汶川县中学生地震后1年创伤后应激障碍调查

目的了解汶川重灾区地震后1 a青少年创伤后应激障碍(Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder,PTSD)的现患情况,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version,PCL-C),对汶川地震重灾区3所中学初一、初二、高一、高二年级的在校学生进行问卷调查,PTSD的诊断依据DSM-Ⅳ标准。结果地震后1 a重灾区中学生PTSD的筛查阳性率为6.1%,以警觉性过强所致易激惹症状(D组)阳性率最高(75.1%)。初二和高一年级,居住在农村、家庭有财产损失的学生PTSD阳性率及B,C,D 3组症候群阳性率较高;女生和地震中受伤学生B,C,D 3组症候群阳性率较高。结论地震后1 a青少年PTSD阳性筛查率仍较高,继续采取有效干预措施降低重灾区青少年PTSD造成的长期心理危害十分必要。     

地震灾区大学生创伤后应激障碍及其共病

目的 了解地震灾区大学生在汶川大地震1年时患创伤后应激障碍(PISD)及其共病程度。方法 应用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-SS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对2008年入学的191名灾区大学生进行测评,并对部分患者进行深度心理访谈。结果 灾区191名大学生中男生48名,女生143名,平均年龄为(19.80±0.84)岁;患创伤后应激障碍的学生79人,占41.4%;其中,46人患焦虑症,75人患抑郁症,44人患2种共病,分别占58.2%,94.9%和55.7%,男女生之间只在焦虑症状上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);创伤后应激障碍的变异与所测项目之间均呈正相关(P<0.01);亲人受伤使有无创伤后应激障碍的人数差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 灾区大学生仍存在严重的创伤后应激障碍;创伤事件本身是致病的关键因素。     

青海玉树地震灾区转移学生创伤后应激障碍调查

2010年4月14日青海省玉树州发生大地震,许多孩子失去了亲人,失去了家园,失去了上学的机会。根据国务院抗震救灾总指挥部安排,教育部统一部署,由泰山护理职业学院(原泰安卫生学校)担负青海玉树地区部分藏族中职学生转移复学的重要任务。玉树地震发生5个月后,来自玉树的114名学生     

地震情景再现对灾民创伤后应激障碍影响

目的 了解汶川地震情景再现对灾民创伤后应激障碍的影响。方法 先用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-ss)和受灾暴露情况调查表对188名灾民测试,灾民观看短片\     

地震灾区居民创伤应激障碍调查

目的 了解汶川地震1个月后青川县灾民创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的发生率及其分布特征,为震后心理危机干预提供依据.方法 按受灾群众居住区域和帐篷编号,随机抽取灾民409人,使用创伤后应激障碍自评量表进行调查.结果 震后1个月灾民PTSD评为阳性的发生率为62.8%;女性、有亲人死伤者、财产损失较大者、41~50岁年龄组的灾民PTSD评分阳性的发生率分别为71.1%,70.4%,66.6%和78.8%,显著高于男性、无亲人死伤者、无财产损失者较大者和其他年龄组(P<0.05).结论 地震后灾民PTSD评分阳性率较高,应针对不同灾民的特点尽早进行有效的心理危机干预.     

中学生地震创伤后应激障碍发生情况及其影响因素分析

目的了解5.12地震后灾区中学生的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的发生率和影响因素,为青少年灾后精神卫生问题预防工作提供依据。方法采用多级整群非随机抽样方法,有效样本为来自地震灾区2个县的3所初中和1所高中的1 253名学生。采用复合性国际诊断问卷(Comprehensive International Diagnostic Interview,CIDI)中PTSD模块内容,采用一对一面谈的方式对所有调查对象进行调查,根据DSM-Ⅳ中PTSD诊断标准进行诊断,并记录一般人口学资料。结果地震后5个月,PTSD的发生率为10.21%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,进入方程有统计学意义的变量有少数民族(β=0.62,P=0.00,OR=1.86)、亲属伤亡(β=0.83,P=0.00,OR=2.29)和重度财产损失(β=0.98,P=0.02,OR=2.67),少数民族、有亲属伤亡、存在重度财产损失的个体PTSD危险性高。结论地震发生后5个月中学生中PTSD现患率高,中学生灾难特定相关精神卫生问题应引起足够重视和长期关注,灾后心理重建工作仍应继续加强。     

地震后灾区中学生创伤后应激障碍变化趋势及相关因素分析

目的探讨"5.12"汶川地震后灾区中学生创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)阳性率的变化趋势及其影响因素,为灾区青少年心理干预策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用方便抽样方法,选取"5.12"汶川地震灾区3所中学1 966名中学生,使用创伤后应激障碍症状清单平民版(PCL-C)和领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)进行3次自填式问卷随访调查。结果中学生PTSD筛查阳性率和严重程度变化(2χ=65.440,48.368,P值均<0.01)均呈下降趋势。多元Logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=1.46)、居住地为农村(OR=1.28)、本人受伤(OR=2.46)、房屋财产损失(OR=1.67)是PTSD发生的危险因素;汉族(OR=0.66)、灾后时间越久(OR=0.73)、领悟社会支持越高(OR=0.97)是PTSD的保护因素。结论随着时间推移,灾区中学生的PTSD阳性率逐渐降低。应加强灾区学生尤其是PTSD高危人群和阳性人群的关注,增加其各方面社会支持。     

汶川地震后重灾区中学生创伤后应激障碍的随访研究

目的 了解汶川地震后1年内重灾区中学生创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)随时间变化趋势以及相关影响因素.方法 采用一般情况问卷和标准心理量表(PTSD自评量表、领悟社会支持量表),分别于震后3、6、9和12个月对汶川县3所中学1966名中学生进行自填式问卷随访调查,通过建立多水平随机系数模型,分析研究对象PTSD随时间的变化趋势及相关危险因素.结果 全程参与灾后PTSD随访研究并获得有效问卷者共1677名.震后3、6、9和12个月,研究对象PTSD总分分别为(35.14±11.08)、(32.90±11.03)、(30.67±11.28)和(29.75±11.22)分,筛查阳性率分别为36.6%(613/1677)、30.7%(515/1677)、24.8%(416/1677)和22.2%(373/1677).领悟社会支持系统得分中位数为60.00分,存在问题者筛查阳性率为17.20%(289/1677).震后1年内,随着时间的推移,研究对象的PTSD得分总体呈下降趋势(β时间=-1.879,x2=47.03,P＜0.05).男生4次随访平均分分别为33.71、31.61、29.66、28.83分,女生分别为36.33、33.98、31.51、30.52分,初中生分别为35.46、33.28、30.18、29.22分,高中生分别为34.89、32.62、31.04、30.15分.性别和年级因素对个体PTSD总分下降趋势有影响,其中,女生快于男生、高中学生快于初中学生(β性别-时间=-0.354,x2=4.83,P＜0.05;β年级-时间=0.622,x2=11.30,P＜0.05).结论灾后1年内调查对象PTSD患病率较高,PTSD存在随时间自行恢复的趋势,但男生和初中学生恢复速度更慢.

Abstract：

Objective This study was to identify the post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)changes and the relative risk factors within one year after Wenchuan earthquake among middle school students in the disaster area.Methods A total of 1966 students from 3 schools in Wenchuan earthquake region were selected as the target population.For each student,personal basic information and standard psychological scale(PCL-C,PSSS)were investigated by a self-administrated questionnaire in the 3rd,the 6th,the 9th and the 12th month after the earthquake,respectively.PTSD trends over the time and the associated risk factors were analyzed through the establishment of multi-level random coefficient model.Results There were 1677middle school students fully participated in the PTSD follow-up study by turning in the valid questionnaires.The averaged scores of PTSD at the time of the 3rd,the 6th,the 9th and the 12th month after the earthquake were 35.14 ± 11.08,32.90 ± 11.03,30.67 ± 11.28 and 29.75 ± 11.22,respectively.Meanwhile,the general incidences of PTSD were 36.6%(613/1677),30.7%(515/1677),24.8%(416/1677)and 22.2%(373/1677),respectively.The median score of perceived social support system was 60.00 and the general incidences of PSS was 17.20%(289/1677).The PTSD scores for the students had a decreasing trend during the period of our observation(βtime =-1.879,x2 = 47.03,P ＜0.05).The averaged scores for boys for the 4 follow-up studies were 33.71,31.61,29.66,28.83 ;for girls were 36.33,33.98,31.51,30.52; for junior school students were 35.46,33.28,30.18,29.22; for senior school students were 34.89,32.62,31.04,30.15.Moreover,two factors,gender and grade,were related with the decreasing trend(the trend for girls and senior school students was sharper than that for boys and junior school students)(βgender-time =-0.354,x2 = 4.83,P ＜0.05; βgrade-time = 0.622,x2 = 11.30,P ＜0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of PTSD was high.Meanwhile,there was a trend of self-recovery for adolescent's PTSD during the first year of post-earthquake,but boys and junior school students recovered more slowly.     

汶川地震后儿童青少年创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症状及影响因素

目的 研究汶川地震对儿童青少年心理问题造成影响的相关因素.方法 样本来自成都、都江堰、北川、汶川等地,分别选取受地震影响严重的12所中、小学,采用自编的一般情况调查表、儿童事件影响量表(CRIES-13)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRC),调查上述学校儿童青少年在震后3、6、24个月后的心理卫生状况.3、6、24个月调查有效的学生人数分别为:7341名、7387名、7395名.采用多因素logistic回归模型分析创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)和抑郁障碍的危险因素.结果 震后3、6、24个月CRIES-13量表总分分别为(27.51±12.26)、(23.54 4-12.79)、(21.35±12.59)分(F=28.842,P≤0.05);DSRSC量表总分分别为(11.79±5.73)、(10.94±5.50)、(10.75 ±5.27)分(F=17.084,P≤0.05).震后3、6、24个月时与DSRSC得分相关的危险因素是女性(OR值分别为2.14、2.72、2.31,95%CI/值分别为1.01～3.03、1.10～5.01、1.02～4.58),年龄小于12岁(OR值分别为1.97、2.22、1.93,95%CI值分别为1.43～3.17、1.02～3.54、1.32～3.27),家人伤亡(OR值分别为2.19、2.45、2.35,95%CI值分别为1.04～2.89、1.16～2.08、1.02～2.79),绝望感(OR值分别为2.24、2.09、2.16,95%CI值分别为1.00～2.54、1.70～2.58、1.00～4.56);震后3、6、24个月时与CRIES-13得分均相关的危险因素为女性(OR值分别为2.16、2.94、1.96,95%CI值分别为1.36～2.53、1.36～2.53、1.06～3.92),年龄小于12岁(OR值分别为3.51、2.62、1.92,95%CI值分别为1.22～5.40、1.14～4.93、1.08～3.35),同学老师伤亡(OR值分别为2.32、2.48、2.36,95%CI值分别为1.17～2.48、1.30～2.72、1.02～2.85),家人伤亡(OR值分别为2.73、2.21、1.85,95%CI值分别为1.67～3.61、1.04～3.15、1.05～2.38),目睹受伤(OR值分别为2.17、2.36、2.34,95%CI值分别为1.15～3.65、1.17～2.67、1.02～3.67),目睹死亡(OR值分别为1.98、2.39、1.71,95%CI值分别为1.10～2.56、1.14～3.70、1.57～3.88),绝望感(OR值分别为2.02、1.94、2.02,95%CI值分别为1.67～2.35、1.66～2.27、1.82～2.26).结论 汶川地震灾区儿童青少年幸存者PTSD及抑郁症状随时间的推移逐渐减少,年龄小于12岁、女性、家人有伤亡和震时绝望感等是影响灾后儿童青少年心理健康的主要危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective This study was to analyze the mental health status of the children and adolescents from the areas struck by Wenchuan earthquake and to understand the factors that may have impact on their mental health after exposing to the earthquake.Methods Subjects of this survey were tudents(8-16 years old)from Chendu,Dujiangyan,Beichuan and Wenchuan districts which were the most severely affected areas in the earthquake.We analyzed the subjects'mental health conditions after Wenchuan earthquake by using a general questionnaire that was composed of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale(CRIES-13)and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children(DSRSC).Students are investigated 7341 case,7387 case,7395 case after 3,6,24 months.The data were analyzed with logistic regression model.Results The CRIES-13 scores were(27.51±12.26),(23.54±12.79)and(21.35±12.59)(F=28.842,P≤0.05)and the DSRSC scores were(11.79±5.73),(10.94±5.50)and(10.75±5.27)(F=17.084,P≤0.05)3,6 and 24 months after the earthquake,respectively.The risk factors associated with depression 3,6,24 months after the earthquake were gender(female)(OR values were 2.14,2.72,2.31：95％CI values were 1.01-3.03,1.10-5.01,1.02-4.58),age(less than 12 years old)(OR values were 1.97,2.22,1.93;95％CI values were 1.43-3.17,1.02-3.54,1.32-3.27),having family member iniury and death(OR values ware 2.19,2.45,2.35;95％CI valves were 1.04-2.89,1.16-2.08,1.02-2.79),desperation(OR values were 2.24,2.09,2.16;95％CI values were 1.00-2.54,1.70-2.58,1.00-4.56).The risk factors associated with PTSD 3,6.24 months after the earthquake were gender(OR values were 2.16,2.94,1.96;95％CI values were 1.36-2.53,1.36-2.53,1.06-3.92),age(less than 12 years old)(OR values were 3.51,2.62,1.92;95％CI values were 1.22-5.40,1.14-4.93,1.08-3.35),having teachers and schoolmates injury and death(OR values were 2.32,2.48,2.36;95％CI values were 1.17-2.48,1.30-2.72,1.02-2.85),having family member injury and death(OR values were 2.73,2.21,1.85;95％CI valties were 1.67-3.61,1.04-3.15,1.05-2.38),witnessing injury(OR values were 2.17,2.36,2.34;95％CI values were 1.15-3.65,1.17-2.67,1.02-3.67),witnessing death(OR values were 1.98,2.39,1.71;95％CI values were 1.10-2.56,1.14-3.70,1.57-3.88),desperation(OR values were 2.02,1.94,2.02;95％CI values were 1.67-2.35,1.66-2.27,1.82-2.26).Conclusion The symotoms of PTSD and depression of young survivors from the earthquake-struck areas had gradually alleviated 3,6,24 months after the earthquake.Age(less than 12 years old),gender (female),having family member injury and death,witnessing injury and death,and desperation were the main risk factors that affected the children and adolescents mental health.     

汶川地震后儿童青少年创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症状及影响因素

Objective This study was to analyze the mental health status of the children and adolescents from the areas struck by Wenchuan earthquake and to understand the factors that may have impact on their mental health after exposing to the earthquake.Methods Subjects of this survey were tudents(8-16 years old)from Chendu,Dujiangyan,Beichuan and Wenchuan districts which were the most severely affected areas in the earthquake.We analyzed the subjects'mental health conditions after Wenchuan earthquake by using a general questionnaire that was composed of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale(CRIES-13)and Depression Self-rating Scale for Children(DSRSC).Students are investigated 7341 case,7387 case,7395 case after 3,6,24 months.The data were analyzed with logistic regression model.Results The CRIES-13 scores were(27.51±12.26),(23.54±12.79)and(21.35±12.59)(F=28.842,P≤0.05)and the DSRSC scores were(11.79±5.73),(10.94±5.50)and(10.75±5.27)(F=17.084,P≤0.05)3,6 and 24 months after the earthquake,respectively.The risk factors associated with depression 3,6,24 months after the earthquake were gender(female)(OR values were 2.14,2.72,2.31：95％CI values were 1.01-3.03,1.10-5.01,1.02-4.58),age(less than 12 years old)(OR values were 1.97,2.22,1.93;95％CI values were 1.43-3.17,1.02-3.54,1.32-3.27),having family member iniury and death(OR values ware 2.19,2.45,2.35;95％CI valves were 1.04-2.89,1.16-2.08,1.02-2.79),desperation(OR values were 2.24,2.09,2.16;95％CI values were 1.00-2.54,1.70-2.58,1.00-4.56).The risk factors associated with PTSD 3,6.24 months after the earthquake were gender(OR values were 2.16,2.94,1.96;95％CI values were 1.36-2.53,1.36-2.53,1.06-3.92),age(less than 12 years old)(OR values were 3.51,2.62,1.92;95％CI values were 1.22-5.40,1.14-4.93,1.08-3.35),having teachers and schoolmates injury and death(OR values were 2.32,2.48,2.36;95％CI values were 1.17-2.48,1.30-2.72,1.02-2.85),having family member injury and death(OR values were 2.73,2.21,1.85;95％CI valties were 1.67-3.61,1.04-3.15,1.05-2.38),witnessing injury(OR values were 2.17,2.36,2.34;95％CI values were 1.15-3.65,1.17-2.67,1.02-3.67),witnessing death(OR values were 1.98,2.39,1.71;95％CI values were 1.10-2.56,1.14-3.70,1.57-3.88),desperation(OR values were 2.02,1.94,2.02;95％CI values were 1.67-2.35,1.66-2.27,1.82-2.26).Conclusion The symotoms of PTSD and depression of young survivors from the earthquake-struck areas had gradually alleviated 3,6,24 months after the earthquake.Age(less than 12 years old),gender (female),having family member injury and death,witnessing injury and death,and desperation were the main risk factors that affected the children and adolescents mental health.     

目睹暴力及遭受暴力大学生创伤后应激障碍症状对照分析

目的了解目睹暴力及遭受暴力对大学生创伤后应激障碍(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder,PTSD)症状的影响,为预防和减轻儿童期伤害的发生提供依据。方法随机整群抽取广州某大学大一和大二学生757名,用创伤后应激障碍自评量表(PTSD-SS)进行调查。结果 95名大学生在目睹暴力的同时遭受暴力侵害,即同时遭受2种伤害,阳性率为12.5%。无伤害大学生、曾目睹暴力大学生、曾遭受暴力大学生、以及曾目睹暴力及遭受暴力大学生PTSD症状差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。受双重伤害的大学生比其他组别大学生PTSD总分及5个因子分更高,PTSD症状更明显(P值均<0.05)。目睹暴力与遭受暴力的关系显著(P=0.000)。在有目睹暴力经历的大学生中,有亲身遭受暴力的比例(62.5%)高于无亲身暴力的比例(42.0%)。结论目睹暴力及遭受暴力的大学生较常见,且其成年后的PTSD症状明显。目睹暴力与遭受暴力相关,应将二者作为一个整体进行综合防治。     

在校研究生焦虑及其影响因素分析

目的了解在校研究生焦虑现状及其相关影响因素,为改善研究生心理健康教育工作提供参考依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法,选取全国12所高校3 812名在校硕士和博士研究生为对象,采用焦虑自评量表进行测评。结果 12所高校在校研究生焦虑自评量表总体评分均值为(33.82±8.74)分;焦虑检出率为5.8%,且检出率在性别、学历、专业满意度、家庭社会地位、所学专业、母亲学历及职业之间存在明显差异。结论目前在校研究生存在不同程度的焦虑现象,主要与性别、学历、专业满意度、家庭社会地位、所学专业、母亲学历及职业有关。     

高校师生亚健康状态表现特征文献分析

目的了解高校师生亚健康状态的表现特征,为高校亚健康的识别与防治工作提供参考。方法借助中国知网(CNK I)平台,检索1998-2009年公开发表、标题中含有"亚健康"、研究对象为"教师或学生"的原著论文;提取文中亚健康的表现特征,运用SPSS11.0进行统计分析。结果共检索相关论文183篇,亚健康的常见表现为"失眠"、"疲劳感"、"烦躁不安",在文献中的出现率均在30%以上;"四肢麻木僵硬"(2χ=5.939,P=0.015)、"手脚发冷"(2χ=4.608,P=0.032)、"三观问题"(2χ校正=5.89,P=0.015)、"自杀倾向"(χ2校正=4.824,P=0.028)4个表现特征在教师和学生之间的出现率差异均有统计学意义。结论高校师生亚健康的常见表现相似,教师在躯体方面的表现高于学生,而学生在心理方面的表现高于教师。     

绍兴市学生抑郁焦虑症状及其影响因素分析

目的了解绍兴市学生抑郁、焦虑症状流行状况及其影响因素,为实施有效干预措施提供科学依据。方法选取绍兴市1所大学、2所高中、2所初中,采用分层整群抽样方法选取2 348名学生作为研究对象。使用Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)、Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)评定抑郁、焦虑症状,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析抑郁、焦虑症状的影响因素。结果学生抑郁、焦虑症状的检出率分别为42.0%和12.3%,男生抑郁检出率(44.7%)高于女生(39.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.577,P<0.05);女生焦虑检出率(15.0%)高于男生(9.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.794,P<0.01)。抑郁、焦虑症状检出率在不同年级间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为52.181,11.185,P<0.01或P<0.05);城市学生抑郁症状检出率高于农村学生,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.247,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,学习负担重、噪声影响、睡眠时间少、早餐不规律、朋友数量少等是抑郁、焦虑症状的危险因素。结论绍兴市学生抑郁、焦虑症状普遍存在,与社会因素、环境因素、个人生活方式等相关。应加强在校学生的心理健康教育。     

特大洪灾对受灾医专学生心理健康的影响

目的 研究特大洪灾对受灾医专学生心理健康的影响，为维护和增强学生的心理健康水平提供依据。方法 采用心理症状自评量表(SCL-90)对遭受特大洪灾的医专学生109名进行心理健康状况调查，并与同期医专学生的各因子分比较。根据受灾学生家庭经济损失程度不同分组，并进行组间比较。结果 受灾医专学生各因子分均高于同期医专学生水平，差异有显性；随着受灾学生家庭经济损失程度的加重，受灾学生心理健康状况下降程度增加。结论 特大洪灾后，受灾学生心理健康状况下降明显，并且心理健康损伤程度与受灾学生家庭经济损失程度呈正相关。     

汶川大地震重灾区中学生震后心理状况

目的 了解汶川大地震后3个月重灾区中学生的心理状况.方法 选取汶川大地震重灾区3所中学共38个班级的1966名学生,采用创伤后应激障碍(post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD)症状清单平民版筛查PTSD阳性,同时采用领悟社会支持量表(perceived social support scale, PSSS)判断领悟社会支持程度.结果 共收回有效问卷1958份.PTSD筛查总阳性率为78.29%(1533/1958).女生PTSD阳性率为82.30%(851/1034),高于男生[73.92%(683/924),χ~2=20.22,P<0.01];少数民族学生PTSD阳性率为80.27%(1375/1713),高于汉族学生[64.98%(154/237),χ~2=28.75,P<0.01];农村学生FISD阳性率为83.52%(872/1044),高于城镇学生[72.43%(662/914),χ~2=35.37,P<0.01];地震中受伤者PTSD阳性率为90.38%(94/104),高于未受伤者[77.66%(1439/1853),χ~2=9.40,P<0.01].研究对象领悟家庭内支持和领悟社会支持总体程度较高,得分中位数分别为21分和60分,领悟家庭外支持处于中等水平,得分中位数为39分.研究对象PTSD严重程度与总体领悟社会支持、领悟家庭内支持、领悟家庭外支持的得分之间存在线性负相关(r值分别为-0.191、-0.130、-0.190,P值均<0.01).结论 重灾区中学生灾后PTSD阳性率高,且不同特征学生症状与严重程度不同,良好的社会支持能减少PTSD的发生.     

医科大学生抑郁和焦虑情绪调查

目的调查分析医科大学生抑郁、焦虑情绪状态及其相关的心理社会因素。方法分层整群抽取某医科学校509名本科生进行抑郁、焦虑情绪的流行特征及其相关因素的调查分析。结果医科大学生抑郁、焦虑情绪检出率为22．40％、9．03％。不同年级学生在SDS、SAS得分差异具有显著意义，抑郁、焦虑情绪与医科大学生的对专业满意程度和就业前景评价有高度相关性。结论对医科大学生采取有针对性的健康教育措施，倡导应用积极的应对方式，提高适应环境能力，改善心理素质，以防止或降低其抑郁、焦虑情绪的发生。     

中学生抑郁症状与父母受教育程度关系随访分析

目的了解中学生抑郁症状变化趋势和父母受教育水平的关系,为制定中学生抑郁症状的干预措施提供依据。方法采取整群抽样方法,于2009年及2010年采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)对南京市5所学校53个班级初一和高一年级2 202名在校中学生进行2次问卷调查。基线调查2 160名中学生,1 a后随访调查2 118名中学生,随访率为98.1%。结果随访共检出抑郁症状学生974名,检出率为46.0%,其中轻、中、重度抑郁的比例分别为29.4%,13.4%和3.3%。父母为初中及以下文化程度的中学生SDS标准总分、抑郁症状检出率均最高,且中度及重度抑郁症状所占比例也较高。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,父母受教育程度均与中学生的抑郁症状呈负关联,仅父亲受教育程度差异有统计学意义。结论父母受教育程度尤其是父亲受教育程度是中学生抑郁症状的重要影响因素。