食管胃壁内吻合术治疗贲门失弛缓症

对24例贲门失驰缓症患施行食管下段、胃贲门部切除，食管胃壁内吻合术以重建贲门功能。术后对22例患行上消化道钡鉴透视、食管返流观察、胃镜检查、食管内侧压并随访1-5年。术后各种检查结果表明：贲门失驰缓症患经食管胃壁内吻合重建贲门后，贲门功能的正常率达95.4%。食管胃壁内吻合术式重建贲门功能是防止贲门失驰缓症术后并发症，提高手术疗效的一种安全、有效的方法。     

食管胃壁内吻合术治疗贲门失弛缓症

对24例贲门失弛缓症患者施行食管下段、胃贲门部切除,食管胃壁内吻合术以重建贲门功能。术后对22例患者行上消化道钡餐透视、食管返流观察、胃镜检查、食管内测压并随访1～5年。术后各种检查结果表明:贲门失弛缓症患者经食管胃壁内吻合重建贲门后,贲门功能的正常率达95.4％。食管胃壁内吻合术式重建贲门功能是防止贲门失弛缓症术后并发症,提高手术疗效的一种安全、有效的方法。     

食管胃壁内吻合术对抗反流作用的临床研究

目的 探讨食管胃壁内吻合术重建贲门功能对预防食管下段癌、食管胃交界癌术后反流性食管炎的作用.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2008年10月西安交通大学医学院第二附属医院对66例食管下段癌、食管胃交界癌患者(研究组)施行胸腔食管胃壁内吻合术的临床资料.同期行器械吻合的65例患者为对照组.两组术后情况进行比较,采用X~2和t检验统计分析.结果 (1)反流程度:研究组3例为Ⅰ度,63例为0度;对照组16例为0度,23例为Ⅰ度,19例为Ⅱ度,7例为Ⅲ度.两组比较差异有统计学意义(X~2=137.3,P<0.05).(2)钡餐透视:研究组12例有少量钡剂反流,对照组有41例钡剂反流,两组比较差异有统计学意义(X~2=27.4,P<0.05).(3)胃镜检查:研究组9例黏膜改变,对照组46例黏膜改变,两组比较差异有统计学意义(X~2=43.5,P<0.05).(4)食管括约肌压力:研究组食管下括约肌压力为(3.4±0.8)kPa,食管上括约肌压力为(7.4±1.7)kPa;对照组分别为(2.5±0.6)kPa、(4.2±0.8)kPa.两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.98,11.59,P<0.05).结论 食管胃壁内吻合术能够部分达到贲门功能重建的作用,可较好预防反流性食管炎的发生.     

FoLey管在食管异物中的应用

<正>食管异物一般采取硬食管镜方法,但对于一些表面光滑不易损伤食管壁的异物(如硬币、游戏机币、钮扣、棋子等)采用FoLey管取出,可避免损伤食管镜法的诸多并发症,现介绍如下。 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料:我科自1997~2002年间就诊的食管异物     

食管溃疡致主动脉食管瘘一例

患者女,19岁.畏寒、发热、胸骨后疼痛5天,呕吐暗红色液体约500 ml.无服异物史.入院当晚呕吐鲜血100ml,解黑色大便4次,总量500～800g.入院次日食管镜检查示距门齿22cm处食管左前壁有3 cm×2.5 cm病变,突向食管腔内,其表面糜烂、溃疡和渗血;病理检查示食管溃疡.胸部X线片示上纵隔稍增宽.入院第4天胸部X线片示上纵隔明显增宽,弧形阴影突向肺野,以左侧明显.主动脉弓模糊,气管明显受压变窄、右前移位;气管后有4.5cm×7cm大小、边界清楚的椭圆形阴影.胸部X线诊断:纵隔脓肿.经保守治疗,呕血停止.体温38～39.5℃,准备手术.入院第6天晚突感喉部瘙痒,呕吐鲜血1 000 ml余,抢救无效死亡.病理检查:食管复层鳞状上皮明显增生,黏膜固有层淋巴、浆细胞浸润,嗜中性粒细胞散在分布.尸体检查:食管溃疡与主动脉腔相通,纵隔脓肿,未见食管异物或异物反应.     

经食管超声心动图在胸主动脉瘤介入治疗中的应用

血管内修复术创伤性小，可应用于治疗多种主动脉疾病，如动脉瘤和主动脉夹层。经食管超声心动图(TEE)对主动脉疾病很敏感。术前可通过TEE找到撕裂的内膜片、发现内膜破口、区分类型、区分真假腔及了解心脏状况。术中TEE用于引导导管插至正确位置、观察支架放置过程、监测心功能和室壁运动状况、评价手术疗效。术后随诊通过TEE观察支架内血流情况、检出并发症如内漏等。     

成人管状双食管畸形1例

<正>患者男,53岁,因"进食哽噎2月余"入院。上消化道钡剂造影:食管黏膜欠光整,上段平T4椎体水平局限性狭窄,其上段扩张,食管下段见一线样充盈缺损(图1A),诊断为食管憩室、双食管畸形。胸部CT:食管内可见一纤细管状结构影,强化程度类似于食管壁(图1B),上段平T2椎体水平处与食管共壁,下段近贲门处与食管共壁,CT诊断为双食管畸形(管状型)。胃镜检查:进镜距门齿约21cm处见     

Ethicon PROXIMATE ILS吻合器在食管胃弓下吻合术中的临床应用研究

食管胃弓下吻合术是食管胸下段癌、贲门癌食管胃部分切除术后常用的吻合方法。一般采用手工吻合方法,可根据需要采用端端吻合、端侧吻合等方法。由于食管和胃管壁厚度不同、管腔大小不同、胃粘膜存在皱褶、纵隔食管床狭小等因素,     

经口置入钉砧头技术用于全腔镜食管癌切除胸腔内胃食管吻合

目的 介绍一种通过经口置入钉砧头进行全腔镜食管切除胸腔内胃食管吻合的新技术.方法 2010年4月至6月,6例食管癌患者经口置入钉砧头进行全腔镜食管切除胸腔内胃食管吻合术.患者男性5例,女性1例;年龄38～69岁,平均55岁.病变位于贲门1例,食管下段4例,食管中段1例.病变平均长度4 cm.6例患者均采用腹腔镜胸腔镜联合食管癌切除胃食管胸腔内吻合术.手术分为两大步骤,首先采用腹腔镜游离胃和腹段食管,而后采用胸腔镜游离胸段食管并切除病变食管,应用经口置入钉砧头的方法进行胸腔内胃食管吻合术.结果 本组6例患者手术顺利,未发生术中并发症、中转开腹或开胸等情况.平均手术时间380 min,平均术中出血量300 ml,平均恢复进食时间为术后9 d.术后病理学检查示:食管鳞状细胞癌5例,食管小细胞癌1例,切缘和吻合口圈均阴性.pTNM分期:T2N0M0期3例,T2N1M0期1例,T3N0M0期2例.术后无吻合口和其他重大并发症.结论 本方法创伤小、恢复快,是一种较为安全可靠、操作简便的腔镜下胸腔内胃食管吻合方法.     

食管胃瓣膜式吻合术对抗返流作用的临床研究

目的:探讨食管胃瓣膜式吻合术在下段食管癌切除术后抗吻合口反流中的作用. 方法:2009年5月至2011年5月,对31例食管下段癌行癌肿切除,食管-胃肌瓣胃腔内瓣膜式吻合术,年龄34-76岁,男25例,女6例.其中3例食管下段癌行弓上吻合,余28例均行弓下吻合.结果:全组无近期手术死亡,无明显返酸、嗳气、烧心、胸痛等返流症状发生.术后8-14天对全部患者行上消化道造影,影像学表现吻合口处极象正常人的贲门管存在,通畅无狭窄;患者倒立位,亦无造影剂返流.术后14天至1.5年对全部患者行吻合口上5cm的食管、吻合口、吻合口下5cm的胃腔内测压及食管内24小时pH的测定并行内镜检查,结果显示食管胃吻合口上方的压力明显高于吻合口下方,24小时食管pH监测结果表明不存在病理性胃食管返流,胃镜检查全部患者吻合口上方的食管粘膜清亮、光洁,无潮红、充血、糜烂、溃疡等食管炎的征象发生.结论:食管-胃肌瓣胃腔内瓣膜式吻合术是抗食管胃吻合术后吻合口返流行之有效的手术方法.     

Intramural Esophageal Dissection

A case of intramural esophageal dissection is reported and the literature reviewed. Patients with intramural esophageal dissection are usually women in their seventh or eighth decade. The most common presenting symptoms are chest pain, dysphagia, and hematemesis. The diagnosis is made by contrast esophagography, esophagoscopy, or both. Nonoperative therapy has proved to be uniformly successful.     

Esophageal laceration with intramural dissection mimics esophageal perforation

Esophageal laceration with intramural dissection is a rare type of injury but without perforation. It is difficult to differentiate from esophageal perforation at presentation time. We report the case of a 46-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital complaining of progressive chest pain, dysphagia, and odynophagia after swallowing a fish bone three days prior to admission. Esophagoscopy revealed a deep longitudinal laceration with pus discharge in the esophagus. Computed tomography of the chest revealed low posterior mediastinal abscess formation. Surgery was performed under the impression of esophageal perforation. The definite diagnosis was esophageal laceration with intramural dissection.     

Intramural esophageal dissection in a young man with eosinophilic esophagitis

Intramural esophageal dissection is a rare disorder that should be considered in patients presenting with chest pain, dysphagia, and hematemesis. Although most commonly occurring in elderly women with impaired coagulation, esophageal dissection has also been observed in other demographics including in those with eosinophilic esophagitis. In our report, we present the case of a 19-year-old man who was found to have an intramural esophageal dissection in the setting of undiagnosed eosinophilic esophagitis. There have been multiple, proposed management strategies; however, we implemented a nonoperative approach and obtained successful results. Intramural esophageal dissection is an important diagnosis for thoracic surgeons to be aware of as these patients often present as surgical emergencies, but often do not require an acute surgical intervention.     

Spontaneous intramural esophageal hematoma

We report the case of an 80-year-old woman who developed a spontaneous intramural esophageal hematoma and review the available literature. Spontaneous intramural esophageal hematoma (SIOH) is a rare but important condition. Because the cardinal symptom is severe chest pain, the condition is often initially misdiagnosed as an acute cardiac event or aortic dissection. Increased awareness of SIOH may prevent misdiagnosis on the basis of endoscopic and radiological appearances.     

Acute dissection of the descending aorta: noncommunicating versus communicating forms

BACKGROUND: Noncommunicating dissecting intramural hematoma is an aortic dissection variant, characterized by absent flow within the false lumen. Noncommunicating dissecting intramural hematoma is thought to be more stable than communicating dissection when beginning in the descending aorta. This study assessed clinical characteristics, anatomic characteristics, and 1-year outcomes in acute descending noncommunicating dissecting intramural hematoma versus communicating dissection. METHODS: Retrospective database review identified patients who underwent magnetic resonance or computed tomography imaging revealing acute descending noncommunicating dissecting intramural hematoma or communicating dissection. Comparisons of clinical and anatomic characteristics and 1-year outcomes were performed. RESULTS: Twenty-four noncommunicating dissecting intramural hematoma and 36 communicating dissection cases were identified. Patients with noncommunicating dissecting intramural hematoma were older (68.5 +/- 8.8 versus 61.8 +/- 11.6 years; p < 0.05). Although noncommunicating dissecting intramural hematoma often showed abdominal aorta extension (50%), the infrarenal level was spared. Communicating dissection characteristically extended beyond the diaphragm (89%), including into the infrarenal aorta (28%). There was no significant difference in rates of adverse clinical events for noncommunicating dissecting intramural hematoma versus communicating dissection (13% versus 30%; 0.10 > p > 0.05). By follow-up imaging (87% of population), aortic deterioration was more frequent in noncommunicating dissecting intramural hematoma versus communicating dissection cases (60% versus 15%; p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Acute descending noncommunicating dissecting intramural hematoma and communicating dissection represent two variants, with differing clinical and anatomic characteristics, but comparable levels of 1-year morbidity.     

主动脉夹层、壁间血肿和穿透性粥样硬化性溃疡: 影像学和发病机制探讨

本文论述主动脉夹层、壁间血肿／出血和穿透性粥样硬化性溃疡的影像学诊断，并简要探讨其发病机制。     

Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers of the thoracic aorta: natural history and clinicopathologic correlations

Clinically, penetrating atheromatous ulceration of the aortic wall may be confused with either symptomatic thoracic aneurysm or classic spontaneous aortic dissection. Aortography and computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the thoracic aorta provide specific diagnostic information which permits one to distinguish this lesion from atherosclerotic aneurysm and classic dissection. Hallmarks of findings on aortography and CT scan include the presence of the ulcer and an intramural hematoma. Since the findings may be disarmingly subtle, the potentially progressive and serious nature of this condition may remain unappreciated. Recognition of the penetrating atheromatous ulcer and distinguishing it from aortic dissection arising just distal to the origin of the left subclavian artery is mandatory. Resection of only a conservative segment of the proximal descending aorta suffices for classic dissection in the upper descending thoracic aorta, but the penetrating aortic ulcer requires graft replacement in the area of the ulcer and intramural hematoma.     

Recurrent type B intramural hematoma progressed into type A acute aortic dissection in a young otherwise healthy woman: are there unknown background factors?

Intramural hematoma is reported with increasing frequency but the recurrence after complete resolution is rarely reported. We herewith describe a case of type B intramural hematoma in an otherwise healthy 39-year-old woman showing unusual clinical course in which acute aortic dissection developed three months after complete resolution of intramural hematoma. The case clearly reminded us of the potential of intramural hematoma for recurrence and progression to frank aortic dissection even after complete resolution.     

Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging of intramural hematoma from non-traumatic dissection of the anterior cerebral artery. Case report

A 46-year-old woman presented with non-traumatic anterior cerebral artery dissection manifesting as sudden onset of headache and motor weakness of the right lower limb. Angiography revealed luminal narrowing of the left anterior cerebral artery from the A(3) portion to the distal portion. Sagittal T(1)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintensity due to an intramural hematoma around the flow void signal of the affected anterior cerebral artery. Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging should be performed in suspected cases of anterior cerebral artery dissection to detect the diagnostic finding of intramural hematoma.     

Assessment of aortic dissection and hematoma

Aortic dissection and aortic intramural hematoma are highly lethal diseases occurring mostly in patients with arterial hypertension or Marfan syndrome. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the diagnostic imaging procedure of choice in the unstable patient. Hallmarks of dissection are the presence of an intimal membrane, or flap, dividing a true and a false lumen, entry and reentry tears, periaortic hematoma, pericardial effusion or tamponade, and aortic regurgitation in dissection of the ascending aorta. TEE allows detection of involvement of the ascending aorta, which places the patient in an extremely high-risk group and necessitates urgent operation. The accuracy of TEE is similar to computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, with the added benefit of being feasible at the bedside or in the operating room. Precautions have to be taken during TEE to avoid an abrupt rise in blood pressure. Aortic intramural hematoma is often a precursor of classic dissection or accompanies it and can also be diagnosed by TEE, although the diagnosis is frequently difficult.