Impact of Sperm Collection Methods on Sperm Parameters in Spinal Cord Injured Men and Compared to Normal Controls in ICSI Program

Background To determine and compare the effect of electro ejaculation (EE), Masturbations, Penile vibratory stimulation (PVS), Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA) on the quality and quantity of sperm parameters in the aspect of assisted reproduction.Methods A retrospective study on collected semen of 89 spinal cords injured (SCI) men (EE = 70, Mast = 3, PVS = 6, PESA = 10 individuals) and 49 neurologically intact men (EE = 5, Mast = 14, PVS = 30) with different methods were included and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with homologue oocytes were performed.Results The quality and quantity of semen in SCI was significantly lower than neurologically intact men (P < 0.01), and showed reduction of sperm parameters in compare with normal group including; 23.19% in motility, 14.56 % in normal morphology, and 41.51%in viability (P < 0.001). Within normal group the EE method has significantly influence on sperm parameters (P < 0.01). In SCI group the morphology was severely impaired. Hyper leukocytes significantly increased (P < 0.01). The fertilization rate of EE/ICSI was 60% which was lower than other methods of semen collection (71.7%).Conclusions The EE method of semen collection compared with PVS and other methods of normal ejaculatory stimulation showed significantly lower grade of sperm parameters. EE/ICSI is effective in treating an ejaculatory infertility. For ejaculatory stimulation it is recommended to Consider PVS as the first line of treatment in SCI men. PESA can be considered when EE and PVS both fail to cause seminal emission.     

嗅鞘细胞治疗脊髓损伤的现状及移植途径

脊髓损伤是常见的神经系统创伤性疾病,是医学界研究的热点难题之一。随着车祸、高空坠落等高能量损伤的日益增多,其发病率和致残率呈逐年增高的趋势。本文通过对嗅鞘细胞和脊髓损伤的基础、临床研究及相关文献回顾,就嗅鞘细胞的特点、治疗脊髓损伤的研究现状和移植途径作一综述。     

Semen Quality in Males with Spinal Cord Injury: Medical and Psychological Aspect

Lower paraplegia is an important medical condition that presents a significant life challenge. One important concern in male with lower paraplegia is the complications in reproductive function. Indeed, sexual function is confirmed for the interrelationship between sexual function and autonomic dysreflexia. Sexual and genital prognosis in adult paraplegics is a present focus and will be presented in this article.     

Sexual Self-esteem and Body Image of South African Spinal Cord Injured Adolescents

Although adolescents sustain a large portion of spinal cord injuries, the area of spinal cord injured adolescents and the issues surrounding their sexuality are under-researched. This is the first South African study on the sexuality of spinal cord injured adolescents and attempts to address this paucity. It is generally postulated that the sexuality of adolescents who have sustained SCI will be detrimentally affected by the consequences of having a physical disability, resulting in developmental lags relative to non-disabled peers. The focus of this article is to explore the impact of spinal cord injury on adolescents sexual self-esteem and body image. A qualitative study was conducted, with data being collected via in-depth individual interviews, which were subsequently analyzed thematically. A disparity was found between dominant ableist discourses of the SCI adolescent as a sexually immature and passive spectator, and the lived experiences of the participants involved in the study. The study concluded that entrenched socially constructed attitudes appear to limit the opportunities for spinal cord injured adolescents to express their sexuality more than the limitations by their disabilities.     

半横断模型与脊髓损伤修复

随着交通和建筑事故的增多，脊髓半切伤综合征的病人也越来越多见，以往大多数学者都集中于挤压伤或打击伤模型，但由于这些模型与临床上的半切伤受力及损伤机制明显不同。所以建立和研究半切模型中脊髓损伤的变化机制，对于临床有很重大的现实意义。本文对半横断模型与脊髓损伤修复之间关系的研究进展进行综述。     

Male Infertility and Impotence Resources on the Web

Summary

This article focuses on infertility and impotence Internet resources for men. As these subjects can be sensitive in nature, the Internet can be an invaluable resource to help facilitate the research process. The selected Internet resources in this article will guide users to some of the best information available at this time.     

Sexual Pursuits of Pleasure Among Men and Women with Spinal Cord Injuries

Following a spinal cord injury, sexual relationships, intimacy, and pleasure remain important pursuits for individuals. This literature review examines the subjective experiences of sexual intimacy for men and women with spinal cord injuries, as well as their intimate partners. Several themes emerged that span gender differences and nationality differences. Specifically, studies indicate that despite individual struggles with neutering internal and external perspectives, they can lead satisfying sex lives that may be more creative and mutually pleasurable than their sex lives prior to the injury. This review also provides suggestions to improve sex education and therapy following a spinal cord injury.     

Sexual Satisfaction in People with Spinal Cord Injury

The objective of this study is to extend knowledge regarding sexual satisfaction, comparing the findings among pre- and post-lesion periods and a control group. From Brazil, the participants were 90 men, of whom 40 had a spinal cord injury (SCI) and 50 had no physical disability. The instrument used was a structured open and closed–ended questionnaire. Of the 40 men with SCI, 29 had paraplegia and 11 had tetraplegia. The participants were asked about their level of sexual satisfaction: 72% of the control group declared themselves to be very satisfied; 80% of the men with SCI in the pre-lesion period also reported being very satisfied, while in the postlesion period this number fell to 47.5%. In the pre-lesion period and in the control group sexual satisfaction exhibited positive correlations with: sexual frequency; sexual stimulation; sexual desire and intensity of orgasm. Meanwhile, in the post-lesion period there were correlations between variables that are modified by the SCI: erection sufficient for penetration; reaching orgasm; achieving penetration and finding sex possible without penetration. Noteworthy, the study found that there are changes in the sexual satisfaction of men with SCI. In many cases this change results from the difficulty in maintaining a sex life similar to that experienced pre-lesion. Furthermore, new correlations with sexual satisfaction appear in the post-lesion period.     

Mast Cells and Fibrosis on Testicular Biopsies in Male Infertility

Testicular dysfunction correlates with increased testicular mast cells. Mast cells can activate fibroblasts and promote collagen synthesis. The aim of the study was to examine testicular mast cells containing tryptase, and the relationship between mast cells and different fibrosis stages of interstitium and peritubular region of testes. Testicular biopsies obtained from 33 infertile men were assigned to 2 groups: normal spermatogenesis ( n = 10) and defective spermatogenesis ( n = 23). Total, interstitial, and peritubular mast cells were examined immunohistochemically using antihuman tryptase. The fibrosis stage was evaluated using vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin. The ratio of tubules with sclerosis to total tubules was also calculated. In all cases, mast cells were mainly localized in the interstitium. The number of total mast cells was significantly higher in defective spermatogenesis than in normal spermatogenesis ( p =. 048). In both groups, interstitial mast cells were higher than peritubular mast cells. However, the increase in peritubular region was much higher than the increase in interstitium. Total, peritubular, and interstitialmast cell counts were not different from each other, according to the changing fibrosis stages. Total and interstitial mast cells were significantly higher in the cases with sclerosing seminiferous tubules than in the cases with no sclerosis ( p =. 04 and p =. 024, respectively). The mast cells and the mast cell product tryptase could be involved in the etiology of defective spermatogenesis, especially whenever the last stage (tubular hyalinization and sclerosis) takes place.     

心理干预对腹腔镜诊疗方法治疗不孕症患者的影响与护理对策

目的：探讨心理干预对腹腔镜诊疗方法治疗不孕症患者的影响与护理对策。方法：将60例不孕患者按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各30例，对照组采用常规护理，观察组在常规护理基础上进行心理干预。结果：观察组患者焦虑指数评分、治疗效果明显优于对照组。结论：不孕症患者经腹腔镜诊疗后，医疗护理人员需要及时采用有针对性的心理干预手段，帮助患者走出心理误区。     

The Experience of Military Sexual Trauma and Rehabilitation for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury/Dysfunction

It has been well documented that spinal cord injury injury/dysfunction (SCI/D) can have a substantial impact upon psychological functioning. The complications that are produced by such an event include an array of physical issues (e.g., incontinence, impotence) to social difficulties (e.g., social resource access). Originally, the rehabilitation treatment focused on the physical impairment and psychological effects on the individual. For example, literature on sexuality after injury has examined the areas of the sexual response cycle, reproductive functioning, sexual behavior, and adjustment. Today, as the professional's awareness of the incidence of sexual trauma increases, assessing the impact of trauma history is an important healthcare consideration. Within the VA Healthcare System, military sexual trauma history is routinely screened. The complexities of working with individuals with SCI/D and sexual trauma can be challenging as some may lack effective verbal and social skills necessary for resolving interpersonal conflicts and advocacy. A pragmatic clinical model to utilize social skills deficit training is described in conjunction with specific sexual trauma treatment, as a way of increasing effective working relationships to maximize rehabilitation potential. Reprinted with permission from AASCIPSW, SCI Psychosocial Process.     

Sexuality and Women with Spinal Cord Injury

Women with spinal cord injury (SCI) have unique concerns and problems related to their sexuality. The purpose of this study is to assess sexual issues in women with SCI, for better management and rehabilitation of such patients. Consequently, 40 such women were interviewed based on a standardized questionnaire. Evaluation of sexual activity, medical problems most significantly interfering with sexual activity, menstruation, pregnancy, child bearing and relationships was done. Interest in sex and importance of sex in lives did not change significantly after SCI. The key concerns after SCI were sexual, bladder and bowel dysfunctions, bed sores, pain, spasticity and satisfaction of partner and cultural taboos. Only, 30% women had received information on sexual matters, that too to isolated problems. There is a distinctive need for clinical attention, education, research and development around gynaecological/reproductive, sexual and urogenital issues unique to women with SCI in India.     

外源性供氧和超氧化物歧化酶对脊髓损伤的保护作用

目的　观察外源性供氧和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)保护受损伤脊髓 ,促进其功能恢复的作用。方法　采用Allen’s法于兔L2 椎体水平造成急性脊髓损伤。对照组不予治疗 ,治疗组分别在伤后 3 0min开始给药。于伤后 12h ,测定脊髓组织丙二醛 (MDA)及SOD活性 ,四周后进行病理形态学观察。结果　联合应用外源性供氧和SOD ,在抑制MDA生成 ,增强SOD活性方面较单一用药显著 (P <0 0 5 )。伤后四周末外源性供氧组 (2 9± 1 1)级 ,SOD组 (2 8± 1 2 )级 ,联合用药组 (3 1± 0 8)级 ,对照组 (1 1± 0 9)级 ,三个治疗组的肌力恢复均好于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。组织形态学检查联合用药组的病理改变较单一用药组轻。结论　脊髓损伤后早期外源性供氧和SOD协同作用 ,能有效抑制脊髓损伤后的脂质过氧化反应 ,对继发性脊髓损伤有保护作用。     

中上胸椎骨折脱位合并脊髓不完全性损伤的手术治疗

目的探讨中上胸椎骨折脱位合并脊髓不完全性损伤的手术治疗方法及疗效。方法 2006年4月至2010年3月,采用后路减压植骨融合长节段椎弓根钉内固定治疗中上胸椎骨折脱位合并脊髓不完全性损伤患者15例,观察术前、术后随访的X线及CT片,比较伤椎的Cobb角、椎体高度和神经损伤的变化情况。结果 15例患者均获12～48个月(平均26.5个月)随访,切口均一期愈合,骨折愈合时间:6～14个月(平均9.5个月)。术后并发症:肺部感染1例,深静脉血栓l例,均经处理后痊愈,无内固定失效发生。术前和术后在伤椎的Cobb角、椎体高度丢失方面进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后神经损伤按照ASIA分级:B级2例改善为C级,1例改善为D级;C级5例改善为D级,2例改善为E级;D级3例均改善为E级,无加重患者。结论中上胸椎骨折脱位合并脊髓不完全性损伤采用后路减压植骨融合长节段椎弓根钉内固定治疗可获得满意疗效,把握手术时机以及术中仔细操作是成功的关键。     

我国脊髓损伤患者延续性护理研究进展

介绍我国延续性护理在脊髓损伤患者中的发展状况,总结我国脊髓损伤延续性护理的开展内容、形式以及效果,指出脊髓损伤延续性护理发展中存在的主要问题,提出改进建议,并对脊髓损伤延续性护理的发展前景进行展望,旨在充分发挥延续性护理在脊髓损伤患者康复中的作用,促进其进一步的发展。     

中上胸椎骨折脱位合并脊髓不完全性损伤的手术治疗

目的探讨中上胸椎骨折脱位合并脊髓不完全性损伤的手术治疗方法及疗效。方法 2006年4月至2010年3月,采用后路减压植骨融合长节段椎弓根钉内固定治疗中上胸椎骨折脱位合并脊髓不完全性损伤患者15例,观察术前、术后随访的X线及CT片,比较伤椎的Cobb角、椎体高度和神经损伤的变化情况。结果 15例患者均获12～48个月（平均26.5个月）随访,切口均一期愈合,骨折愈合时间：6～14个月（平均9.5个月）。术后并发症：肺部感染1例,深静脉血栓l例,均经处理后痊愈,无内固定失效发生。术前和术后在伤椎的Cobb角、椎体高度丢失方面进行比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术后神经损伤按照ASIA分级：B级2例改善为C级,1例改善为D级;C级5例改善为D级,2例改善为E级;D级3例均改善为E级,无加重患者。结论中上胸椎骨折脱位合并脊髓不完全性损伤采用后路减压植骨融合长节段椎弓根钉内固定治疗可获得满意疗效,把握手术时机以及术中仔细操作是成功的关键。     

精子表面抗精子抗体与不育男性精液参数的临床分析

目的:探讨精子表面抗精子抗体(AsAb)与精液主要参数的相关性。方法:使用安科公司MAR法(混合抗球蛋白反应试验)AsAb检测试剂盒进行精子表面AsAb检测,讨论观察组、对照组精液检测参数与AsAb的相关性。结果:不育组282例共检出AsAb阳性56例,阳性率达19.86％。抗体结合部位以头部为主,占46.4％。经相关分析,精液中AsAb的存在与精子密度、精子活率、精子活力(a级+b级)呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:精子表面AsAb检测阳性时,可导致男性生育能力低下或不育。     

自体骨髓基质干细胞移植联合EPO治疗脊髓损伤的研究

目的：探讨自体骨髓基质干细胞（MSCs）移植联合促红细胞生成素（EPO）对大鼠脊髓损伤（SCI）治疗的效果。方法：培养与纯化骨髓基质干细胞。80只SD大鼠制备脊髓损伤模型,随机分为4组：干细胞移植组、EPO组、联合组和对照组。采用BBB法进行运动能力评分和组织切片观察来评定修复情况。结果：三个实验组与对照组相比,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,三个实验组均可明显促进大鼠运动功能和损伤后组织结构的恢复,其中联合组效果更显著。结论：骨髓基质干细胞移植联合EPO具有促进大鼠脊髓损伤后神经功能的修复。     

男性不育诊断要略和系统治疗

正确而规范的诊断对男性不育的治疗至关重要。男性不育的诊断包括：疾病诊断、病理诊断及病因诊断。应在全面细致的病史采集、体格检查及辅助检查的基础上进行。治疗应根据不育的病因，采取个体化的方案，以求增加自然妊娠机会或提高辅助生殖技术的成功率。对男性不育的诊断要略和系统治疗进行讨论，重点讨论常用的治疗方法、特别是辅助生殖技术的适应证及其安全性问题。     

康复期颈髓损伤高位截瘫患者系统化护理的疗效评价研究

目的：研究并探讨康复期颈髓损伤高位截瘫患者系统化护理的疗效评价研究。方法：选取2012年10月-20／4年3月本院收治的60例高位截瘫患者进行临床回顾性分析,根据护理方式的不同将患者分为两组。对照组30例采用常规方式护理,试验组30例采用系统化护理的方式护理,比较两组的护理效果。结果：试验组康复期并发症低于对照组,且总体有效率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;试验组护理后较前SAS分明显降低,且低于对照组护理后（P〈0．05）。结论：采用系统化护理对康复期颈髓损伤高位截瘫患者的康复效果较好,对于患者的生活质量有一定的提高,值得临床上大力推广。