液基细胞学结合端粒酶活性检测诊断胸腹水良恶性细胞的应用

目的:探讨液基细胞学结合端粒酶活性检测诊断浆膜腔积液良恶性细胞的应用价值。方法:收集201例(临床病理证实为97例恶性,104例良性)胸腹水标本,每例标本采用液基细胞技术制成薄层细胞片,做HE染色,用于细胞学检查;同时采用PCR-TRAP技术检测端粒酶活性。结果:细胞学检查对恶性胸腹水诊断的敏感度为81.4%(79/97),特异性为90.4%(94/104),端粒酶活性检测方法对恶性胸腹水诊断的敏感度为92.8(90/97),特异性为98.1%(102/104),将两种方法相结合,在恶性腹水中二者同时为阳性为74.2%(72/97),而在良性胸腹水中同时为阳性为0.0%(0/104),将两种方法相结合对恶性胸腹水的诊断敏感性为99.0%(96/97),特异度为100.0%(104/104)。结论:液基细胞学结合端粒酶活性检测分析用于胸腹水良性与恶性细胞的鉴别诊断较细胞学方法敏感,避免漏诊。     

液基细胞学检测联合DNA倍体分析在良恶性胸腹水鉴别诊断中的应用

目的探讨液基细胞学检测联合DNA倍体分析在良恶性胸腹水鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法收集2011年8月~2012年10月昆明医科大学第一附属医院病理科存档的胸腹水标本258例,其中胸水206例,腹水52例。对所有标本同时行液基细胞学检查和采用全自动细胞图像分析系统(DNAICM)进行DNA倍体分析,比较液基细胞学、DNA倍体分析和两种方法联合检测的结果。结果在258例胸腹水标本中,液基细胞学检测结果:可疑24例,确诊58例,阴性176例,阳性率为31.8%;DNA倍体分析结果:可疑9例,确诊84例,阴性165例,阳性率为36.1%;液基细胞学联合DNA倍体分析发现可疑12例,确诊93例,阴性153例,阳性率为40.1%,与单独使用液基细胞学检查和DNA倍体分析结果相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论液基细胞学制作的细胞片适于进行DNA倍体分析,联合液基细胞学检查和DNA倍体分析可明显提高恶性胸腹水的诊断阳性率。     

Ki-67在良恶性胸腹水鉴别中的临床价值分析

目的 应用免疫组织化学染色方法,分析增殖细胞核抗原Ki-67在良恶性胸腹水中的表达情况,探讨其临床应用价值.方法 选取56例良恶性胸腹腔积液标本,使用液基薄层制片技术制作细胞学涂片进行常规细胞形态学检查,以及使用细胞石蜡块技术制作组织切片,对石蜡块切片进行免疫组织化学染色检查.结果 以标记指数＞10％为阳性判定标准,本实验中Ki-67在恶性胸腹水中的阳性表达率为83.3％,良性胸腹水中阳性表达率为35％,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结果 Ki-67免疫组织化学染色作为常规细胞学检查的必要补充,有重要的临床应用价值.     

胸腹水细胞端粒酶活性定性和定量检测

目的探讨端粒酶活性定量检测在诊断良恶性胸腹水中的应用价值。方法采用TRAP-银染定性方法和rrRAP-PicoGreen定量方法,对102例已确诊患者的胸腹水细胞进行端粒酶活性分析。结果恶性胸腹水细胞端粒酶活性明显高于良性胸腹水细胞,其定性检测诊断率明显高于细胞病理学。乳腺癌患者胸腹水细胞的端粒酶活性明显高于卵巢癌、肝癌患者胸腹水细胞的端粒酶活性;肺癌患者胸腹水细胞端粒酶活性明显高于肝癌。在良性胸腹水中,感染性胸腹水细胞端粒酶活性高于非感染性胸腹水。结论恶性胸腹水细胞端粒酶活性明显升高。端粒酶活性定量检测较定性检测更敏感、简便,对良恶性胸腹水的诊断和鉴别诊断有一定应用价值。     

胸腹水细胞沉渣包埋技术及应用

胸腹水细胞学查检常规方法是胸腹水离心涂片后HE染色、镜检。该方法存在缺点：首先涂片中的细胞为散在单个或少数成团细胞，在光镜下有时很难鉴别增生间皮细胞、组织细胞、肿瘤细胞；其次不能像石蜡包埋细胞块，该方法克服了以上缺点，有利于提高胸腹水细胞学诊断的准确率。     

胸腹腔积液离心石蜡包埋在病理诊断中的价值

目的探讨离心石蜡包埋和免疫组化在临床胸腹腔积液病理鉴别诊断中应用价值。方法胸腹腔积液标本100例,离心石蜡包埋后行HE染色和免疫组化染色观察,并与常规涂片比较诊断结果。结果判定100例标本中鳞状细胞癌1例,恶性上皮型间皮瘤5例,腺癌27例,间皮细胞增生67例。讨论胸腹腔积液离心石蜡包埋有助于提高其病理诊断阳性率,判断肿瘤原发部位,评估预后,指导治疗方案的选择。     

142例恶性胸水细胞蜡块的免疫组化检测及分子病理检测

目的 探讨细胞蜡块结合免疫组化在恶性胸水的诊断及鉴别诊断中的作用,并分析胸水细胞蜡块在肺腺癌分子病理检测中的作用。方法 回顾性分析142例恶性胸水的液基细胞学、细胞蜡块HE染色以及免疫组化En Vision两步法染色,并结合细胞形态抗体的表达情况对恶性胸水进行肿瘤分类。采用ARMS-PCR法对其中40例经免疫组化En Vision染色确诊为肺腺癌的胸水细胞蜡块,进行表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)基因突变检测。结果 142例胸水细胞蜡块经免疫组化染色证实肺腺癌99例,肺小细胞癌4例,肺鳞状细胞癌3例,乳腺癌13例,卵巢癌9例,胃癌2例,甲状腺癌1例,子宫内膜癌1例,间皮瘤5例,淋巴瘤3例,恶性黑色素瘤1例,滑膜肉瘤1例。40例肺腺癌中EGFR基因突变20例,其中19del突变9例,L858R突变11例。结论 恶性胸水细胞蜡块行免疫组化检测不仅有助于肿瘤的明确诊断,更有助于对肿瘤进行分类并判断肿瘤原发部位及帮助判断预后。利用胸水细胞蜡块可以对肺腺癌进行EGFR基因突变的检测,为肺腺癌的基因检测提供新型的标本来源。     

血性体液标本涂片制作方法探讨

在临床病理细胞学诊断工作中,临床送检的血性体液标本(如血性胸水、腹水、血尿等)涂片作HE染色后,镜下可见较多的红细胞,背景深染成红色,影响结果的观察,如何既去除红细胞,又保持其它细胞形态的完整性,以利于HE或免疫组化标记后的鉴别诊断,很有必要.本文对3种不同处理的血性体液标本进行了比较,现报道如下.     

胸腔恶性间皮瘤16例细胞学分析

为了进一步识别光镜下恶性间皮细胞的形态特征，我们复习了16例既有组织学诊断又有胸水涂片的恶性间皮细胞标本。探讨恶性间皮细胞的形态特征及与腺癌细胞、增生活跃的间皮细胞之间的差异。1一般资料材料取自1987年1月～1996年12月在我院经组织病理学和胸水脱落细胞学诊断的病例标本。其中恶性间皮细胞16例，腺癌细胞30例，增生活跃间皮细胞20例，全部的细胞学徐片标本经光镜重复观察分析。细胞学标本用HE染色。2结果2．l胸水中恶性间皮细胞的形态特征恶性间皮细胞形态呈圆形、卵圆形，轻度异形，胞浆丰富，着色浅，胞膜边界不清，核圆形、…     

组化,免疫组化及电镜在黑色素瘤鉴别诊断中的应用

无色素及少色素性恶性黑色素瘤(下称恶黑),其组织结构及细胞形态变化多样.与恶性淋巴瘤,未分化癌和肉瘤等在HE染色下很难鉴别,极易发生误诊。本文应用组织化学染色,S-100蛋白免疫组化染色及电镜检查,探讨对恶黑诊断与鉴别诊断的价值。现将22例恶黑(10例无色素     

A comparison of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in malignant peritoneal and pleural mesothelioma

An evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phenotypic expression in malignant pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma was undertaken, using immunohistochemical (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Thirty-eight malignant mesothelioma (MM) specimens were subjected to IHC staining and FISH to evaluate the expression of EGFR protein and gene status. Overall positive IHC reaction was detected in 20/38 (53%) cases, in 11/22 (50%) pleural MM, and in 9/16 (56%) peritoneal MM. Our study confirmed that EGFR membranous expression is a common feature in MM, but not in benign mesothelial lesion. Thirty-seven cases did not show a gene copy number gain. Only one case showed a copy number gain. The protein overexpression of EGFR was not related to a gene copy number gain.     

一组细胞角蛋白抗体在胸腹腔积液中的表达及其鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨一组细胞角蛋白抗体在胸腹腔积液中的表达情况及其临床应用价值。方法:选取72例胸腹腔积液标本,其中腺癌30例,鳞癌22例,反应增生性间皮细胞22例,应用细胞免疫化学SP法检测细胞角蛋白CK(AE1/AE3)、细胞角蛋白5/6(CK5/6)、细胞角蛋白18(CK18)的表达。结果:三种抗体在反应增生性间皮细胞、腺癌细胞、鳞癌细胞中阳性率分别是CK(AE1/AK3):10.0%,73.3%,68.2%;CK5/6:60.0%,6.7%,77.3%;CK18:0,80.0%,4.5%。组合CK(AE1/AE3)(-)、CK5/6(+)、CK18(-)检测间皮细胞的敏感性为93.3%,特异性为80.2%;CK5/6(-)、CK18(+)检测腺癌细胞的敏感性为84.7%,特异性为93.6%;CK(AE1/AE3)(+)、CK5/6(+)、CK18(一)检测鳞癌细胞的敏感性为86.4%,特异性为92.8%。结论:多项细胞角蛋白联检提高了诊断反应增生性间皮细胞、腺癌细胞、鳞癌细胞的敏感性和特异性,可辅助细胞形态学对于良恶性胸腹腔积液的鉴别诊断。     

Fractal dimension of cell clusters in effusion cytology

In this study, the fractal dimension (FD) of the ball‐like tight clusters of known metastatic adenocarcinoma cells is compared with the tight cell clusters of the benign cells in the effusion fluid to find out the role of FD in differentiating malignant from benign cluster in effusion. A total of 68 and 72 images of cluster of cells from 12 cases of benign and 13 cases of metastatic pleural and peritoneal effusion were studied for FD. The mean FD of the cluster of cells of benign and malignant effusion was 1.4801 ± 0.23260 and 1.7175 ± 0.09006, respectively. Mann–Whitney U‐test showed significant difference of FD between the cell clusters of malignant and benign effusion cases (P < 0.0001). Cytological features along with the measurement of FD of cell clusters in effusion cytology may be helpful in differentiating benign from malignant cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:866–868. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Diagnostic efficacy of electron microscopy and pleural effusion cytology for the distinction of pleural mesothelioma and lung adenocarcinoma

The diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is challenging and requires immunohistochemistry or electron microscopy assays to specifically differentiate MPM from lung adenocarcinoma. An ultrastructural study of fresh tissue is considered to be the “gold standard.” In most cases, the first diagnostic approach is performed on pleural effusion, and in some patients, this is the only available sample for diagnosis. The aim of the present study is to evaluate if an examination of pleural effusion samples based on electron microscopy (EMpe) is a useful tool for the differential diagnosis of MPM and lung adenocarcinoma. An EMpe study was performed in 25 pleural effusion samples. Histological and immunohistochemical markers confirmed the diagnosis of either mesothelioma (5) or adenocarcinoma (20). Of the five cases that were diagnosed with mesothelioma, two samples (40%) showed cells with “bushy” microvilli, which are characteristic of mesothelioma, by EMpe, and three were acellular (60%). Of the 20 cases of adenocarcinoma, EMpe showed cells with short microvilli in 9 (45%), and 11 were acellular (55%). EMpe identifies unequivocal morphological changes that are useful for the differential diagnosis of MPM or adenocarcinoma when the pleural effusion sample contains evaluable tumor cells.     

Clinical evaluation and tissue distribution of CA125 in patients with pleural effusion

CA125 in serum and pleural effusion was measured in 51 patients with malignant effusion and 38 patients with benign effusion, and the tissue distribution of CA125 was investigated by immunohistochemical technique. The 51 malignant effusions were secondary to primary lung cancer. The 38 benign effusions were taken from 23 patients with tuberculous pleurisy, 9 patients with empyema, 5 patients with congestive heart failure and one patient with nephrosis. In the mean level and the positive rate of serum CA125, no significant difference was shown between primary lung cancer and tuberculosis or the other benign diseases. The mean level of CA125 in pleural effusion of primary lung cancer was significantly higher than that in pleural effusion of tuberculosis (p less than 0.01), and showed a tendency to increase compared to that in pleural effusion of the other benign diseases (p less than 0.1). The mean level of CA125 in pleural effusion of tuberculosis was significantly lower than that in the other benign diseases (p less than 0.02). The positive rate of CA125 in malignant effusion was 43.1% and the diagnostic specificity of it was 86.7%. CA125 was detected in carcinoma cells and activated mesothelial cells in pleural effusion and mesothelial cells of normal pleural tissue by immunohistochemical staining. These results suggest that the measurement of CA125 in pleural effusion is useful for differential diagnosis of the malignant effusion from the benign effusion and that CA125 in pleural effusion of pleuritis carcinomatosa is produced by not only carcinoma cells but also activated mesothelial cells.     

Lactate dehydrogenase activity in the diagnosis of malignant effusions

Enzyme assays in a series of 38 cases of pleural effusion and in 10 cases of ascites associated with malignant lesions and of 24 of pleural effusion and of five of ascites of benign origin do not support the suggestion that the estimation of the fluid lactate dehydrogenase serum ratios in pleural and peritoneal effusions is of value in the diagnosis of malignancy.     

Genomic‐based ancillary assays offer improved diagnostic yield of effusion cytology with potential challenges in malignant pleural mesothelioma

BRCA1‐associated protein 1 (BAP1) or methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) immunohistochemistry (IHC) or 9p21 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are useful for the diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). However, the effect of these assays on the diagnostic yield of effusion cytology in MPM cases with suspicious cytomorphology or the diagnostic challenges in BAP1 or MTAP IHC have not been fully elucidated. Two cohorts of cytologic preparations obtained from pleural effusions were examined: MPM cases in cohort 1 were used to evaluate whether BAP1 or MTAP IHC or 9p21 FISH increase the diagnostic yield of effusion cytology; cohort 2 included cases suspicious for MPM, to which BAP1 or MTAP IHC was applied to clarify the challenges in the clinical assessment of these assays. In cohort 1 (n = 28), either assay elevated 62.5% of class II or III cases to class V. In cohort 2 (n = 139), 21.7% of BAP1 immunocytochemistry in smears and 10.6% of BAP1 IHC and 9.4% of MTAP IHC in cell blocks, were identified to be challenging. The application of genomic‐based assays increased the diagnostic yield of effusion cytology in the diagnosis of MPM. However, diagnostic challenges limit the application of these assays in some cases.     

胸腔积液中肿瘤坏死因子和腺苷脱氨酶含量对结核性胸膜炎的诊断意义

目的：探讨肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）和腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值．方法：ADA采用比色法、TNF采用ELISA法对27例恶性胸腔积液、52例结核性胸腔积液进行检测．结果：结核性胸腔积液ADA和TNF水平都明显高于恶性胸腔积液,差别具有显著性（P＜0.01）．结论：应用TNF和ADA可能有助于结核性胸膜炎的鉴别诊断．     

CK19 mRNA在良、恶性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断意义

目的:评价检测CK19 mRNA对良、恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断的价值.方法:采用RT-PCR方法对43例恶性胸腔积液和57例良性胸腔积液CK19 mRNA进行检测.结果:恶性胸腔积液组中CK19 mRNA阳性率明显高于良性胸腔积液组(P＜0.05).CK19 mRNA检测胸腔积液的敏感性分别是90.7%,特异性都是70.2%,准确性是79.0%.结论:胸腔积液中CK19 mRNA测定可作为鉴别诊断恶性胸腔积液的重要方法.