ICP-MS和FAAS法测定南昌市近郊儿童全血中9种元素含量

目的了解南昌市近郊儿童全血中9种元素含量,为预防儿童重金属中毒和评估儿童营养状况提供依据。方法采集南昌市近郊3所小学8岁~10岁共176名儿童肘静脉血,用ICP-MS和FAAS测定其全血中钙、铁、锌、锰、硒、铜、铅、砷、镉的含量。结果分析方法的线性相关系数均在0.999以上,相对标准偏差为2.1%~5.6%,加标回收率为85%~112%。全血中矿物元素含量低于正常参考值范围下限的发生率分别为血钙55.7%,血铁22.7%,血锌30.1%,血铜13.6%;铅中毒率(≥100μg/L)为17.6%,男童血铅含量高于女童(P0.05)。结论分析结果准确可靠,全血中钙、铁、铜、锌等矿物元素在南昌市近郊儿童中有一定比例的缺乏,要注意合理膳食和饮食卫生。     

施工部队头发中八种矿物元素的营养调查

应用原子吸收光谱测定施工部队120例头发样品中铜、锌、锰、铁、铬、镍、钙和镁八种矿物元素的含量。结果表明头发中矿物元素的含量随季节变化,伙食单位不同亦有明显差异。春季发样中锰、铜、铁、铬、镍和钙的含量都比秋季发中含量低,相反镁含量却高出一倍。锌的变化不明显。本次实验头发镁含量异常高,施工部队是否与吸入粉尘有关,值得进一步研究。     

75例正常中孕胎儿6脏器组织、胎盘及母血10种元素含量

对７５例正常中孕胎儿６脏器组织、胎盘及母血１０种元素即铁、铜、锌、钙、铬、钴、锂、锰、铝和硒含量进行测定以探讨上述元素与胎儿生长发育关系。     

人乳的微量元素研究

用日本岛津ＡＡ─６７０型原子吸收分光光度仪以ＡＡＳＦ法对人乳中不同泌乳期的铜、铁、锌、钙、镁、锰、铬七种元素进行了测定，以牛乳为对照组。结果表明：人乳中锌、铜、镁三种元素随着泌乳期的延长其含量逐渐下降；铬、铁两种元素在不同泌乳期中变化不大；锰则随着泌乳期的延长其含量逐渐增加；钙在初乳中的含量明显高于过渡乳，但低于成熟乳。     

血微、常量元素水平与儿童支气管哮喘的相关性研究

【目的】 观察支气管哮喘患儿全血锌、铁、钙、镁、铜、铅、锰、硒等微、常量元素含量的变化,并探讨其在支气管哮喘发病机制中的意义。 【方法】 采用原子吸收光谱法检测1 986例支气管哮喘患儿和856例正常对照组儿童全血锌、铁、钙、镁、铜、铅、锰、硒8种元素含量,并对检测结果作比较分析。 【结果】 支气管哮喘患儿组锌、铁和钙含量较正常对照组低,血铅含量较正常对照组高,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而铜、镁、硒、锰两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。在哮喘的急性发作期,血锌、钙含量低于缓解期(P＜0.05)。 【结论】 锌、铁、钙缺乏,铅暴露增加,是造成哮喘患儿免疫功能减低、免疫调节紊乱的重要原因,在治疗中需适当补充锌、铁、钙,减少铅暴露。     

锌、铜、铁、钙营养状况与高血压病的相关研究

对５２例高血压患者进行头发中锌、铜、铁、钙等１０种元素的含量测定，并同时测算相应膳食中锌、铜、铁、钙及蛋白质和热能的摄入量。结果表明：①高血压组发锌、铜、钙、硒、铬、锰、锶含量均低于健康组，发铁、铅含量则高于健康组。②高血压组膳食中锌、铜、钙、蛋白质的摄入量均明显低于健康组及ＲＤＡ标准，而铁及热能的摄入量则高于健康组及ＲＤＡ标准。③高血压组膳食中锌、铜、铁、钙的摄入量分别与相应发含量及蛋白和热能的摄入量呈显著性正相关。结果提示，高血压患者头发中锌、铜、铁、钙等元素含量可用来评价其营养状况。微量元素含量变化与高血压病的发生发展有密切关系。     

脊髓损伤并截瘫患者脑脊液中微量元素的测定

用质子诱发Ｘ－射线分析法测定脊髓损伤并截瘫患者行胚胎脊髓组织移植前后脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中微量元素锌、铁、铜、铬、铅、锰的含量。结果表明ＣＳＦ中锌、铬、铅含量患者术前及术后组均较对照组升高，铁含量患者术后组较术前组及对照组均升高。铜、锰含量各组之间无明显差别。     

严重烧伤病人微量元素的动态变化

目的：了解重度烧伤后血及２４ｈ尿中七种微量元素的变化规律。方法：选择烧伤面积，３０％的病人１０例，动态测定伤后至创面基本愈合时血、２４ｈ尿中锌、铜，铁、钼、硒、铬的浓度，同时选择未烧伤者３９例正常对照组。结果：２４ｈ尿中七种元素排泄量均增加，血锌明显下降，铜、铬、钼水平增加、铁、硒、锰未见明显变化。结论：严重烧伤后微量元素代谢发生较大变化，但是否需要补充及何时补充仍值得探讨。     

荞麦不同组成部分中金属元素含量及分析

目的：测定荞麦不同组成部分茎、叶、花中金属元素（铜、铁、锌、钙、锶、硒、锰、铅、砷、汞、镉）的含量。方法：原子吸收分光光度法及原子荧光分光光度法。结果：荞麦茎中铜、铁、锌、锶、硒、锰、砷、镉均高于叶和花;荞麦叶中钙、铅、汞明显高于茎和花。结论：荞麦茎、叶、花中铅含量较高均超过国家标准;砷、镉、汞无超标现象。     

原子吸收光谱法测定水果中10种元素含量及分布

目的调查水果中锌、铜、钾、钙、镁、锰、铅、镉、铬和硒10种元素含量分布情况。方法采用湿法消解水果样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法检测水果中的锌、铜、钾、钙、镁和锰的含量,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测铅、镉、铬和硒的含量。结果 10种元素在水果中各部位的分布有比较大的差异。葡萄、干枣和木瓜中铅含量接近于污染物浓度限量,但没有超过标准。国光苹果、梨、干枣和圣女果中铬的含量都超标。国光苹果、香蕉、梨、干枣、木瓜和柚子中均不同程度检出硒,但没有超过污染物浓度限量。葡萄和干枣中的铜含量超过标准。锌的含量没有超过标准。木瓜中钙含量最高,干枣中镁和锰含量最高。干枣、柚子和圣水果中含钾较高。结论水果果籽中各种元素含量最高,果肉中含量最低。果皮中各种元素含量比果肉中高。     

Macro- and microelements in canned sprats

The content of macro- and microelements and toxic metals in the most popular canned sprat was described in this paper. The research included the following canned sprat: sprat in tomato, smoked and steamed sprat in oil. The following analyses were carried out: content of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, chromium, selenium, fluorine, iodine, cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic. Fluorine, iodine, selenium, and calcium and phosphorous are provided to customer organism in large amount by canned sprat, however canned sprat cannot be considered as a source of copper, chromium, and manganese. On the base of assessment data one canned sprat (weight 170 g) provides to customer organism more than 50% recommended daily intake of calcium and phosphorus, 85-233% fluorine, 62.5% iodine, 43% recommended selenium, more than 25% zinc, about 15% daily intake of magnesium, potassium and iron. It was found that all of the analyzed canned sprat contained relatively low content of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic, thus confirming the established safety standards.     

老年痴呆女性患者血液中九种化学元素分布特征与其患病关系的探讨

目的了解老年性痴呆（AD）女性患者血液中相关化学元素的含量和分布特点，以及不同元素水平与AD发（患）病关系。方法现况调查和病例对照研究相结合，整群随机抽取南昌洪都4个社区，≥60岁女性1500人调查，并检测部分确诊的AD和非AD者血中9种化学元素。结果洪都社区AD总患病率5．47％，AD人群的血Al、Cu、Mn、Cd含量均高于对照组（P〈0．05），而血Zn、Se、Cr含量低于非AD人群（P〈0．01）。病例对照研究的logistic回归提示，Al为AD的危险因素（OR=3．327），Zn和Se为AD的保护因素（OR分别为0．218，0．253）。结论南昌市洪都社区女性AD患病率处中等水平，AD患者血液中Zn、Se、Cr含量普遍较低，而Al、Cu、Mn、Cd含量较高。血Al含量高，提示为AD的危险因素，血Zn、Se含量高提示为保护性因素。     

Mineral elements content in smoked fish

The content of macroelements (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium potassium and sodium) and microelements (copper, zinc, iron, manganese, chromium, selenium, fluorine and iodine) in the following smoked fish: sprat, mackerel, salmon, smoked herring and trout were determined. The most of calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper and manganese contain smoked sprat. The amount of calcium in fish's remaining species is considerably lower, and phosphorus approximated to his content in sprat. The selenium and the fluorine occur on approximate level in all examined fish, however the amount of iodine was diverse but high. Smoked salmon and trout contain the most iodine, and the least smoked herring, sprat and mackerel. Contribution of fish in the recommended daily intake for mineral elements was estimated.     

孕产妇初乳及外周血矿物质含量及相关性分析

目的了解孕产妇初乳及外周血矿物质含量及其相关性。方法选取2019年5月在首都医科大学附属复兴医院生产的80名孕产妇为研究对象,收集其初乳及外周血。后采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱及原子荧光光谱测定其中9种矿物质含量,后利用SPSS 21.0探讨初乳中矿物质间及其与外周血之间的相关性。结果检测的9种矿物质中,初乳钠、钾、铁、镁、锌、铜、硒及锰含量低于外周血(P<0.05),而钙含量[(259.56±7.99)μg/mL]高于外周血[(32.76±3.31)μg/mL](P<0.05);钠、铁及硒与其在外周血含量呈显著正相关性(钠:r=0.272,P=0.019;铁:r=0.271,P=0.020;硒:r=0.341,P=0.003);同时初乳中一些矿物质之间亦存在显著相关性,如钾与锰(r=-0.236,P=0.043)、钾与镁(r=0.400,P<0.001)、钠与硒(r=0.509,P<0.001)、钙与铁(r=0.251,P=0.031)、镁与铜(r=0.395,P=0.001)及锌与硒(r=0.310,P=0.007)。结论研究结果提示某些矿物质元素可通过各种转运机制从血到母乳,实现积累效应;且该类元素间亦存在某些交互作用,可见维持母乳中各种矿物质元素间的动态平衡对于子代健康是非常重要的。     

Biliary and urinary excretion of metals in humans

Fifteen metals (lead, cadmium, arsenic, inorganic mercury, organic mercury, iron, manganese, magnesium, chromium, zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, tin, and aluminum) were determined in the hepatic bile and urine collected simultaneously from three Japanese individuals (2 males, 1 female). The presence of these metals was classified as follows: hepatic biliary concentrations were higher than urinary concentrations (lead, arsenic, and iron); urinary concentrations were higher than hepatic biliary concentrations (cadmium, inorganic mercury, tin, cobalt, magnesium, chromium, copper, zinc, and nickel); hepatic biliary concentrations were almost equal to urinary concentrations (manganese and organic mercury); and relationship between hepatic biliary and urinary concentrations changed occasionally (aluminum). Eight essential metals (iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, chromium, copper, nickel, and cobalt) were detected at considerable concentrations in hepatic bile. Accounting for the daily flow volume of hepatic bile and the reabsorption of these metals, the supplementation of these metals should occur during treatment of diseases accompanied by loss of hepatic bile.     

Concentration, Distribution, and Comparison of Selected Trace Elements in Bed Sediment and Fish Tissue in the South Platte River Basin, USA, 1992–1993

During August–November 1992 and August 1993, bed sediment and fish liver were sampled in the South Platte River Basin and analyzed for 45 elements in bed sediment and 19 elements in fish liver. The results for aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, selenium, silver, uranium, and zinc are presented here. All 12 trace elements were detected in bed sediment, but not all were detected in fish liver or in all species of fish. A background concentration of trace elements in bed sediment was calculated using the cumulative frequency curves of trace element concentrations at all sites. Arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, silver, uranium, and zinc concentrations were greater than background concentrations at sites in mining areas or at sites that have natural sources of these elements. Trace element concentrations in fish liver generally did not follow the same patterns as concentrations in bed sediment, although concentrations of aluminum and cadmium were higher in fish liver collected at mountain sites that had been disturbed by mining. Concentrations of aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, silver, and zinc increased in bed sediments in urban areas. Iron, silver, and zinc concentrations in fish liver also increased in urban areas. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, silver, and zinc in fish liver increased in the agricultural areas of the basin. Downstream changes in trace element concentrations may be the result of geological changes in addition to changes in land use along the river. Received: 5 April 1996/Revised: 27 July 1996     

ICP-AES测定花粉中10种微量元素的方法研究

目的建立花粉中10种微量元素的测定方法。方法采用微波消解法处理样品,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱化(ICP-AES)法测定铬、锌、铜、锰、砷、铁、铅、镉、硒和铝10种微量金属元素。结果 ICP-AES——微波消解法回收率为:93.2%～107.8%,相对标准偏差为1.58%～3.44%。结论 ICP-AES——微波消解法具有简便、快速、准确等特点,适用于花粉中10种微量金属的测定。     

Determination of Urinary Trace Elements (Arsenic,Copper, Cadmium,Manganese, Lead,Zinc, Selenium) in Patients with Blackfoot Disease

To determine the relationship of arsenic, copper, cadmium, manganese, lead, zinc and selenium to Blackfoot disease (BFD, a peripheral vascular disorder endemic to areas of Taiwan, which has been linked to arsenic in drinking water) the authors measured the amount of these substances in urine from BFD patients, using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results indicate significantly higher amounts of urinary arsenic, copper, cadmium, manganese, and lead for BFD patients than for normal controls, also significantly lower urinary zinc and selenium.     

Determination of urinary trace elements (arsenic, copper, cadmium, manganese, lead, zinc, selenium) in patients with Blackfoot disease

To determine the relationship of arsenic, copper, cadmium, manganese, lead, zinc and selenium to Blackfoot disease (BFD, a peripheral vascular disorder endemic to areas of Taiwan, which has been linked to arsenic in drinking water) the authors measured the amount of these substances in urine from BFD patients, using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results indicate significantly higher amounts of urinary arsenic, copper, cadmium, manganese, and lead for BFD patients than for normal controls, also significantly lower urinary zinc and selenium.