家养皮毛宠物与儿童哮喘关系

目的 了解家养皮毛宠物与儿童哮喘的关系.方法 采用整群抽样方法,在沈阳市5个行政区内随机选取10所幼儿园和5所小学,采用国际统一标准问卷ATS调查表对所有学生进行呼吸系统疾病及症状调查.结果 沈阳市儿童持续咳嗽、持续咳痰、哮喘、哮喘现患、喘鸣现患和过敏性鼻炎的患病率分别为9.53％、4.49％、6.23％、2.42％、5.61％和5.27％,其中男生哮喘、喘鸣现患及过敏性鼻炎的患病率明显高于女生(P＜0.05);家养宠物对儿童哮喘无明显影响,但与宠物同室睡会增加儿童患哮喘的危险(P＜0.05);logistic回归分析显示,与无家族易感史且未饲养宠物的儿童相比,具有家族易感史的儿童患哮喘的危险增加了229％(95％ CI=2.55～4.25),而同时暴露家族易感史和宠物的儿童患哮喘的危险增加了101％(95％CI=1.17 ～3.43),家族易感史与家养宠物的交互效应差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 家族易感史是儿童患哮喘及哮喘样症状的危险因素,家养皮毛宠物对儿童哮喘的影响与儿童跟宠物接触的密切程度有关.     

百色市室内环境污染对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状影响的流行病学调查

目的 探讨室内环境污染对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的影响效应.方法 采用整群随机抽样方法,于2010年4月在百色市随机抽取6所小学,采用国际统一的标准问卷ATS调查表对所选学校的所有学生的室内环境和呼吸系统疾病及症状进行流行病学调查.结果 百色市儿童的持续咳嗽、持续咳痰、哮喘、哮喘现患、喘鸣现患和过敏性鼻炎的患病率分别是11.52％、6.68％、7.63％ 、2.04％、4.15％、5.90％.男性儿童哮喘和哮喘现患患病率显著高于女性儿童患病水平(P＜0.05).多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,暴露室内装修可显著的增高儿童患有哮喘的风险性(OR=1.88,95％ CI=1.46 ～2.42),暴露被动吸烟的儿童患有哮喘的风险性是非暴露儿童的1.76倍(95％ CI=1.37 ～2.26),同时在调整了其他混杂因素的效应后,家养宠物(OR=1.68,95％CI=1.26～2.24)、室内发霉或霉斑(OR=1.87,95％CI=1.17～2.98)及蟑螂(OR=1.96,95％ CI=1.51～2.54)等均为儿童患有哮喘的危险因素;而冬季经常开窗换气和使用抽油烟机可降低儿童患有哮喘及哮喘样症状的危险性.结论 室内装修、被动吸烟暴露、室内烹饪油烟、饲养宠物、霉菌、蟑螂是儿童患有哮喘及哮喘样症状的危险因素;而开窗换气和使用抽油烟机可降低儿童患有哮喘的危险性.     

母乳喂养与家养皮毛宠物对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的交互效应

目的探讨母乳喂养与家养皮毛宠物对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的影响,以及对儿童呼吸系统健康的交互效应。方法在沈阳市各个行政区整群随机抽取2所幼儿园和1所小学,抽取10所幼儿园和5所小学共8 212名儿童。采用国际统一的标准问卷对儿童的喂养方式、居住环境及呼吸系统疾病与症状等状况进行调查。结果沈阳市儿童母乳喂养率为78.87%;目前暴露家养皮毛宠物的儿童占14.56%;3.40%的儿童在母亲怀孕期间曾经暴露家养皮毛宠物。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,母乳喂养可降低儿童患有哮喘及哮喘样症状的风险;而暴露家养皮毛宠物与儿童哮喘及其相关症状存在正相关,且随着与家养皮毛宠物接触的程度越密切,儿童患有哮喘及其相关症状的风险性也越高。与未暴露宠物且母乳喂养的儿童相比,单纯非母乳喂养可使儿童患有哮喘的风险增高27%(OR=1.27,95%CI=1.00~1.61);单纯暴露皮毛宠物使儿童患有哮喘的风险性增高51%(OR=1.51,95%CI=1.15~1.97);而同时暴露于2个因素对哮喘的风险性增高了147%(OR=2.47,95%CI=1.66~3.66);宠物暴露和母乳喂养对儿童的哮喘存在一定的相加效应,但两者的相乘效应未达到统计学水平(P0.05)。结论母乳喂养可降低皮毛宠物对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的影响效应,但两者并不存在显著的相乘效应。     

家养宠物和肥胖对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的交互效应北大核心CSCD

目的研究家养宠物和肥胖对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的交互效应。方法本研究于2007年4月至2008年5月采用整群随机抽样的方法,在沈阳市各行政区随机抽取10所幼儿园、5所小学,应用国际标准问卷ATS调查表对在所选学校和幼儿园居住满两年的全部儿童有关家养宠物、肥胖、哮喘和哮喘样症状等情况进行调查。结果本次研究共发放9335份问卷,回收问卷共8371份,应答率为89.7%,经逻辑审查符合上机统计分析的共8212份问卷,合格率为98.1%。其中患有持续咳嗽、咳痰、哮喘、哮喘现患、喘鸣现患以及过敏性鼻炎的儿童例数及自我报告率分别为768例(9.35%)、356例(4.34%)、520例(6.33%)、202例(2.46%)、494例(6.02%)、370例(4.51%)。将性别、年龄、家族易感史、父母应答、教育程度、被动吸烟及母乳喂养等因素作为自变量放到logistic回归模型里进行调整,经过分析得出,单纯暴露于家养宠物或单纯肥胖均可增加儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的患病风险。且两者对持续咳嗽、咳痰、哮喘、喘鸣现患、过敏性鼻炎有交互效应。结论家养宠物和肥胖是儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的危险性因素,且两者对儿童持续咳嗽、咳痰、哮喘、喘鸣现患、过敏性鼻炎存在交互效应。     

家养宠物和肥胖对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的交互效应

目的研究家养宠物和肥胖对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的交互效应。方法本研究于2007年4月至2008年5月采用整群随机抽样的方法,在沈阳市各行政区随机抽取10所幼儿园、5所小学,应用国际标准问卷ATS调查表对在所选学校和幼儿园居住满两年的全部儿童有关家养宠物、肥胖、哮喘和哮喘样症状等情况进行调查。结果本次研究共发放9335份问卷,回收问卷共8371份,应答率为89.7%,经逻辑审查符合上机统计分析的共8212份问卷,合格率为98.1%。其中患有持续咳嗽、咳痰、哮喘、哮喘现患、喘鸣现患以及过敏性鼻炎的儿童例数及自我报告率分别为768例(9.35%)、356例(4.34%)、520例(6.33%)、202例(2.46%)、494例(6.02%)、370例(4.51%)。将性别、年龄、家族易感史、父母应答、教育程度、被动吸烟及母乳喂养等因素作为自变量放到logistic回归模型里进行调整,经过分析得出,单纯暴露于家养宠物或单纯肥胖均可增加儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的患病风险。且两者对持续咳嗽、咳痰、哮喘、喘鸣现患、过敏性鼻炎有交互效应。结论家养宠物和肥胖是儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的危险性因素,且两者对儿童持续咳嗽、咳痰、哮喘、喘鸣现患、过敏性鼻炎存在交互效应。     

家养皮毛宠物对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状影响的流行病学调查

目的 探讨家养皮毛宠物对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状的影响.方法 采用随机整群抽样方法,随机抽取百色市6所小学的3244名小学生作为调查对象.采用标准的呼吸卫生调查表(来自美国胸科协会即ATS)对儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状和家养宠物等环境因素进行调查.结果 百色市儿童哮喘、哮喘现患、喘鸣、喘鸣样症状、持续咳嗽和持续咳痰的发生率分别为3.76%、1.20%、4.69%、2.93%、4.93和2.56%.儿童哮喘及哮喘样症状性别间差异未有统计学意义(P>0.05).多元非条件logistic回归分析显示,暴露家养皮毛宠物可显著的增加儿童持续咳嗽(OR=1.89; 95%CI: 1.30～2.76)和持续咳痰(OR=2.01;95%CI:1.22～3.33)的发生率;分宠物类别分析,与非家养宠物儿童相比,家养宠物狗对儿童哮喘患病的危险性具有统计学意义(OR=2.39;95%CI:1.31～4.37).结论 家养宠物是儿童发生哮喘及哮喘样症状的危险因素.     

父母体重和儿童青少年生命早期因素对其超重肥胖的影响

目的 探究儿童青少年超重肥胖的风险与其生命早期因素以及父母体重的关联,为防制儿童青少年超重肥胖提供理论依据。方法 于2022年6月1—30日,采用分层随机整群抽样方法在呼和浩特市抽取5 370名中小学生,使用问卷调查收集信息,并就父母体质量指数(BMI)和儿童青少年生命早期因素对其超重肥胖影响使用多元Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。结果 中小学生超重肥胖率为32.2%,男生超重肥胖率为37.8%,高于女生的26.1%(χ²=84.59,P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,仅父亲超重(OR=1.52,95%CI=1.30～1.77)、仅母亲超重(OR=1.61,95%CI=1.31～1.97)、父母均超重(OR=2.42,95%CI=2.03～2.87)的儿童青少年超重肥胖风险较高(P值均<0.01)。高出生体重(OR=1.29,95%CI=1.08～1.55),剖宫产(OR=1.32,95%CI=1.17～1.48),母亲孕期增重过多(OR=1.24,95%CI=1.06～1.46)的儿童青少年超重肥胖风险较高(P值均<...     

贵州成人腰围体质指数与高血压的关系研究

目的:采用腰围、体质指数综合评价成人高血压患病风险。方法:按多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,抽取贵州省12个县(市/区)18岁及以上9280名常驻居民进行调查。结果:高血压患病率有随BMI增高而增高的趋势,正常体重组、超重组和肥胖组的高血压患病率分别为22.37%、36.59%和51.73%,青年人中肥胖人群患高血压风险最大男性OR=4.171(95%CI=2.872~6.058),女性OR=5.071(95%CI=3.402~7.560),而在超重人群中则以老年组患高血压风险最大,男性OR=1.983(95%CI=1.339~2.937),女性OR=2.503(95%CI=1.801~3.479)。结论:与正常体重相比,超重肥胖人群患高血压危险逐步增加,控制青年人肥胖和老年人群超重对于降低人群的高血压患病水平有重要意义。     

河南省农村地区育龄女性孕前低体重、超重和肥胖的危险因素分析

目的：探讨河南省农村地区育龄女性孕前低体重、超重和肥胖的相关危险因素。方法：以2013-2018年河南省农村地区参加“国家免费孕前优生健康检查项目”的3 686 404名育龄女性为研究对象,采用多因素logistics回归模型分析河南省育龄女性低体重、超重和肥胖的危险因素。结果：受教育程度高(大专/大本及以上,OR=1.34,95%CI 1.28～1.40)、素食(OR=1.06,95%CI 1.01～1.10)和被动吸烟(OR=1.22,95%CI 1.20～1.24)是低体重的危险因素;有孕产史、少数民族(OR=1.06,95%CI 1.03～1.10)、素食(OR=1.16,95%CI 1.13～1.20)、吸烟(OR=1.28,95%CI 1.17～1.41)、被动吸烟(OR=1.04,95%CI 1.03～1.06)是超重的危险因素;有孕产史、素食(OR=1.15,95%CI 1.09～1.22)、吸烟(OR=1.69,95%CI 1.47～1.93)是肥胖的危险因素。其中,年龄每增加1岁,超重的发生风险增加3%,肥胖的发生风险增加2%;根据地理位置,河南省西部地区是育龄女性...     

8省市儿童青少年代谢综合征流行现况及其主要影响因素

目的了解8省市7～17岁儿童青少年代谢综合征的流行现况及其影响因素。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样方法,对8省市7～17岁儿童青少年2752人进行调查分析。采用非条件Logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果研究人群代谢综合征患病率为3.2%,其中男性3.4%,女性3.0%;城市3.1%,农村3.3%;7～12岁者和13～17岁者患病率分别为2.9%和4.9%,而13岁、14岁患病率最高;在体重正常、超重、肥胖的儿童青少年中,代谢综合征患病率分别为0.7%、8.0%和23.9%。排除了其他因素的影响后显示,13～17岁儿童青少年发生代谢综合征是7～12岁者的2.48倍(OR=2.49,95%CI=1.41-4.39);超重和肥胖儿童青少年患代谢综合征的危险分别是体重正常者的12.82倍(OR=12.82,95%CI=6.57-25.01)和51.38倍(OR=51.38,95%CI=28.42-92.91)。结论儿童青少年中代谢综合征患病情况不容忽视,建议加快研究制定适合中国儿童青少年的代谢综合征定义及标准。     

北京市郊区儿童哮喘病影响因素病例对照研究

目的了解北京市郊区儿童哮喘病相关影响因素,为采取相应干预措施提供依据。方法采用自行设计调查问卷抽取北京市郊区小学27 445名1~5年级小学生父母进行横断面调查,对按标准筛查出的370例哮喘病例组学生和868名对照组学生父母进行病因调查。结果病例组低出生体重、非足月出生、母乳喂养6个月、有哮喘家族史、有过敏家族史、有过敏症、被动吸烟和家中燃煤做饭且不排风的比例分别为8.4%,10.0%,69.7%,21.4%,26.2%,34.3%,77.0%和26.8%;对照组分别为4.2%,6.0%,75.7%,8.3%,17.7%,11.7%,70.6%和19.8%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,低出生体重、有哮喘家族史、有过敏家族史、有过敏症和家中燃煤做饭且不排风是北京市郊区儿童患哮喘的危险因素;母乳喂养6个月是北京市郊区儿童患哮喘的保护因素。结论应针对儿童易患哮喘病的危险因素制定相应的预防措施,提倡母乳喂养,以降低患哮喘的相对危险性。     

2009年中国贫困地区5岁以下儿童营养不良状况及其影响因素

目的 研究2009年中国贫困地区5岁以下儿童营养不良状况及其影响因素.方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,共调查贫困地区5岁以下儿童7818名.内容包括询问调查、体格测量、生化检测和膳食调查.以2006年WHO生长发育标准计算Z评分,5岁以下儿童营养不良率的计算采用WHO Anthro V3.2.2软件.多因素分析采用非条件logistic回归.数据清理和分析均采用SAS 9.12统计软件.结果 2009年中国贫困地区5岁以下儿童生长迟缓率为15.9％,低体重率为7.8％,消瘦率为3.7％.排除了其他变量的影响后显示,那些低出生体重(OR=1.975,95％ CI=1.515 ～ 2.575)、家庭年人均收入2000元以下(OR=1.813,95％ CI=1.364～2.409)、看护人为非父亲／母亲(OR=1.190,95％ CI=1.022～1.387)、家庭饮水不卫生(OR=1.282,95％ CI=1.120～1.466)的儿童更容易发生营养不良;与母亲职业为技术、干部、军人等的儿童相比,母亲是纯农民、农民工、农村手工业／个体工商户以及从事家务等职业的儿童发生营养不良的危险分别是前者的5.384倍(OR=5.384,95％ CI=2.490～11.642)、4.244倍(OR=4.244,95％ CI=1.953～9.222)、4.872倍(OR =4.872,95％ CI=2.169～10.947)和5.331倍(OR=5.331,95％ CI=2.438～11.654);距离住所1公里以内有医疗点是儿童营养不良的保护因素(OR=1.246,95％ CI=1.100～1.411);出生后9个月才开始添加辅食可增加儿童营养不良危险(OR=1.194,95％ CI=1.016～1.403).结论 贫困地区5岁以下儿童营养不良状况不容忽视,影响贫困地区5岁以下儿童营养状况的不良因素依然存在和变化.综合改善将是有效措施.     

Asthma-like disease in the children living in the neighborhood of Mt. Sakurajima

We conducted self-administered questionnaire surveys of school children living in the vicinity of Mt. Sakurajima using ATS-DLD questionnaire. In this paper, we report the results of analysis comparing the proportion of children with asthma-like disease in the area exposed to the volcanic ash and gases released by Mt. Sakurajima and control areas. Asthma-like disease was ascertained using ATS-DLD questionnaire and the definition proposed by the study group established by Environmental Protection Agency in Japan. The proportion of children with asthma-like disease was not different between the exposed and control groups. The odds ratio of asthma-like disease comparing the exposed and control groups was 1.1 and its 95% confidence interval was 0.7-1.8 (P = 0.583). When the exposed area was divided into Tarumizu city. Sakurajima town and Kagoshima city, none of them showed an elevated proportion of children with asthma-like disease when compared with the control area. In the entire study population including both the exposed and control groups, the proportion of children with asthma-like disease was 6 and 3% in boys and girls, respectively. These values were quite similar to those obtained from a survey of 45,674 school children in western districts in Japan in 1992. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the proportion of children with asthma-like disease is not elevated in the exposed area. Further investigations are necessary to confirm our conclusions.     

Sleep disorders and their relationship to psychological disturbance in children with epilepsy

By means of parental questionnaires, sleep disturbances were assessed in 79 schoolchildren with epilepsy (mean age 10.12, range 5–16 years) for comparisons with 73 healthy control children matched for gender and to within a maximum of 6 months of age. The daytime behaviour of the children with epilepsy was also assessed by questionnaire. The children with epilepsy were considered representative of such children under general paediatric care. Sleep disturbance was classified into five basic types (poor quality sleep, anxieties about sleep, disturbances during sleep, symptoms of disordered breathing during sleep and short duration sleep) and the behaviour questionnaire provided scores on five factors (conduct problems, hyperactivity, attention problems, anxiety and physical complaints). Compared with normal controls children with epilepsy showed much higher rates of sleep disorders, particularly poor quality sleep and anxieties about sleep. In children aged 5–11 years associations were found between disturbed daytime behaviour and sleep problems, particularly poor quality sleep. There was also a significant association between seizure frequency and anxieties about sleeping. This study highlights the potentially serious psychological and other developmental implications of persistent sleep disturbance to children with epilepsy, and the need for further research on specific types of epilepsy with careful identification of the nature of both sleep disturbance and related psychological dysfunction.     

儿童入园适应情况与气质类型相关性研究

[目的]探究儿童入园适应情况与儿童气质的关系。[方法]初始调查：运用自编问卷调查法收集相关信息；运用3—7岁儿童气质问卷（BSQ）对新入园儿童进行气质评估。纵向观察研究：采用自编新入园儿童在园、在家观察记录表，每天记录幼儿在园、在家情况，综合了解幼儿适应情况。随访观察时间为5周。[结果]新入园儿童入园不适应表现明显，入园适应时间为1个月。气质类型积极的儿童适应情况明显好于气质类型消极极的儿童（P〈0．05）。[结论]儿童气质类型与儿童入园适应情况密切相关。     

Relationship between child feeding practices and malnutrition in 7 remote and poor counties, P R China

The World Health Organization reported that inappropriate feeding in children is responsible for one-third of the cases of malnutrition. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and identify the relationship between feeding practices and malnutrition in children below 5 years, in 7 remote and poor counties of China. A sample of 2201 children and 1978 caregivers were obtained with multistage cluster random sampling. A survey about feeding practices among the caregivers was implemented using a structured questionnaire, and the health status of children was evaluated using anthropometric measurements. We found 5 problems: first, high prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting in children below 5 years old (19.3%, 13.1% and 5.5%); second, short duration of breastfeeding for children below 36 months; third, low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among children below 6 months of age and continued breastfeeding to 1 year (17.5% and 32.2%). Fourth, although most of the infants (81.1%) between 6 and 8 months of age were given complementary foods, some of the 6- to 8-month-old infants did not receive any complementary foods. Last, a higher prevalence of stunting among Chinese children who had never been breastfed, who had been breastfed for less than 1 year, or had been fed with semi-solid foods of poor quality. Therefore, we suggest that more programs to increase caregivers' feeding knowledge and practices be conducted, to improve the health of children in remote and poor areas in China.     

Impairment of nutritional,educational status and quality of life among children infected with and belonging to families affected by human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has ramified impact on family members of people living with the disease, especially in vulnerable groups such as children, which has been neglected while addressing the overt burden in infected individuals. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of HIV on the nutritional and educational status in HIV-infected and -affected children and to compare quality of life (QoL) in these children with controls. A cross-sectional controlled study was conducted among children aged 5–11 years. HIV-infected children and children accompanying parents seeking treatment in an antiretroviral treatment (ART) centre were sampled. Controls were obtained from the field practice area of a teaching hospital. A semi-structured questionnaire and anthropometric measures were used to evaluate the impact on the nutritional and educational status. The General Health Assessment for Children (GHAC) instrument was used to measure QoL. Thirty-eight infected children, 149 children living with family members infected with HIV and 200 controls were sampled. The mean age was 8.55 ± 1.78, with 203 male children and 184 female children. The mean nutritional Z-scores were impacted in the affected and infected groups and significant differences were obtained on the domains of educational status on a proportions test. Most QoL domains were affected and the significance was retained in multivariate regression analysis after controlling for sociodemographic factors. HIV-infected and -affected children have poorer outcome on nutritional and educational indicators with impaired QoL. Identifying and defining vulnerability in these children can help mitigate the wider impact of HIV.     

The comparison between self-confidence and symptoms of aggression and hyperactivity (ADHD) in children

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common disorders in childhood, and almost 5% of children suffer from this disorder. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the comparison between self-confidence and different types of aggression symptoms, including physical, reactive–verbal and relational aggression in hyperactive children and healthy ones, with the age range of 6–12 years in primary schools. The study population included a total number of 60 students, who were chosen with the method of simple and available random sampling, among the students. The tools applied in the present study were consisted of Bern Reuter’s questionnaire of self-confidence and Shahim’s questionnaire of children’s aggression. The results of this study indicated that there is no significant difference between the degree of self-confidence in hyperactive children and in healthy children. In other words, healthy and hyperactive children both have the same degree of self-confidence. However, there exists a significant difference between the degree of aggression in healthy and in hyperactive children. That is, the amount of aggression symptoms is different in hyperactive children in comparison to healthy ones. Physical symptoms of aggression are seen more in hyperactive children rather than in healthy children.     

Prevalence and risk factors for anemia among children in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of anemia among children aged 0 to 36 months, who attend public day care centers in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and assess its possible risk factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 557 children aged 0 to 36 months of all public day care centers in Porto Alegre. Anthropometric measurements and hemoglobin levels were performed. The portable HemoCue photometer was employed to measure hemoglobin levels, and anemia was considered when the hemoglobin level was below 11 g/dl. Information regarding each child was obtained by means of a questionnaire applied to the mother. The association of the variables studied to anemia was analyzed using the log-binomial regression technique applied to the hierarchical model. RESULTS: A 47.8% prevalence of anemia was found in this population. The risk factors for anemia in the studied group were: families with per capita income equal or less than one monthly minimal wage (prevalence ratio - RP =1.6), age between 12 and 23 months (RP=1.4), and having 2 or more siblings younger than 5 years old (RP=1.4). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of anemia among children aged 0 to 36 months in public day care centers, especially among children with the lowest socioeconomic level, in the 12 to 23 months age group, and who have 2 or more siblings under 5 years of age, indicating that there is an urgent need for effective measures to fight and prevent this condition.