青蒿油搽剂抗真菌作用实验及疗效观察

本文报告了青蒿油对6种真菌的抗真菌作用和治疗皮肤癣菌病的临床疗效。其最低抑菌浓度为:红色毛癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌为0.0625%,大脑样毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌0.25%,石膏样毛癣菌0.5%,白念珠菌为2%。以5%青蒿油搽剂治疗皮肤真菌病44例、2%咪康唑霜治疗31例及60%DISO(二甲基亚砜为基质剂)治疗30例,其治愈率分别为77.%、67.7%及26.7%。     

开远地区10年浅部真菌及病原菌种类分析

目的为掌握开远地区的浅部真菌病情况及病原菌菌种分布特点。方法对临床拟诊浅部真菌病的患者3358人次，取标本行10％KOH涂片镜检、分离培养及菌种鉴定。分析浅部真菌病的发病情况。结果直接涂片查见菌丝和／或孢子的2249份，阳性率67％。培养出真菌1356株，阳性率40．4％。其中红色毛癣菌754株、须癣毛癣菌154株、念珠菌210株、犬小孢子菌62株、铁锈色小孢子菌104株、石膏样小孢子菌18株、疣状毛癣菌14株、玫瑰色毛癣菌2株、紫色毛癣菌2株、断发毛癣菌4株。结论开远地区的浅部真菌病病原菌以红色毛癣菌为优势菌，其次为念珠菌，再次为须癣毛癣菌。     

昆明地区浅部真菌病病原菌的分离研究

本文报告了自1980年1月至1982年12月在昆明地区培养探索出的浅部真菌病病原菌的结果;从614例患者中一共分离出病原菌382株,共计10种真菌.阳性率为62.21%.当前昆明地区浅部真菌病的病原菌以红色毛癣菌和石膏样毛癣菌为最多见.脓癣的主要病原菌为石膏样毛癣菌,而平滑皮肤癣病则以红色毛癣菌为最多.此外,本文还就本地区皮肤癣菌病病原茵主要菌种与国内其他一些地区进行了比较.     

昆明地区2011-2020年儿童浅部真菌病临床与病原菌分析

目的 分析昆明地区儿童浅部真菌病临床特征与病原菌变迁,为我国儿童真菌病流行病学研究及该类疾病的诊治提供更详实的数据。方法 对昆明医科大学第一附属医院皮肤科门诊2011年1月-2020年12月确诊为浅部真菌病的儿童病例进行回顾性分析。结果 2011-2020年共确诊儿童浅部真菌病1 409例,其中体股癣610例(43.29%),足癣220例(15.61%),头癣207例(14.69%),马拉色菌相关感染175例(12.42%),皮肤念珠菌病78例(5.54%),甲真菌病77例(5.46%),手癣42例(2.98%)。培养分离出致病真菌537株,其中马拉色菌175株(32.59%),红色毛癣菌132株(24.59%),须癣毛癣菌93株(17.32%),念珠菌78株(14.53%),铁锈色小孢子菌36株(6.70%),红酵母15株(2.80%),石膏样小孢子菌4株(0.74%),羊毛状小孢子菌4株(0.74%)。结论 昆明地区近十年儿童浅部真菌病中体癣最为常见,主要致病菌为须癣毛癣菌和红色毛癣菌,与前十年研究相比,头癣不再是儿童最常见的浅部真菌病。     

湖北地区1132例铁路职工浅部真菌病及病原菌种类分析

目的:了解湖北地区铁路职工浅部真菌病的流行状况及病原菌分布,为临床治疗提供参考。方法:收集1 132例湖北地区铁路职工浅部真菌病患者的标本共1 293例,对真菌涂片阳性的浅部真菌病标本进行分离培养、菌种鉴定。结果:共分离培养出红色毛癣菌685株(53.00%)、须癣毛癣菌333株(25.75%)、犬小孢子菌31株(2.40%)、铁锈色小孢子菌37株(2.86%)、絮状表皮癣菌8株(0.62%)、石膏样小孢子菌8株(0.62%)、紫色毛癣菌6株(0.46%)、玫瑰毛癣菌6株(0.46%)、断发毛癣菌11株(0.85%)、念珠菌168株(12.99%)。结论:1 132例湖北地区铁路职工浅部真菌病患者中,红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌、念珠菌为检出比例最高的前三种菌种,念珠菌所占比例有增高趋势。     

脓癣63例临床分析

目的探讨引起脓癣的病原真菌菌种和治疗方法。方法对2005年1月。2010年12月在我科治疗的63例脓癣的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果63例脓癣的病原真菌为：须癣毛癣菌35株、犬小孢子菌23株、石膏样小孢子菌5株,所有患者经抗真菌联合小剂量糖皮质激素治愈。结论脓癣的病原真菌以须癣毛癣菌最常见。其次为犬小孢子菌和石膏样小孢子菌,抗真菌联合小剂量糖皮质激素治疗效果好。     

Biolog微生物自动分析系统建立六种皮肤癣菌的鉴定数据库

目的 探讨Biolog微生物自动分析系统鉴定皮肤癣菌的应用前景。 方法 采用表型及DNA测序的方法,将临床收集的菌株鉴定至种;选取红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌、断发毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌、石膏样小孢子菌和絮状表皮癣菌6种常见皮肤癣菌接种于FF微量板,记录皮肤癣菌对95种不同碳源的利用情况,描述其各自的生长反应谱,建立鉴定数据库。结果 6种皮肤癣菌对一些碳源的利用具有明显的差别,通过是否利用棉子糖可以将须癣毛癣菌、断发毛癣菌同其他4种毛癣菌进行区分;而葵二酸可以区分须癣毛癣菌、断发毛癣菌;通过延胡索酸和琥珀酸可以将红色毛癣菌同石膏样小孢子菌、絮状表皮癣菌和犬小孢子菌进行区分;通过是否利用丙氨酸和苯丙氨酸可以对石膏样小孢子菌进行鉴定。而糊精的利用可以区分絮状表皮癣菌和犬小孢子菌。结论 Biolog微生物鉴定系统采用一种特殊的表型鉴定方法,可以对常见皮肤癣菌进行鉴定。     

万博节皮菌感染引起的头皮脓癣1例

正脓癣是相对少见的儿童皮肤癣菌感染,主要由亲动物性或亲人性的小孢子菌属和毛癣菌属感染,如犬小孢子菌、石膏样小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌、断发毛癣菌等[1-3],此类皮肤癣菌感染可引起宿主强烈变态反应,主要表现为头皮脱发和毛囊性脓疱,可融合成痈状脓肿,愈合后可形成瘢痕及永久性脱发,严重影响患儿的身心健康。我们报告1例由患体癣的宠物兔引起的儿童脓癣,并进行菌种分型鉴定及临床诊治,随访。     

某些皮肤癣菌凝集素结合形式

我们采用凝集素ＡＢＣ组织化学染色方法对１４种皮肤癣菌的凝集素糖基受体进行了检测，结果报道如下。一、材料和方法１．菌种：红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌、断发毛癣菌、马类毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌、铁锈色小孢子菌、石膏样小孢子菌、絮状表皮癣菌均为本科真菌室保存菌种；紫色...     

应用AP-PCR鉴定浅部真菌病病原菌菌种

目的研究应用任意引物聚合酶链反应(AP-PCR)对浅部真菌病病原菌进行分子生物学鉴定的意义。方法应用OPAA11(5′-ACCCGACCTG-3′),OPAA17(5′-GAGCCCGACT-3′),OPD18(5′-GAGAGC-CAAC-3′)和OPU15(5′-ACGGGCCAGT-3′)四种随机引物,随机扩增从浅部真菌病患者的皮屑或甲屑标本中提取的真菌DNA。结果从各标本提取所得的红色毛癣菌、许兰毛癣菌、紫色毛癣菌、犬小孢子菌、絮状表皮癣菌及石膏样小孢子菌DNA经OPAA11,OPAA17,OPD18或OPU15扩增后,产生的电泳带型在不同菌种间存在明显差异。结论 AP-PCR对于浅部真菌病病原菌的鉴定具有诊断价值。     

Tinea versicolor of the face in black children in a temperate region

Tinea versicolor is a common superficial fungal infection that typically affects young adults in warm, humid climates. We describe two young black children in the temperate northeastern Ohio area with tinea versicolor limited to the face. The occurrence of tinea versicolor on the face is unusual, as is its appearance before puberty. The mycologic and pathophysiologic characteristics of tinea versicolor infection are discussed, and several hypothesis are offered to explain the presence of tinea versicolor in these patients.     

Local oxidative stress in interdigital tinea pedis

Several skin diseases are believed to be associated with oxidative stress. Tinea pedis is an infection of the feet caused by fungi. The infectious diseases caused by dermatophytes are mainly related to the enzymes produced by these fungi. The cutaneous oxidative stress status of tinea pedis has not been demonstrated in the published work up to now. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in affected skin areas in a group of patients with interdigital tinea pedis. Thirty‐one consecutive patients with a diagnosis of unilateral interdigital tinea pedis were enrolled. The samples were obtained by scraping the skin surface. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde levels were measured spectrophotometrically. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the levels of malondialdehyde were significantly higher on the lesional area than the non‐lesional area (P < 0.001). According to sex and fungal subtypes, there was no significant difference in the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with tinea pedis (P > 0.05). Our results suggested that antioxidant defense of lesional skin surface was higher compared to non‐lesional skin. This is possibly due to a compensatory response to various fungal infections and thereby protects the cells against oxidative damage.     

Survey on the epidemiology of Microsporum canis infections in Crete, Greece over a 5-year period

BACKGROUND: Microsporum canis is a frequent cause of tinea capitis and tinea corporis in Europe and especially in the Mediterranean area. Objective This study was undertaken to examine the epidemiologic features of all cases of M. canis infections recorded in Crete, Greece, during a 5-year period (1994-1998). METHODS: The epidemiology of 111 cases of dermatophytoses due to M. canis was analyzed according to the sex, age, origin of the infection, place of residence, body site affected, and seasonal progression. RESULTS: M. canis constituted 24.5% of all dermatophytes isolated during the study period. Women were more frequently affected than men (54%), and infections were most prevalent in patients up to the age of 9 years (46.8%). Cats were identified as the commonest source of the infection (82%). As regarding the place of residence, most of the infected patients came from rural areas (64.9%). The commonest sites of M. canis infection (in decreasing order of frequency) were: the head, the lower extremities, the trunk, and the upper extremities. The greatest number of cases were seen in September and December. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study indicate that M. canis infections have gradually decreased in recent years in this geographic area. Eradication requires elimination of the natural source of the infection, represented mainly by stray animals.     

Tinea pedis and erythrasma in Danish recruits: Clinical signs, prevalence, incidence, and correlation to atopy

Prior to military service, 665 recruits were examined clinically and microbiologically for tinea pedis and erythrasma and 546 of these were reexamined at the end of military service. The prevalence of clinical signs, erythrasma, and dermatophyte infection at the first investigation was 58.8%, 51.3%, and 6.2%, respectively, and at the second investigation, 81.1%, 77.1%, and 7.0%, respectively. The incidence of tinea pedis was 4.2% during the 9 months of military service. Of those infected at the first visit 41% had persistent infection mainly due to Trichophyton rubrum, whereas new infections were largely caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Some of those persistently infected had signs of chronicity at the follow-up visit, indicating that chronic dermatophytosis may become established in the early twenties. The prevalence of atopy was 15.0% in all the recruits but was almost 50% in those with persistent tinea pedis.     

Characteristics of superficial fungal infections in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia

Background The prevalence and characteristics of superficial fungal infections (SFIs) vary with climatic conditions, lifestyle, and population migration patterns. This study was undertaken to determine the characteristics of SFIs amongst patients visiting the dermatology clinic of Riyadh Military Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during the period 2003–2005. Methods One hundred and nineteen patients with confirmed SFI (37 males and 82 females), aged between 5 months and 67 years, were included in this study. The diagnosis of SFI was based on clinical presentation confirmed by laboratory analysis. The type of mycotic pathogen and the site of infection were recorded as a function of age and sex. Results Onychomycosis (40.3%) was the most frequent infection, followed by tinea capitis (21.9%), tinea pedis (16%), tinea cruris (15.1%), and tinea corporis (6.7%). Tinea capitis was most prevalent (15.1%) in children (male to female ratio, 1 : 1.57), whereas tinea pedis was most common (11.8%) in adults (male to female ratio, 1 : 2.5). Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum canis were the most common dermatophytes responsible for tinea infections, and T. mentagrophytes, Candida spp., and Aspergillus spp. were mainly responsible for onychomycosis. Conclusion The prevalence of SFI was twofold greater in females than males. Children were most commonly affected by tinea capitis, whereas adults generally suffered from tinea pedis. The frequency of onychomycosis was nearly three times higher in adults. This study clearly shows that SFIs are of concern in both genders and in all age groups.     

手足癣并发感染236例临床分析

目的分析手足癣并发感染患者流行病学和临床特点,探讨手癣和足癣的联系。方法在某皮肤病专科医院真菌检验室收集0．5年内所有同时诊断患有手癣和足癣的患者,分析其流行病学和临床特点,分离不同部位致病菌并鉴定到菌种。结果236例患者中88．4％具有手足搔抓习惯,78．0％的患者搔抓手与发病手相符合,手足接触习惯可能与足癣发病相关（χ2=65．451,P=0．000）。94％以上的患者不同部位致病菌为同一菌种。结论手足癣患者中,搔抓习惯导致不同部位问菌株的传播。无论是“两足一手”还是“两足两手”都是致病菌在手部和足部间相互传染的结果,是皮肤癣菌病的特殊临床表现。     

Palmoplantar lesions in psoriatic patients and their relation to inverse psoriasis, tinea infection and contact allergy

One hundred and seven psoriatics with palmoplantar involvement were clinically examined. They were selected from 921 patients filed in 1976 with the diagnosis psoriasis. Fifty per cent of the patients with palmoplantar psoriasis had flexural changes. The frequency of palmar involvement in patients with inverse psoriasis compared to patients with psoriasis vulgaris was increased 5.3 times. Pustulosis palmoplantaris (PPP) in addition to psoriasis was diagnosed in 18 patients (17%). A dermatophyte infection was observed in 1 of 48 patients examined for tinea infection. Positive patch tests were obtained in 8 of 47 patients, 7 of whom had more than one test reaction. The result gives no evidence of tinea infection and contact allergy as important factors in maintaining palmoplantar psoriasis.     

Tinea capitis in Benghazi, Libya

BACKGROUND: Tinea capitis is a worldwide problem. It affects mainly school age children. Late detection and improper treatment of the inflammatory type of this disease may result in disfigurement and permanent alopecia. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, clinical types, and causative species of tinea capitis in Benghazi, Libya. METHODS: One hundred and ninety six patients with tinea capitis were enrolled in this study. Hair stumps and scales were collected from every case and exposed to direct microscopic examination using 10% potassium hydroxide solution, and cultivation on modified Sabouraud's dextrose agar with cyclohexamide and chloramphenicol. RESULTS: Tinea capitis accounts for 45% of all superficial fungal infection and 92% occurred in children below the age of 10 years. The gray patch type was the most common clinical variety (53.6%), followed by black dots, seborrhoid type, and kerion (25.5%, 10.2%, and 8.2%), respectively. Four patients with a clinical picture of alopecia areata-like lesion and one patient with a favus-type lesion were seen. Species identification revealed that Trichophyton violaceum was the most common causative agent, responsible for 49.4% of infection, followed by Microsporum canis (38.6%) and T. verrucosum (7.8%). From seven patients the isolate was a mixture of both T. violaceum and M. canis. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a dramatic decrease in the incidence of favus with complete disappearance of T. schoenleinii. T. verrucosum as a causative agent of tinea capitis in this area has been reported for the first time in this study.     

头癣117例临床分析

目的了解南昌地区头癣临床特点及病原菌构成情况。方法收集本院真菌科真菌直接镜检阳性头癣患者,记录其临床特点,并收集病发进行真菌培养和病原菌鉴定,包括菌种。结果共收集117例头癣患者,主要由未成年人组成(≤18岁者103例)。临床类型以黑点癣为主,81例,其次为:脓癣28例,白癣5例,黄癣3例。病原菌构成:紫色毛癣菌68株,须癣毛癣菌17株,断发毛癣菌17株,红色毛癣菌9株,许兰毛癣菌3株,石膏样小孢子菌1株,羊毛状小孢子菌1株,光滑念珠菌1株。结论南昌地区头癣以儿童多见,临床多表现为黑点癣,致病优势菌为毛癣菌属,存在地区差异。     

Course of the dermatophytic spectrum in tinea capitis. Apropos of 124 cases seen in Bordeaux

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of tinea capitis in the Bordeaux area (Dermatology Unit of the H?pital des Enfants, Bordeaux) during a 6-year period (January, 1979 to December, 1984). Dermatophytic infection of the hair was proven by culture in 124 patients, 21 of whom had a negative potassium hydroxide direct examination. Age and sex distribution are shown in figure 1. One case was observed in a 15 days old infant, and 4 cases in adult females (3 young black mothers of affected children, 1 elderly white woman). Table I indicates the geographical origin of the patients and the isolates identified. The incidence of anthropophilic dermatophytes has increased from 13 p. 100 to 50 p. 100 since our previous survey (1975-1978). M. langeronii (29 cases), T. soudanense (19 cases) and T. violaceum (10 cases) were isolated mostly among African immigrants from Western tropical Africa and the Maghreb. However, 4 children of French origin without any history of previous sojourn in endemic areas developed tinea capitis due to M. langeronii; the source of contamination could not be determined. Zoophilic dermatophyte infection was mainly caused by M. canis (50 cases), with cats being the most frequent source of contamination. Family cases were frequent: 64 corresponding to 28 families. This may be due to either interhuman contamination or the presence of a contact pet animal in the family. The discussion is focused on: the shift in dermatophytic isolates from tinea capitis toward anthropophilic species, notably M. langeronii, mainly caused by an increased immigration from West Africa; the relevant clinical and mycological correlations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)