集空腹血样本,用光学比浊法测定血小板聚集率,比较两组患者术前、术后血小板聚集率的变化,支架置入组有66例患者自愿参加血小板聚集率复测亚组分析。结果两组患者术前、术后血小板聚集率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);造影组患者术前、术后血小板聚集率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.062),而支架置入组患者术后血小板聚集率显著高于术前[(55.59±10.47)%比(52.47±11.97)%,P0.001],差异有统计学意义;支架置入组患者术后血小板聚集率增加大于造影组[(3.12±8.31)%比(1.06±7.40)%,P=0.010],差异有统计学意义。随着患者支架置入数量的增加,术后血小板聚集率呈递增趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。支架置入组血小板聚集率复测亚组患者(66例)术后30 d血小板聚集率显著低于术后24 h[(54.71±11.64)%比(56.68±10.21)%,P=0.019],且与术前基线值比较,差异无统计学意义[(54.71±11.64)%比(54.26±12.23)%,P=0.901]。结论冠状动脉支架置入操作可导致术后血小板活性升高,该作用可在术后30 d内消失,而单纯冠状动脉造影则无此影响。     

冠心病患者行经皮冠状动脉内支架植入术前后C-反应蛋白的变化

为观察炎症因子C 反应蛋白在经皮冠状动脉内支架植入术前后的变化 ,探讨C 反应蛋白在急性冠状动脉综合征的意义 ,我们回顾性分析了 10 5例行冠状动脉内支架植入术患者及同期 2 4 2例行冠状动脉造影患者的资料 ;利用散射比浊法测量其术前术后C 反应蛋白。结果发现 ,行经皮冠状动脉内支架植入术的患者术后C 反应蛋白明显高于术前 (6 .7± 0 .5比 17.6± 1.0 ,P <0 .0 1) ,而冠状动脉造影组术前术后C 反应蛋白则无明显变化 (3.5±0 .7比 3.6± 0 .8,P >0 .0 5 )。因此 ,C 反应蛋白作为炎症的反应蛋白 ,在经皮冠状动脉内支架植入术后明显升高 ,可能与冠状动脉内支架术治疗后斑块撕裂、内皮损伤以及局部血管炎症有关 ,推测C 反应蛋白升高是急性冠状动脉综合征的一个表现。     

国产和进口氯吡格雷对经皮冠状动脉介入术后血小板功能的影响

目的观察国产氯吡格雷和进口氯吡格雷对冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后血小板功能的影响。方法将450例冠心病患者随机分为2组,其中国产氯吡格雷组230例,进口氯吡格雷组220例。另选健康对照组220例。两治疗组分别于PCI术前3天开始服用氯吡格雷,服用氯吡格雷前、PCI术前、术后10min及PCI术后1周检查血小板聚集率及血小板活化指标。结果冠心病患者血小板聚集率及血小板活化状态较健康对照组明显增高。治疗前国产和进口氯吡格雷组的血小板聚集率及血小板活化指标差异无统计学意义。两治疗组PCI术后10min血小板聚集率及血小板活化状态均较术前明显增高,PCI术后1周两治疗组之间差异无统计学意义。结论PCI术后血小板聚集率及血小板活化状态明显增高,国产和进口氯吡格雷均有良好的抗血小板作用,两者抗血小板聚集和活化的作用相似。     

支架术后患者非心脏手术的围术期抗血小板治疗

目前越来越多的患者接受冠状动脉造影及冠脉支架植入术,冠状动脉支架术后双重抗血小板治疗成为冠心病支架术后防止血栓形成及再发心肌梗死的重要手段,但支架植入术后非心脏手术及侵入性操作会增加血栓形成的风险,医生不得不面临术前停用双重抗血小板治疗避免出血及围术期血栓形成的两难境地.基于此,既往回顾性的研究表明停用抗血小板治疗产生...     

替格瑞洛与氯吡格雷对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血清IL-8和血小板聚集率的影响

目的研究P2Y12受体拮抗剂替格瑞洛和氯吡格雷对经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者血清白细胞介素(IL)-8和血小板聚集率影响。方法将行PCI治疗的NSTEMI患者分为替格瑞洛组和氯吡格雷组,检测PCI术前和术后两组血清IL-8含量和血小板聚集率。结果 PCI后两组IL-8和血小板聚集率均较PCI前显著降低(P0.05);与氯吡格雷组比较,替格瑞洛组PCI术后7、14 d血清IL-8及术后24 h、7、14 d血小板聚集率明显降低(P0.05)。结论替格瑞洛抗炎和抗血小板作用更加明显,从而更利于PCI NSTEMI患者预后。     

冠状动脉介入治疗后肌钙蛋白升高与斑块成份及血小板功能的关系

目的:探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)后肌钙蛋白(cTnT)升高的预测因素。方法:80例行PCI的患者,按照术后cTnT水平分为2组:第1组:术后cTnT超过正常值2倍;第2组:术后cTnT水平低于正常值2倍。以血管内超声虚拟组织成像检测冠状动脉斑块各种成分的比例,并测定血小板聚集率。结果:第1组患者不稳定斑块数量较多,斑块中坏死核心比例[(20.88±8.04)%∶(15.31±5.48)%,P<0.05]、血小板聚集率[(51.47±12.72)%∶(44.78±13.29)%,P<0.05]、所置入支架长度均显著大于第2组。PCI术后24h血清cTnT水平与冠状动脉斑块中坏死成分比例呈显著正相关。结论:PCI术后cTnT升高的预测因素有斑块中坏死成分比例、血小板聚集率和所植入支架长度。     

非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后强化抗血小板治疗临床效果

目的 观察非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后应用不同剂量的氯吡格雷疗效和安全性.方法 共入选急性非ST段抬高型冠状动脉综合征行PCI术的患者506例,计算机简单随机法分为标准组、强化组.标准组入院后给予氯吡格雷300 mg顿服,后予75 mg/d维持;强化组入院后给予300 mg顿服,后予150 mg/d口服至PCI术后5d,后75 mg/d维持.所有患者均于入院、顿服氯吡格雷300 mg后24 h、术前及术后5d行ADP诱导的血小板聚集率(PA)检查.于入院及术后5d行血常规检查,观察血小板变化,并随访术后30 d主要心血管事件和出血事件的发生情况.结果 强化组术前及术后5d的PA明显下降,强化组术前及术后5d的PA(％)较标准组明显减低,差异具有统计学意义(t=18.3929,P＜0.05;t=13.1384,P＜0.005).强化组与标准组比较30 d主要心血管事件有减低趋势,但未见有统计学意义.两组TIMI出血事件未见有明显差异.结论 强化抗血小板治疗可以明显抑制血小板聚集率,同时出血风险未见明显增加,是安全可行的.     

CYP2C19基因不同代谢速度对冠心病患者PCI治疗后抗血小板治疗方案及预后的影响

目的分析CYP2C19基因不同代谢速度对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗后抗血小板治疗方案及预后的影响。方法选取2015年3月至2017年3月沧州中西医结合医院108例行PCI治疗的冠心病患者,PCI治疗后对其进行CYP2C19基因检测,包括中慢代谢患者60例,将其分为A组(30例)给予氯吡格雷75 mg/d,B组(30例)给予替格瑞洛90 mg,2次/d;快代谢患者48例为C组,给予氯吡格雷150 mg/d。比较3组患者行PCI治疗前后血小板聚集率与不良反应的发生情况。结果B组患者术后血小板聚集率明显低于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组患者与C组血小板聚集率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组患者出血发生率明显低于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组患者不良反应发生率与C组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CYP2C19基因不同代谢速度的冠心病患者PCI治疗后给予不同剂量的氯吡格雷进行常规治疗的疗效并无明显差异,但替格瑞洛能够有效减轻血小板聚集率,有效降低不良反应发生率,且不会增加出血的发生率。     

停用氯吡格雷对冠状动脉支架术患者血小板功能的影响

目的:观察经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)患者停用氯吡格雷是否导致血小板功能反跳、不同氯吡格雷停用方案对血小板聚集率及血小板CD62P的影响。方法:103例已服用氯吡格雷近1年,且即将停用的PCI术后患者,随机接受两种不同氯吡格雷停用方案:A组(52例)直接停药;B组(51例)在3个月内逐渐停用氯吡格雷。在服药前、停药前1周、停用后1周及停用后1个月时评价血小板聚集率及血小板CD62P的变化。结果:无论直接停用还是逐渐停用氯吡格雷,血小板聚集率在停药1周后较服药前增加,差异具有显著性(P0.05),但逐渐停用患者在停药1周时血小板聚集率即恢复至服药前水平,而直接停用患者在停药1个月时才恢复至停药前水平,两组患者均未观察到血小板CD62P的反跳。结论:停用氯吡格雷1周后,患者血小板聚集率一过性增加,但血小板功能CD62P无显著性变化。     

冠状动脉带膜支架的疗效

目的:观察冠状动脉带膜支架的疗效.方法:冠状动脉带膜支架术13例,包括冠状动脉穿孔11例及冠状动脉瘤2例,观察即刻临床效果.术后双联抗血小板治疗至少1年,随访急性心肌梗死、死亡等主要心血管事件,并复查冠状动脉造影,分析支架内再狭窄及支架内血栓形成发生率.结果:11例冠状动脉穿孔的患者行带膜支架术后,10例即刻造影显示无明显造影剂外渗,临床症状缓解;1例造影仍提示造影剂大量外渗,紧急外科手术,最终死亡.2例冠状动脉瘤的患者行带膜支架术后,造影显示瘤体基本不显影.术后随访1年,未出现急性心肌梗死、死亡等主要心血管事件,6～12个月复查冠状动脉造影,发现1例支架内再狭窄,6例支架处内膜增生,未见支架内血栓形成.结论:带膜支架能有效地处理冠状动脉严重穿孔及部分冠状动脉瘤病变,即刻及近期效果良好.     

老年下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的腔内介入治疗疗效评估

目的 探讨介入治疗在老年下肢动脉闭塞性疾病中的临床应用价值.方法 评估287例老年下肢动脉闭塞性疾病行腔内血管成形术（PTA）及选择性血管内支架置入术后的临床疗效.结果 介入治疗成功率96%,临床表现好转率83%,血管再通率为96%,踝/肱指数由0.19～0.63,平均（0.44±0.15）,上升为0.46～0.93,平均（0.71±0.22）.结论 应用PTA及选择性支架置人为主的综合介入治疗是治疗老年下肢动脉闭塞性疾病有效的治疗方法,但需严格掌握其适应证.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for restenosis following Palmaz-Schatz stenting: larger size balloons are more effective?]

Intracoronary stenting reduces the restenosis rate after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). However, restenosis still occurs in 20% to 30% of patients after stenting. Management of in-stent restenosis has become a significant challenge in interventional cardiology. The efficacy of re-PTCA with a larger balloon was investigated for restenosis following Palmaz-Schatz stenting. Clinical and angiographic results were compared in 46 consecutive patients with in-stent restenosis after one Palmaz-Schatz stenting. Twenty patients underwent redilation with a slightly larger balloon than used at the stenting (Large group) and 26 underwent redilation with the same size balloon as at the stenting (Control group). The clinical factors, lesion characteristics, lesion length, reference diameter and minimal luminal diameter at re-PTCA for the in-stent restenosis did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Minimal luminal diameter of the Large group after re-PTCA was significantly larger than that of the Control group (3.1 +/- 0.2 vs 2.9 +/- 1.2 mm, p < 0.05). Follow-up angiography showed that the minimal luminal diameter of the Large group was significantly larger (2.1 +/- 0.6 vs 1.7 +/- 0.6 mm, p < 0.05) and the re-restenosis rate of Large group tended to be lower than that of the Control group (15% vs 38%, p = 0.07). Re-PTCA for in-stent restenosis with a slightly larger balloon than used at the stenting reduces the re-restenosis rate.     

急性心肌梗死恢复期介入治疗对QT离散度的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)恢复期(2～4周)介入治疗对QT离散度(QTd)的影响。方法选定76例AMI恢复期患者,对照分析行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)及冠状动脉内支架置入术术前1d和术后1h的标准12导联同步心电图,测量QTd及校正的QT离散度(QTcd),并与53例同期行冠状动脉造影结果正常者(对照组)进行比较。结果AMI组介入治疗术前最大QT间期(QTmax)、最大校正QT间期(QTcmax)、QTd及QTcd均较对照组明显增大,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);介入手术后QTmax、QTcmax、QTd及QTcd比术前明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。而单独进行冠脉造影对QT离散度无明显影响。结论AMI患者QTd和QTcd明显高于正常人,而AMI恢复期介入治疗可使QTd和QTcd显著降低,从而降低急性心肌梗死后恶性心律失常和心源性猝死的发生率,改善AMI患者的预后。     

Differences in TIMI frame count following successful reperfusion with stenting or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction

The Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade achieved in the infarct-related artery (IRA) during reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is directly related to myocardial salvage. Recently, several series have demonstrated the safety of stenting in AMI and documented a larger postprocedure luminal diameter than that found at angioplasty, although no study has compared the effect of PTCA and stenting in AMI on flow characteristics of the IRA. The residual stenosis and the number of frames required to opacify standardized angiographic landmarks normalized for vessel length (corrected TIMI frame count) or compared with flow in a corresponding normal coronary artery (TIMI frame count index) were determined for the IRA of 39 patients who underwent angioplasty or stenting for AMI. Baseline characteristics were similar for the 20 patients who underwent stenting and the 19 patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. After intervention, the luminal diameter was greater (3.24 vs 2.09 mm, p <0.0001) and the residual stenosis was less (-9.4% vs. 26.7%, p <0.0001) after stenting than after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. These changes in vessel geometry were associated with a lower corrected TIMI frame count (16.1 vs 30.7, p <0.002) and a lower TIMI frame count index (0.68 vs 1.3, p <0.002). Thus, stenting in AMI is associated with a greater postprocedure luminal diameter and improvement in coronary blood flow as measured by the TIMI frame count method.     

介入治疗中少见并发症的原因分析

目的总结6例介入治疗术中少见并发症的发生原因及处理经验。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2007年8月间3387例介入治疗术中和术后6例（0.186%）并发症患者的临床资料。结果2例肾损伤、1例心脏压塞及1例空气脑栓塞发生于冠状动脉造影过程中;1例颅内出血发生于椎动脉狭窄植入支架过程中;1例肾血管破裂发生于肾动脉狭窄支架植入术中。以上病例经及时给予相应治疗后,均治愈或好转。结论通过对术中病情的严密观察能及早发现并发症的早期表现,术者的重视和及时有效的处理是降低并发症危害程度的重要保证。     

应用切割球囊结合支架术治疗冠状动脉分叉处病变89例

目的 :评价经皮冠状动脉腔内切割球囊成形术 （PTCBA）结合支架术治疗冠脉分叉处病变的安全性及疗效。方法 :对 89例冠心病患者主支病变应用 PTCBA预扩张后置入支架、分支病变单行 PTCBA而不置入支架 ,观察其冠脉病变特点、手术过程相关因素、手术成功率、并发症和近、中期随访结果。结果 :89例患者中分叉处病变位于前降支 /对角支占 71% ,回旋支 /钝圆支占 2 5 % ,右冠脉 /后降支或后侧支占 4%。对分支血管行 PTCBA后 1例因残余狭窄 >5 0 %而植入支架 ,1例因并发轻度钙化且分支成角较大切割球囊未通过 ,改用常规 PTCA球囊扩张成功。病变 PTCBA成功率达 97.8% ;无院内死亡、急性心肌梗死 （AMI）、急性心包填塞及急诊冠脉搭桥术等严重并发症。对手术成功的 87例术后临床随访 3～ 2 6个月 ,无死亡及 AMI等心脏事件发生。临床心绞痛复发率 17.2 %。复查冠脉造影 （CAG）率 5 6.3 % ,示 49处分叉病变主支支架内再狭窄率 14.3 % ,分支血管再狭窄率 18.4%。结论 :PTCBA结合支架术治疗冠脉分叉处病变是一种安全、有效的介入治疗技术 ,其成功率高、并发症少 ,近、中期疗效满意     

Unprotected left main coronary artery stenting: immediate and medium-term outcomes of 140 elective procedures

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate immediate and late outcomes after stenting for left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis. BACKGROUND: Conventional percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), for which coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been the gold standard therapy for years, has yielded poor results in unprotected LMCA lesions. The development of coronary stents, together with their dramatic patency improvement provided by new antiplatelet regimens and their validation against restenosis, warrants a reappraisal of angioplasty in LMCA stenosis. METHODS: From January 1993 to September 1998, 140 consecutive unselected patients with unprotected LMCA stenosis underwent elective stenting. Group I included 47 high-CABG-risk patients, and group II included 93 low-CABG-risk patients. Ticlopidine without aspirin was routinely started at least 72 h before the procedure and continued for one month. Patients were reevaluated monthly. A follow-up angiography was requested after six months. RESULTS: The procedure success rate was 100%. One-month mortality was 9% (4/47) in group I and 0% in group II. A follow-up angiography was obtained in 82% of cases, and target lesion revascularization was required in 17.4%. One-year actuarial survival was 89% in the first 29 group I patients and 97.5% in the first 63 group II patients. CONCLUSIONS: Stenting of unprotected LMCA stenosis provided excellent immediate results, particularly in good CABG candidates. Medium-term results were good, with a restenosis rate of 23%, similar to that seen after stenting at other coronary sites. Stenting deserves to be considered a safe and effective alternative to CABG in institutions performing large numbers of PTCAs.     

Low-pressure deployment of stents: short- and long-term outcome.

This study investigates a strategy of low-pressure stenting with concomitant anti-platelet treatment designed to prevent short- and long-term events after stenting. Ninety consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with stenting using low-pressure stent deployment (mean 8.1 atmospheres) with concomitant anti-platelet therapy based on ticlopidine and aspirin were followed. The 30-day outcome revealed a stent thrombosis rate of 6.4%, while the 9-month major clinical event rate was 8.6%. Low-pressure stent deployment appears to confer added risk for acute or sub-acute thrombosis even when aspirin and ticlopidine are used. Conversely, low-pressure inflation is associated with excellent long-term results.     

Comparison of cardiovascular risk of noncardiac surgery following coronary angioplasty with versus without stenting

Previous studies have shown a high incidence of cardiovascular complications when noncardiac surgery (NCS) is performed after coronary stenting. No study has compared the outcomes of NCS after stenting compared with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) alone. The records of all patients who underwent NCS within 3 months of percutaneous coronary intervention at our institution were reviewed for adverse clinical events with the end points of acute myocardial infarction, major bleeding, and death < or = 6 months after NCS. A total of 216 consecutive patients were included in the study. Of these, 122 (56%) underwent PTCA and 94 (44%) underwent stenting. A total of 26 patients (12%) died, 13 in the stent group (14%) and 13 in the PTCA group (11%), a nonsignificant difference. The incidence of acute myocardial infarction and major bleeding was 7% and 16% in the stent group and 6% and 13% in the PTCA group (p = NS), respectively. Significantly more events occurred in the 2 groups when NCS was performed within 2 weeks of percutaneous coronary intervention. In conclusion, our study has demonstrated high rates of perioperative morbidity and mortality after NCS in patients undergoing PTCA alone, as well as stenting. These findings support the current guidelines regarding the risk of NCS after stenting but suggest they be extended to PTCA as well.