广东汉族人群HLA-Cw基因多态性分析

检测HLA Cw在广东汉族人群中的基因频率 ,与其他人群进行比较 ,分析该人群HLA Cw等位基因多态性及其特点。骨髓移植供者 15 8例 ,抗凝血提取DNA ,半量全自动PCR RSSO分型检测Cw。结果显示 ,广东汉族人群HLA Cw基因频率分布由高至低依次为 :Cw 0 3(0 2 5 80 ) >Cw 0 7(0 1887) >Cw 0 1(0 1732 ) >Cw 0 8(0 10 70 ) >Cw 14 (0 0 6 5 4 ) >Cw 0 4(0 0 5 87) >Cw 15 (0 0 4 5 3) >Cw 12 (0 0 387) >Cw 0 6 (0 0 32 2 ) >Cw 0 5 (0 0 12 7) >Cw 16 (0 0 0 32 )。Hardy Weinberg平衡检验 χ2 =6 0 35 ,υ =5 4 ,P >0 1。表明广东汉族群体Cw 0 3、 0 7、 0 1、 0 8出现频率较高 ,该人群Cw等位基因处于遗传平衡状态 ,具有较为丰富的多态性及特点。     

中国南方汉族人群HLA-Cw座位基因多态性分析

目的 分析中国南方汉族人群HLA－Cw座位基因多态性。方法 采用ARMS／PCR技术对60名随机选择的南方汉族健康个体作HLA－Cw基因分型。结果 共检出12种HLA－Cw等位基因或等位基因组（allele group)，其中HLA－Cw*07、＊01、＊03为该人群最常见HLA－Cw基因，频率之和为0．6932；证实该群体中HLA－Cw＊08频率为0．1056，检出率明显高于血清学分型；检出HLA－Cw*1202、＊1203、＊14、＊15等4种经典血清学分型不能鉴定的HLA－Cw基因，频率之和为0．0673。结论 提供了中国南方汉族人群HLA－Cw座位基因频率正常值，证实ARMS／PCR作HLA－Cw分型具有准确、快捷的优点。     

顺序特异性引物聚合酶链反应技术对HLA-DR DNA的分型

目的：应用顺序特异性引物聚合酶链反应技术(PCR—SSP)进行临床肾移植供受者HLA—DR位点DNA的分型。方法：设计并合成HLA—DR位点16对特异性引物和1对阳性对照引物，建立PCR—SSP法，对52份临床肾移植供受者的外周血淋巴细胞样本进行DR位点基因的分型。结果与微量PCR—SSP基因分型试剂盒分型方法比较。结果：所有临床样本的PCR—SSP基因分型均获得成功，结果与微量PCR—SSP基因分型试剂盒分型方法完全相同，分型时间3h，特异性和重复性100％。结论：应用合成引物为临床肾移植供受者进行HLA—DR位点PCR—SSP基因分型简便快捷，重复性好，适合于临床应用。     

HLA-Cw在广东汉族人群中的分布频率及其意义的初步分析

目的 :检测HLA Cw在广东汉族人群的分布频率 ,初步分析该人群中KIR与HLA Cw之间识别方式的特点及意义。方法 :骨髓移植供者 12 2例 ,ACD抗凝血提取DNA ,半量全自动PCR RSSO分型检测Cw。结果 :广东汉族人群HLA Cw基因频率分布由高至低依次为 :Cw 0 3(0 2 371) >Cw 0 7(0 2 15 9) >Cw 0 1(0 175 2 ) >Cw 0 8(0 112 9) >Cw 0 4 (0 0 5 0 5 ) >Cw 14、15(0 0 4 19) >Cw 12 (0 0 376 ) >Cw 0 6 (0 0 333) >Cw 0 5 (0 0 0 82 ) >Cw 16 (0 0 0 4 1)。第一组Cw 0 2 ,0 4 ,0 5 ,0 6识别KIR分子中2DL 2DSI;第二组Cw 0 1,0 3,0 7,0 8识别KIR分子中 2DL2 2DL3;2DS2 2DS3。两组分布频率相比有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :广东汉族人群HLA Cw 0 1,0 3,0 7,0 8出现频率较高 ,其与KIR的识别方式均属第二组。     

造血干细胞移植供受体人群HLA-Cw基因遗传多态性研究

目的调查了人类白细胞抗原（human leucocyte antigen，HLA）Cw位点在中国汉族人群中的等位基因分布规律，为进一步研究Cw位点的遗传特征提供背景资料。方法采用序列特异性引物扩增技术对1285名无关个体进行HLA-Cw基因特异性分析，并对其分布规律进行统计学分析。结果共检测到23种HLA-Cw位点的等位基因，其中HLA-Cw＊01、＊03、＊07、＊08为主要基因型，其基因频率分别为0．1529、0．2385、0．1747、0．1004，并检出HLA-Cw＊12、＊14、＊15、＊16、＊17等血清学方法不能鉴定的HLA-Cw基因；统计结果表明HLA-Cw位点的基因分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡（χ^2=73．74，df=98，P〉0．5）。结论本研究结果为中国汉族人群提供了一套较为完整HLA-Cw基因遗传学参数。     

云南彝族2型糖尿病与HLA-DQA1等位基因多态性的关联研究

目的探讨云南彝族2型糖尿病与HLA—DQA1等位基因多态性的关联性。方法采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物技术，对58例云南楚雄地区彝族2型糖尿病患者和同地区82名彝族正常对照者进行基因分型，做2型糖尿病与HLA—DQA1等位基因多态性的关联分析。结果云南彝族2型糖尿病组与彝族对照组比较，HLA-DQA1＊0301等位基因频率明显高于对照组（P=0．002，RR=3．097）；HLA—DQA1＊0601等位基因频率明显低于对照组（P=0．025，RR=0．429），差异有统计学意义。结论HLA—DQA1＊0301是云南彝族2型糖尿病的易感基因；HLA—OQAI＊0601是云南彝族2型糖尿病的保护基因。     

HLA-Cw基因的高分辨分型在造血干细胞移植中意义的初步探讨

目的研究HLA-Cw基因的高分辨分型在急性白血病非亲缘性造血干细胞移植中的意义。方法对中国造血干细胞捐献者资料库中提供的76例白血病患者（ALL21例、CML32例、AML23例），采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链反应（PCR—SSP）联合序列特异性寡核苷酸探针（PCR．SSOP）方法进行HLA高分辨分型。结果舭患者中HLA—Cw高分辨分型的常见位点：Cw＊0102、Cw＊0304、Cw＊0302、Cw＊0702、Cw＊0801；表型频率分别为0．57、0．33、0．19、0．14、0．14。ALL患者与志愿者相比其Cw＊0102、Cw＊0304的表型频率差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05；而Cw＊0302、Cw＊0702、Cw＊0801的表型频率无统计学意义，P〉0．05。7例ALL患者与供者HLA的10个位点全相合，占33．3％，mA-Cw全相合最常见的基因亚位点为Cw＊0102（4，7），次之为Cw＊0702（2／7）。CML患者中mA-Cw高分辨分型的常见位点：Cw＊0702、Cw＊0102、Cw＊0304、Cw＊0801、Cw＊0401、Cw＊0303；表型频率分别为0．41、0．34、0．22、0．19、0．16、0．13，这些基因位点与志愿者相比其表型频率均无统计学意义，P〉0．05。8例患者与供者的10个位点全相合，占25．0％，HLA—Cw全相合最常见的基因亚位点为Cw＊0702（5／8），次之为Cw＊0304（3／8）。在23例AML患者中4例与供者HLA的10个位点全相合患者均为M2型。结论在ALL患者中其Cw＊0102和Cw＊0304基因表型频率明显增高，有利于ALL患者寻找到相合位点的供体。HLA—Cw基因是造成移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）发生和影响移植效果的重要因素，在非亲缘性和单倍体移植中必须进行HLA-Cw基因的高分辨检测。     

广东汉族79例中iKIR及其HLA配体表达的初步分析

目的　探索杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样抑制性受体 (iKIR)及其人白细胞抗原 (HLA)配体在中国广东汉族人群中的分布。方法　对 79例广东汉族人 ,采用引物序列特异性扩增法检测其iKIR表型 ,HLA A、B、Cw表型。HLA A、B分型采用BiotestHLA分型 (SSP)试剂盒 ,HLA C分型采用半量全自动PCR SSO分型。结果　KIR2DL1、2DL2、2DL3、2DL4、2DL5、3DL1、3DL2、3DL3的表型频率分别为0 .87、0 .13、0 .5 2、1、0 .18、0 .94、1和 0 .99。个体 86 .1%表达 1种以上iKIR HLA配对 ,其中 3DL1 HLA Bw4配对表型频率为 6 9.6 % ,2DL2 C2为 4 3.0 % ,2DL1 C1为 16 .5 %。由于不表达HLA A3,该组人群中无 3DL2 HLA A3受体配体对。 13.9%人群缺乏iKIR HLA配对。结论　约 7/ 8的广东汉族个体表达1种以上iKIR HLA配对 ,以 3DL1 HLA Bw4配对为主 ;约 1/ 8个体缺乏已知的iKIR HLA配对。     

HIV感染与HLAⅠ类基因相关性的研究

目的　研究HIV感染与HLAⅠ类基因相关性 ,分析HLAⅠ类基因与HIV易感性及HIV感染者疾病进程的关系。方法　应用聚合酶链反应 序列特异性引物技术 (PCR SSP)检测 2 9例HIV感染者HLAⅠ类等位基因的特异性 ,从而确定HIV感染者的HLA分型。结果　在 2 9例HIV感染者中 ,HLA B35的等位基因频率较对照组明显增高 (B35 :Pc<0 .0 5 ,RR =5 .83)。结论　HIV感染者HLA B35的等位基因频率明显高于正常人 ,可能与HIV感染的易感性有关。     

西安地区HLA-B15、B40抗原多态性的分析

目的 :研究西安地区HLA B15及B4 0的分布特征。方法 :采用PCR/SSP及DynalPCR/SSOP分型方法 ,对西安地区 36 0 1份血样进行分型。结果 :36 0 1份西安地区血样中 ,HLA B15和B4 0基因的频率最高 ,两者合计占HLA B基因位点总数的5 7.91%。B15和B4 0的基因频率分别为 0 .14 83和 0 .14 14。B15、B4 0基因各位点基因频率在不同地区人群之间有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :西安地区人群中 ,HLA B15和B4 0基因的频率分布特征与其他地区人群存在差异     

HLA-C locus alleles distribution in patients from northern Poland with psoriatic arthritis--preliminary report

The aim of the study was to compare the frequency of human leucocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) locus alleles in patients with psoriatic arthritis and in healthy controls in the same ethnic group in Poland, and to correlate them with age of onset of psoriatic skin changes and joints symptoms. HLA-C locus alleles of 41 patients and 80 controls were determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) low-resolution method. The Cw*06 allele occurred more frequently (P adjusted for multiple comparison = 0.004) in patients with psoriatic arthritis than in controls. Patients who carried the HLA-Cw*06 allele had a significantly earlier mean age of onset of both psoriasis (P = 0.01) and arthritis (P = 0.008) compared with Cw*06-negative patients. Our results confirm the association between Cw*06 allele and psoriatic arthritis in the northern Poland population and suggest that the HLA-Cw*06 may determine not only the disease susceptibility, but also the age of onset of psoriatic arthritis.     

Comparison of typing results by serology and polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers for HLA-Cw in 650 individuals

HLA-Cw typing by standard serological techniques is associated with a high frequency of blanks, and reliable typing reagents for several of the Cw specificities are scarce. We evaluated the PCR-SSP technique for Cw typing in 370 kidney transplant patients and 280 healthy blood donors. Serological typing of all individuals was performed in our laboratory from 1995 to 1997 using commercially available tissue-typing trays. Comparison between serological and PCR-SSP typing revealed a discrepancy rate of 33.6% ( n = 94) in blood donors and 32.4% ( n =120) in kidney recipients. Incorrect antigen assignments occurred only rarely (3.6% of the blood donors and 3.2% of the kidney recipients). The vast majority of discrepancies were due to antigens that were not detected serologically. In 26 individuals no Cw antigen was detected by serological typing, whereas PCR-SSP showed 1 allele in 13 and 2 alleles in the other 13 cases. Another 269 individuals were typed serologically with one blank (presumably homozygous). Of these, only 108 were confirmed to be homozygous, whereas an additional Cw allele was found in the remaining 161 cases using the SSP technique. Most of the "missed" specificities (86.5%) were those for which serological reagents were not available (HLA-Cw*12-*17). The most commonly "missed" specificity was HLA-Cw*1203, which occurred in 13.9% of the healthy blood donors. These results indicate that serological HLA-Cw typing is insufficient for examining the clinical importance of HLA-Cw matching in transplantation. Future studies based on molecular typing should allow the proper investigation of HLA-Cw matching in kidney and bone marrow transplantation.     

Anchored PCR cloning of the novel HLA-Cw*0704 allele detected by PCR-SSP

Abstract: The novel HLA-Cw*0704 allele, previously detected as the PCR-SSP variant Cw7/8v, has been cloned and sequenced from the homozygous typing cell KR03/4 after amplification by anchored PCR. The nucleotide sequence of Cw*0704 is closely related to those of other Cw*07 alleles, but carries specific changes in exon 3 consistent with its serological behavior - a short Cw7 cross-reactive with antibodies directed against HLA-Cw8. Some of the substitutions of Cw*0704 have not been previously described for HLA-C but are found in HLA-B alleles and in published C sequences of non-human primates. The new allele carries a novel polymorphism in its 5' untranslated region (5'ut) that could be shared by all Cw*07 alleles. By PCR-SSP, Cw*0704 is a relatively common allele in English Caucasoids at a frequency of 4.6%. It is most often observed on HLA-B44 haplotypes previously described as HLA-C "blank", although linkage disequilibria with other HLA-B specificities have been found.     

Rapid DNA typing for HLA-C using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP): Identification of serological and non-serologically defined HLA-C alleles including several new alleles

Abstract: Detection of HLA-C antigens by complement mediated cytotoxicity using human alloantisera is often difficult. Between 20 to 40% of individuals in every race have undectectable HLA-C locus antigens and 9 out of the 29 sequenced HLA-C alleles so far published encode serologically undetected antigens. In addition, HLA-C molecules are expressed at the cell surface at about 10% of the levels of HLA-A and HLA-B. Recently, amplification of DNA using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) has proved a reliable and rapid method for typing HLA-DR, HLA-DQA and HLA-DQB genes. PCR-SSP takes two hours to perform and is therefore suitable for the genotyping of cadaveric donors. We have designed a set of primers which will positively identify the HLA-C alleles corresponding to the serologically defined series HLA-Cw1, Cw2, Cw3, Cw4, Cw5, Cw6, Cw7 and Cw8. The serologically undetectable alleles have also been detected in groups according to sequence homology. In addition, three new unsequenced variants have been identified. DNA samples from 56 International Histocompatibility Workshop reference cell lines and 103 control individuals have been typed by the HLA-C PCR-SSP technique. 4/56 cell line types and 11/103 normal control individuals types were discrepant with the reported serological types. All combinations of serologically detectable and most of the serologically blank HLA-C antigens can be readily identified. DNA typing for HLA-Cw by PCR-SSP can take as little as 130 minutes from start to finish, including DNA preparation.     

Human leukocyte antigen class I and class II allele frequencies and HIV-1 infection associations in a Chinese cohort

China has one of the most rapidly spreading HIV-1 epidemics. To develop a vaccine targeted to specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) epitopes in this population, allele distribution analysis is needed. We performed low-resolution class I and II HLA typing of a cohort of 393 subjects from mainland China using a polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSPs). We found 10 class I alleles present in more than 10% of the population: HLA-A*02, HLA-A*11, HLA-A*24, HLA-B*13, HLA-B*15, HLA-B*40, HLA-Cw*03, HLA-Cw*07, HLA-Cw*01, and HLA-Cw*06. Several class II alleles were found at high frequency (>or=10%): HLA-DRB3, HLA-DRB4, HLA-DRB5, HLA-DRB1*0701, HLA-DRB1*1501, HLA-DRB1*0401, HLA-DRB1*0901, HLA-DRB1*1201, HLA-DQB1*0601, HLA-DQB1*0301, HLA-DQB1*0201, HLA-DQB1*0501, and HLA-DQB*0303. We also estimated 2- and 3-locus haplotype frequencies. Because this cohort contained 280 HIV-1-seropositive and 113 HIV-1-seronegative individuals, we compared allele and haplotype frequencies between the infected and control groups to explore correlations between HLA antigens and susceptibility/resistance to HIV infection. The HLA-B*14 allele was only found in the HIV-1-seropositive group, and many 2-locus haplotypes were significantly overrepresented in this group: HLA-B*14/Cw*08, HLA-B*51/Cw*14, HLA-A*02/B*13, HLA-A*31/Cw*14, HLA-A*02/Cw*06, and the class II haplotype HLA-DRB1*1301/DQB1*0601. Alleles significantly increased in the HIV-1-seronegative controls were HLA-B*44, HLA-Cw*04, and HLA-DRB1*1402. Overrepresented 2-locus haplotypes in the control group were HLA-B*44/Cw*04, HLA-A*31/Cw*03, HLA-A*03/Cw*07, HLA-A*11/B*13, HLA-A*11/B*38, HLA-A*24/B*52, and HLA-A*11/Cw*01. The 3-locus haplotypes HLA-A*24/Cw*03/B*40 and HLA-A*02/B*15/DRB1*1201 were found to be increased significantly in the control group. These data contribute to the database of allele frequencies and associations with HIV infection in the Chinese population.     

A high-resolution genotyping method for HLA-C alleles and possible shared HLA-C-B haplotypes between Japanese and Caucasians

A genotyping system for HLA-Cw alleles using methods of PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and PCR-sequence-specific primers (SSP) was developed. Genomic DNA from 167 random healthy Japanese individuals were investigated to determine HLA-C allele frequencies and their associations with HLA-A and -B loci. Nine alleles were frequently detected: Cw*0102 (18.3%), Cw*0304 (12.0%), Cw*1202 (11.4%), CW*0303 (10.5%), Cw*1403 (10.5%), Cw*0801 (10.2%), Cw*0702 (9.0%), Cw*1402 (6.0%) and Cw*0401 (5.1%). Several HLA-C-B haplotypes such as Cw*0303-B62, Cw*0304-B60, Cw*0501-B44, Cw*0602-B13, Cw*0602-B37, Cw*0702-B7, CW*1202-B52, Cw*1402-B51 and Cw*1502-B51 were found to be shared by Japanese and Caucasians. With the PCR-SSCP method we could detect differences in each exon of HLA-C alleles, at a low cost and simply. This method is suitable for sequence-level matching with a relatively small number of samples.     

Polymorphism of HLA class I genes in the Brazilian population from the Northeastern State of Pernambuco corroborates anthropological evidence of its origin

The allelic distribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-Cw) of the population from the State of Pernambuco in Northeastern Brazil was studied in a sample of 101 healthy unrelated individuals. Low to medium resolution HLA class I typing was performed using polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA hybridized to sequence specific primers (PCR-SSPs). Twenty allele groups were detected for HLA-A, 28 for HLA-B, and 14 for HLA-Cw. The most frequent alleles were HLA-A*02(0.2871), HLA-B*15(0.1238), and HLA-Cw*04(0.2277), and the most frequent genotypes were A*02/A*02(0.0990), B*15/B*15(0.0594), and Cw*04/Cw*04 and Cw*07/Cw*07, both with a frequency of 0.0792. The observed heterozygosity for the studied loci was 79.21% for HLA-A, 87.13% for HLA-B, and 77.23% for HLA-Cw. The most frequent haplotype was A*02-Cw*04-B*35(0.0485), which is also present in Western European, Amerindian, and Brazilian Mulatto populations, but absent in African populations. Taken together, these data corroborate the historic anthropological evidences of the origin of the Northeastern Brazilian population from Pernambuco.     

中国人群HLA-Cw、KIR2D受体基因多态性分析

目的 分析中国南、北方两个汉族人群、一个蒙古族人群的人类白细胞抗原-Cw(human leucocyte antigen-Cw,HLA-Cw)遗传多态性;进一步分析南、北方汉族人群杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体2D(killer immunloglobulin-like receptor 2D,KIR2D)基因的遗传多态性、与HLA-Cw的组合特点.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物技术(polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer,PCR-SSP)检测湖南地区112名汉族人群、内蒙古地区98名汉族人群、内蒙古地区83名蒙古族人群HLA-Cw基因、第80位密码子(Lys80、Ash80)多态性;检测两个汉族人群KIR2DL 1/2/3、KIR2DS 1/2基因分布.结果 (1)湖南地区汉族人群与内蒙古地区汉族、蒙占族人群在HLA-Cw等位基因、第80位密码子的频率差异均有非常显著的统计学意义(P＜0.001),而内蒙古地区汉族、蒙古族人群之间上述频率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)南、北方两个汉族人群间,5个KIR2D基因频率、各基因型频率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(3)两个汉族人群均以Asn80/Asn80,2DL1+/2DL2-/2DL3+/2DS1-/2DS2-组合模式最为常见(45/112、29/98);其次为Asn80/Asn80,2DL1+/2DL2-/2DL3+/2DS1+/2DS2-(18/112,16/98)和Asn80/Lys80,2DL1+/2DL2-/2DL3+/2DS1-/2DS2-(11/112,17/98).Lys80/Lys80,2DL1+/2DL2-/2DL3+/2DS1-/2DS2-组合模式的频率差异有统计学意义(1/112,8/98;Fisher's P=0.0134),其余11种组合模式在两个人群间的频率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 提供了中国南方湖南地区、北方内蒙古地区正常汉族人群的HLA-Cw、5个KIR2D受体基因多态性数据、蒙古族人群HLA-Cw DNA分型数据;提示我国南、北方汉族人群在HLA-Cw第80位密码子、KIR2D受体基因的组合层面上可能存在着以抑制性信号通路为优势的共同特点.