治疗浅部真菌病的新抗真菌药物

近十年来,一些可系统性应用又可外用治疗皮肤和甲真菌病的新抗真菌药物已问世。特康唑是有效的治疗阴道念珠菌病药物。阿莫罗芬具广谱抗真菌作用,萘替芬和特比萘芬属丙烯胺类,局部应用治疗浅部皮肤真菌病有效。伊曲康唑由于对真菌的细胞色素P450 14-α脱甲基酶具更大特异性,比酮康唑抗菌谱更广,且更安全。氟康唑的作用机理与其他唑类相似,已着手研究以治疗深部真菌病和粘膜念珠菌病。     

茴香醛抗真菌实验及临床治疗研究

茴香醛有很强的抗真菌活性，而且抗菌谱广，实验用１８种４６株真菌ＭＩＣ为０．０３９～１． ２５ｍｇ／ｍｌ，ＭＦＣ为 ０．１５６～５．０ｍｇ／ｍｌ。~３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法试验显示对白念珠菌核酸代谢有显著抑制作用，且随浓度增高而增强。扫描电镜观察可见对菌细胞有破坏作用。５％茴香醛酊治疗浅部真菌病治愈率达７４．２６％。     

苦豆子油搽剂治疗神经性皮炎疗效观察

神经性皮炎又名慢性单纯性苔藓,是皮肤科常见疾病,易反复发作。笔者于2009年10月～2010年4月采用苦豆子油搽剂（新疆希望制药有限公司）治疗局限性神经性皮炎,并与丁酸氢化可的松乳膏进行对比,现将结果报告如下：     

五味子半夏等八种中药抗真菌作用

本文测定了五味子、半夏等八种中药的抗真菌作用强度,其中10%五味子与5%半夏对皮肤癣菌最敏感。五味子的有效成分与两性霉素B相似,均含有多烯类化学结构,故产生相同的抑菌作用。     

癣灵搽剂治疗皮肤癣菌病疗效观察

我们于1994年5月至11月,对癣灵搽剂进行了多中心临床研究,观察该制剂治疗体股手足癣的疗效及安全性。并与克霉唑癣药水进行对比研究。现将结果报告如下:一、临床资料:病例共300例,均为门诊病人,具有典型的体股手足癣临床症状及体征,真菌涂片直接镜检阳性,试验前2周内没有使用过系统抗真菌药物或一周内没有使用局部抗真菌药。病例分为癣灵搽剂治疗组和克霉唑癣药水治疗组。(一)、癣灵搽剂治疗组:1体股癣75例,其中男性51例,女性24例;年龄14～68岁,平均344岁;病程7天～20年,平均11个月。丘疱疹型63例,浸渍糜烂型3例,鳞屑角化型6例,混合型3例。…     

苦豆子油搽剂治疗小儿头白癣疗效观察

1临床资料 83例为2003年7月～12月本科门诊患者，治疗组45例，男25例，女20例；年龄2～12岁；病程7～180天；对照组38例，男23例，女15例；年龄3～11岁；病程9～160天。两组患者均无1个月内口服抗真菌药及1周内局部应用抗真菌药史。主要根据临床表现及真菌直接镜检查见孢子或菌丝确诊。     

疗霉舒霜治疗体股癣的疗效观察

疗霉舒霜治疗体股癣的疗效观察宋宁静①唐宁枫②宋兆友①＊疗霉舒（特比萘芬）霜剂是一种有广谱抗真菌活性的丙烯胺类药物，对皮肤真菌、双相真菌有杀灭作用［１］。我科自１９９４年５月～１９９５年９月，共治疗体股癣病人５０例，报告如下。１资料和方法１．１临床资料...     

霉克（霜剂）治疗皮肤真菌病疗效观察

霉克（霜剂）治疗皮肤真菌病疗效观察吴建华，廖万清，李守峰最近我们应用拜耳（Ｂａｙｅｒ）有限公司提供的霉克霜剂治疗３０例皮肤浅部真菌病，取得显著效果，现报告如下。１临床资料与方法１．１病例：所有观察病例均为门诊病人，有典型的临床表现且刮取皮损部位的皮屑...     

伊曲康唑治疗皮肤真菌病疗效观察

为了更好地了解伊曲康唑对于皮肤真菌病的治疗效果和安全性、并制订固定治疗方案,我们组织了多中心的开放治疗试验,观察伊曲康唑治疗皮肤真菌病的疗效和安全性,并了解皮肤真菌病的分布情况。现总结报道如下。一、病例和方法(一)观察方法:多中心开放性临床试验。(二)病例选择:1.病例入选标准:男、女皮肤真菌病患者,年龄15～65岁,少数可例外。病种为手、足癣(间擦型、水疱型、角化型等)。     

肉桂醛体外抗真菌作用初探

本文测定肉桂醛对部分常见真菌的体外抗菌谱.发现其对8种酵母及酵母样真菌的MIC值范围为1.95-62.51μg/ml,以克柔假丝酵母和热带假丝酵母最敏感;对皮癣菌及深部真菌的M工C范围为7.82-125.00μg/ml,以紫色癣菌最敏感.同时作了药物对10株白念菌的时间抑菌动态观察,抑菌曲线表明孵育8小时时,出现抑菌最低点.采用酮康唑对照,发现该药的MIC值普遍较酮康唑高.扫描和透射电镜也证实该药对白念菌、石膏毛癣菌和申克氏孢子丝菌有较强破坏作用,见菌外形改变及细胞壁破损.     

60种蒙药试管内抑真菌作用的初步实验研究

本文就60种蒙药试管内对部分致病性真菌抑菌作用的初步实验,结果有22种蒙药具有抑制真菌生长的效果。     

IN VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DERMATOPHYTES TO ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS: A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS

Background. There is an evidence that some fungal strains are resistant to certain antimycotic drugs with resulting therapeutic failures. Unlike testing of antibacterial agents, the activity of these drugs against the given fungal strains is not tested routinely. The paper presented is an approach to such a procedure. Methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values obtained using the dilution method were compared with the diameters of growth inhibition zones using the disk-diffusion method. Seven antifungal drugs (graiseofulvin, natamycin, naftifine, clotrimazole, bifonazole, miconazole, ketoconazole) were tested with 80 fungal strains, including Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, and Epidermophyton floccosum. Results. The majority of fungal strains were inhibited by griseofulvin at concentrations not exceeding 10 mg/L. The least susceptible was T. mentagrophytes. The most effective drug was naftifine, and the least effective was natamycin. Naftifine inhibited 98.75% of the strains tested at a concentration not exceeding 1.0 mg/L. An increase of the MIC value was accompanied by a decrease in the growth inhibition diameter. The relation was statistically significant. Conclusions. T. rubrum strains are more susceptible to antifungal drugs than T. mentagrophytes. Naftifine proved to be the most effective drug in dermatophytoses. Natamycin is a useful drug against yeast-like fungi but not against dermatophytes. The disk-diffusion method of fungal susceptibility assessment yields data consistent with results obtained from the dilution method and is recommended for routine use because of its simplicity.     

COMPARISON OF THE ACTIVITIES OF FOUR ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS IN AN IN VITRO MODEL OF DERMATOPHYTE NAIL INFECTION

Background:

Onychomycosis is a difficult condition to treat and cure rates are disappointing. Moreover fungicidal action of antifungal agents in NCCLS assays and their rapid accumulation in nails in vivo are not compatible with the duration of treatment.

Aims:

This study aimed to find the effectiveness of 4 different antifungal agents in an in vitro model with some similarities to in vivo conditions.

Materials and Methods:

Strains of Trichophyton rubrum I-III, Trichophyton mentagrophytes (usual form), Trichophyton mentagrophytes 73, Epidermophyton Flucosom, Microsporum Canis, and Trichophyton Schoenleini which were isolated from the nails of patients, were hired. Inocula suspensions were prepared from 7 to 14 day-old cultures of dermatophytes. Antifungal agents including fluconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin were obtained as standard powders. For each antifungal agent, initial MIC was calculated by registering the optical density for 10 two-fold serially diluted forms which was incubated with diluted fungal suspensions with RPMI 1640. Human nail powder inoculated with different strains and incubated in RPMI 1640 and different concentrations of antifungal drugs for 4 weeks. Final MIC at different steps of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks were investigated.

Results:

The final MIC that resulted from the incubation of dermatophytes with nail powder was much more than the initial which was concluded from conventional MIC assay. Terbinafine had the lowest rate of initial and final MICs.

Conclusion:

The model described here may present more similar conditions to clinical fungal infections; therefore the results such as MIC may be more helpful for hiring the most effective antifungal agent.     

THE EFFECT OF CLINDAMYCIN IN ACNE-A CLINICAL AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATION

Summary.— Skin surface lipid composition and sebum excretion rate were determined before and after one and 2 months of therapy in patients taking clindamycin for severe acne vulgaris. All patients showed marked clinical improvement. Clindamycin produced a significant reduction in skin surface free fatty acids and a significant reciprocal increase in skin surface triglycerides after one and 2 months of therapy. There was no significant change in the sebum excretion rate. These results support the hypothesis that free fatty acids are important in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris.     

七种中草药对白念珠菌体外粘附作用的影响及电镜观察

用间接免疫荧光法(IIF)观察了七种中草药对白念珠菌(CA)体外粘附于口腔粘膜上皮细胞(BEC)上的影响。结果显示,经七种抗真菌中草药分别预处理BEC、CA孢子、BEC-孢子混悬液后,均使CA孢子粘附于BEC的作用受到不同程度的抑制,以飞龙掌血、马尾黄连和罗锅底的抑粘附作用较强。电镜下观察到,飞龙掌血和心不干对CA有明显的破坏作用,但有些受损的CA孢子仍粘附于BEC,仅飞龙掌血预处理后的BEC表面无CA粘附,提示飞龙掌血具有抗CA和抑CA粘附的双重作用,具有临床实用价值,值得进一步研究。     

黄花油抗致病性真菌的实验研究

黄花油是抗疟药青篙素生产过程中残余物质经淬取提纯而得的棕黄色油质液体,经我们实验研究,发现其具有较强的抗浅部致病性真菌作用.在0.25%浓度时,对所有皮肤癣菌有抑菌作用;在1%浓度时,对所有皮肤癣菌有杀菌作用.因而,本药值得我们在临床上进一步试用.     

乙酰水杨酸酊外用治疗真菌病的研究

作者等发现乙酞水杨酸在试管中具有较强的抗真菌作用,对常见8种皮肤癣菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.5-0.09mg/ml,对白念珠菌及申克氏抱子丝菌为1mg/ml.我们选用5%或10%乙酰水杨酸酊治疗了259例皮肤真菌病.一般情况下,体、股癣选用5配剂,而对手、足癣则应用10%为宜,总治愈率为92.66%.诸种癣疾中体、股癣收效佳,治愈率分别为91.42%, 96.25%.本可剂不但疗效好且副作用小.     

肟康唑的实验及临床研究

本文报告我国首次试制成的抗真菌咪唑类新药——肟康唑的抗真菌作用及临床治疗212例体股癣及足癣患者.实验研究证明对24种常见致病性真菌除皮炎着色真菌及3种均霉外,均有一定的抗真菌作用,对絮状表皮癣菌、高里氏念珠菌分别在1μg/ml及0.51μg/ml时即有抗菌作用.临床试用124例体股癣的治愈率达90.32%,治疗88例足癣的近期治愈率达89.78%.