口腔X线牙片数字化管理的应用

目的 探讨口腔X线牙片长期保存和椅旁迅速调用的数字化管理方法。方法 将牙片置于观片灯上，通过数码相机将普通X线图像转换为数字图像，并运用计算机图像处理系统对其加工、整理和保存。结果 通过临床近1年的试用，效果满意。结论 该方法具有实用意义。     

对中美口腔临床管理的几点对比和建议

通过对比中美口腔临床管理和临床服务的一些环节,对以下5个方面进行探讨和建议：1）一次性口腔检查器具的非合理性;2）牙椅旁牙片拍摄是安全和方便的;3）美国不再使用椅旁痰盂;4）口内注射前的黏膜表面消毒和表面麻醉;5）患者看病难而口腔医学院学生缺少病源。通过这些讨论,试图找出差距并提出解决的方法,希望能引起国内口腔临床管理工作者的注意,起到推动国内口腔临床工作趋于完善的作用。     

计算机辅助正颌外科手术模拟预测系统的建立

目的:建立一套正颌外科手术模拟系统,为临床提供指导和数据参考,同时为教学提供形象化的教具。方法:在Windows环境下,采用VisualC 语言编制程序,借助彩色图像扫描仪和透射适配器以及数码相机等,将X线片等图象资料输入、储存于计算机,并随时将其调用和显示。在屏幕的X线片图象上进行手术模拟,将照片图象与X线片图象进行配准,获得患者的模拟预测容貌。结果:实现了一套精度高、速度快的正颌外科手术模拟系统。结论:本系统为一套精度高、速度快、效果良好的模拟系统。既为临床和教学提供方便,又为正颌外科领域的科研开辟了一条新路     

数字化牙片系统在老年人磨牙保存治疗中的应用

目的：评估数字化牙片在对老年人患有牙髓病、尖周病的磨牙进行保存治疗中的效果.方法：采用数字化牙片系统结合规范的根管治疗技术对23例老年人（男性16人,女性7人）的29颗牙进行治疗,在根管内插入诊断丝并结合不同角度的数字化X线片,以测量工作长度.在治疗前、中、后应用数字化牙片判断治疗效果,多数病例完成根管治疗后采用修复的方法恢复功能和美观.结果：对23例的29颗牙随访3个月,所有患牙X线片均获得良好的临床疗效.结论：数字化牙片在老年人磨牙的保存治疗中与传统X线牙片相比可以更方便的测量工作长度、指导治疗并判断根管治疗术的疗效,也便于资料的收集和医患之间的交流.     

X线牙片固定定位夹的设计及临床应用

目的：介绍自行设计的牙片固定定位夹并评价临床应用效果。方法：对1034例患者随机分成牙片固定定位夹辅助拍摄组（简称片夹组）和传统的牙片拍摄组（简称传统组），从目标牙齿位于图像中心、垂直角度、水平角度、X线中心位置4个方面评价2组患者拍摄的1154张牙片。结果：片夹组牙片的图像质量（甲级83．2％，乙级16．3％，丙级0．5％）优于传统组（甲级54．1％，乙级36．5％，丙级9．4％），差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论：应用牙片吲定定化央拍摄X线牙片可以提高摄片质量。     

一次性牙片夹持器的研制与临床应用

寻求一种成象失真小 ,有利于防止医院感染的X线牙片投照方法。方法 :自制X线不阻射的一次性塑料牙片夹持器 ,应用远距离投照原理拍摄X线牙片。结果 :通过临床应用该夹持器拍摄X线牙片成象失真小 ,可有效地防止了医院感染。结论 :一次性牙片夹持器可提高牙片拍摄质量 ,且方便实用     

单反相机辅助判读口腔科X线片的可行性研究

目的：评价使用单镜头反光数码相机将传统X线片转化为数字图片并进行增强处理后是否能提高其可判读性。方法：使用三种不同测量方法,以相同的参照点测量同一组种植体周的骨高度,对三组测量结果分别进行配对t检验,评价不同测量方法所得数据的差异。结果：单反相机翻拍组与CT测量组的结果无统计学差异,而传统直接测量法所得结果与其他两组存在统计学差异。结论：传统直接测量法测量成像不佳的X线片时结果可靠性不高,将其用数码相机翻拍,进行数字增强处理后可在一定程度上提高其可判读性,有利于医生作出正确的诊断。     

口腔X线片全面质量管理工作的重要意义

目的：探讨提高X线照片质量和X线诊断水平的必要性和重要性。方法：（1）国际标准ISO认证专用牙片（以下简称专用牙片）与普通胶片改裁牙片（以下简称普通牙片）曝光剂量的比较;（2）工作数量总结及统计分析;（3）对口腔颌面部及其它部位X线照片进行质量评定。结果：（1）用专用牙片投照的曝光剂量明显少于普通牙片投照的曝光剂量,减少了辐射量,提高了X线照片影像的对比度和清晰度,延长了机器的使用寿命;（2）工作数量统计分析结果显示,平均（对比）增长速度为6．24％;（3）X线照片质量评定结果显示：一级片率为48．95％,一,二组片率之和为90．95％,废片率为0．8％,结论实施质量保证,质量控制计划,是一项长期的,细致的系统工程。     

头影测量分析与图像数据库系统功能分析与应用

目的：综述通过临床实践总结出的头影测量分析产品的基本需求，应用相关产品提高医疗、教学、科研水平。方法：通过数字X线机、数码相机、口腔内镜或扫描仪将患者影像导人系统数据库．对图像进行编辑、测量、绘图、分析、存储，对患者依据不同需要做诊断分类以方便组合检索，通过开放的报告系统设计包含口腔普查图表、诊断分类结果、分析结果图表、图文报告等内容的多页电子病历，形成完整的患者数据库系统。结果：积累400余例病历资料，显著提高向潜在患者表达科室医疗成果的效果，方便了医师业务交流和治疗方案的确定，为多媒体教学提供了坚实的基础．促进了研究生课题和科研课题的开展。结论：使用功能完善的相关产品开展规范化的头影测量分析并建立规范化的包含图像信息的患者数据库。当此种数据库积累到相当数量时，将成为医疗机构的一笔宝贵财富，对于提高医疗、教学、科研水平具有显著的效果。     

Digora数字成像系统在口腔种植医疗中的运用

Digora数字成像系统的出现标志着口腔牙片X线拍摄技术进入了一个新时期。本文介绍Digora数字成像系统在口腔种植术前、术后的检查和诊断中所起的重要作用及原理、应用价值及其优越性，在585次数字化影像检查中，满意率达98％。研究证明Digora数字成像系统能够承担和代替常规X线摄影，并且图像质量与标准X线机在同样条件下获得的图像相同甚至更好     

The deal on digital: the status of radiographic imaging

In the very near future, dentists will perform image acquisition, whether clinical or radiographic, using solid-state detectors or photostimulable phosphor plates. In addition, clinical still camera images, video camera images, and x-ray images will all be digital. At this time, medical imaging is almost completely digital and consumers are actively seeking digital products. Because information in a digital format can be stored, processed, and transmitted easily and efficiently by computers, traditional imaging receptors, such as conventional radiographic film, is slowly being replaced. This article will outline the various digital receptors and systems available for x-ray imaging, and discuss the impact of this paradigm shift on the dental professional.     

采用细胞神经网络图像分割技术定量分析牙菌斑

目的采用细胞神经网络图像分割技术，建立分析牙菌斑的新方法并对其进行评价。方法从北京市高血压联盟在首钢系统体检的人群中筛选195名个体，菌斑染色后，用Olympus数码照相机拍摄口内前牙区的数码像，同时评价前牙区的Turesky菌斑指数。采用细胞神经网络图像分割技术完成图像分析。结果不同操作者的剪切引起分析结果的偏差很小。Kappa值为0．935，两名操作者前牙唇面牙菌斑覆盖牙表面积的百分比（P％）的Pearson相关系数为0．988（P〈0．001）。用图像法测量菌斑的百分比与传统的菌斑指数间有较高的相关一致性，Pearson相关系数为0．853（P〈0．001）。结论细胞神经网络图像分割技术是评价牙菌斑的一种可行的新方法。     

Digital photography technology offers unique capabilities, advantages, and challenges to dental practices.

Digital photography technology has both advanced substantially in the past few years and decreased in price. Today, high-resolution cameras offer an attractive option to dentists ready to incorporate digital photography into their practices. This article begins with a technical explanation of how digital photography works as the basis for understanding how it compares and contrasts with film photography, as well as how it offers unique benefits to dental practices. It describes how digital camera design affects image characteristics such as resolution and color fidelity and provides dentists with suggested camera features they should consider. The article explores issues associated with the display and storage of images. It then provides guidelines to help dentists determine whether they are ready to adopt digital photography, including a discussion about the advantages of digital photography as well as suggested ways digital photography will affect office workflows and productivity.     

A digital SLR or intra-oral camera: preference for acquisition within an image analysis system for measurement of disclosed dental plaque area within clinical trials

Objectives:  The aim of this investigation was to compare the accuracy and reproducibility of images acquired from two types of camera (digital SLR camera, Kodak DCS410, KJP, UK and an intra-oral camera, Schick Technologies, UK) for application within an imaging system used for the quantification of disclosed dental plaque.
Methods:  Subjects refrained from brushing their teeth for 24 h. Their teeth were then disclosed with Erythrosin FDC Red 3 and duplicate sets of images were obtained by each examiner of the upper central and lateral incisors. Images were then saved and measured for dental plaque area. These data were used to calculate reliability.
Results:  No statistically significant bias in the measurements of plaque area was found. The reliability results showed the method was reliable. However, the image analysis system incorporating the 35 mm SRL camera was more reliable for both operators, as demonstrated by their intra-operator results. This was also collaborated by the inter-operator results.
Conclusion:  In this investigation the digital SLR camera combined with the image analysis system and frame permitted greater reliability of dental plaque surface area measurements than the digital intra-oral camera. This conclusion was derived both from the reliability data and from the perceived ease of use and flexibility of both camera types. When combined with the use of the custom-made frame, the images using the digital SLR camera were highly reproducible, confirming the systems application within clinical trials.     

牙周美学治疗中的数字化概念

随着数字化技术的飞速发展,数码微笑设计、3D扫描、3D打印、虚拟牙合架等技术逐步进入牙周美学治疗领域。口腔医学的数字化技术经历了从二维到三维重建的过程,更加精准、简便、快速,为临床医生的工作和医患、医技沟通带来了便利。文章就牙周美学治疗中的数字化概念的研究与发展做一综述。     

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??Along with the rapid development of digital technology??bunches of methods including digital smile design??3D scan??3D print and virtual articular have been introduced into periodontal aesthetic therapy. Digital technology in oral medicine has evolved from 2D to 3D??benefiting clinical work and communication between the interdisciplinary dental team??as well as the doctor and the patient??with its characteristics of being more accurate??simplified and efficient. The present review aims to review the development of the concept of digitalization in periodontal aesthetic theray.     

Digital photography: exposures, editing images, and presentation

The digital camera is one of the most important electronic articles on the wish list in the private sector, and professional users are also making increasing use of the possibilities that the digital image provides. In dental medicine, nothing speaks for the analog image anymore, and thus many dentists are searching for an expedient solution. Anyone who is faced with deciding on a digital camera will often be confused by the immense variety of models and concepts, which are also subject to rapid change. Fortunately for dental medicine, however, the current camera generation--both viewfinder and SLR systems--offers quality features which will be able to satisfy even high demands for many years.     

Contemporary dental photography: selection and application

Technological developments in photography have continued to facilitate and enhance the practice of dentistry. This evolution to a contemporary photographic process is revolutionizing the way clinicians diagnose, treat, and communicate with patients and colleagues. In this technologically progressing profession, clinicians should consider using an objective strategy for the selection and application of a reliable camera system that best suits the needs of their practice. This article provides clinicians with an overview of the function and basic components of a professional digital single lens reflex camera system, the criteria for evaluating and selecting a digital camera system, and the clinical applications for dental photography, as well as presents guidelines for obtaining a quality dental image.     

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摄影资料是口腔临床治疗的重要工具,能直观地反映患者口腔疾病状况和医生的治疗技术水平,在病历资料收集保存、医患交流、医技交流以及学术交流中发挥着不可替代的作用。传统的口腔摄影用的是负片相机,数码相机的出现为口腔医疗摄影提供了极大的方便,受到了口腔医生们的欢迎。十余年来,口腔临床摄影迅速发展,在摄影器材选择、摄影技术、照片质量方面有了极大的提高。本文回顾了国内外口腔临床摄影的发展历史和现状、与临床摄影相关的科研和教学情况。     

小鼠氟牙症分级标准的建立

目的 建立小鼠氟牙症分级标准.方法 将雄性ICR小鼠48只随机分为4组,分别饮用含质量分数0、55、110和220mg/L氟化钠的双蒸水,实验为期42d.每天用数码相机记录并观察小鼠下切牙釉质的改变.偏振光下观察氟牙症小鼠下切牙釉质的矿化程度.结果 小鼠切牙釉质发生了透明度、混浊、白色条纹、白垩色斑和缺损等不同程度的变化,偏振光下可见实验组釉质内不同程度的低密度褐色矿化不全区,小鼠氟牙症被分为11级.结论 建立了小鼠氟牙症11级分级标准.