Repair of "coup de sabre" with tissue expander.

Two cases of coup de sabre, a linear form of scleroderma, treated by means of tissue expansion, are discussed. Expanded skin flaps on the scalp and forehead provided sufficient skin and tissue for closure of the defect after resection of the defect, and good results were obtained.     

吻合血管的游离腓骨移植修复长段骨缺损

目的探讨吻合血管的游离腓骨移植(VFG)在骨科疾病中的应用。方法本组1例胫骨多发骨样骨瘤并病理骨折,行病灶边缘切除+对侧VFG+外固定架固定;1例桡骨远端骨巨细胞瘤并病理骨折,行瘤段广泛切除+同侧VFC+腕关节重建术;3例创伤性胫骨缺损,采用对侧VFG+外固定架固定。2例股骨近端骨肿瘤合并病理性骨折,采用病灶囊内刮除+对侧带血管折叠腓骨移植+95°角钢板桥接固定。术后随诊1～3年,依据Enneking肢体评分系统进行疗效评价。结果7例病人均获骨性愈合,全部病例供区功能正常,X线显示无踝关节外翻及关节炎改变。结论利用VFG治疗各种原因所致大段骨缺损,疗效良好,是临床治疗大段骨缺损的理想手术方法。     

锁定钢板结合游离腓骨移植治疗下肢长骨大段骨缺损的临床研究

目的 应用锁定钢板结合游离腓骨移植治疗下肢长骨大段骨缺损,并观察其疗效.方法 自2005年1月至2007年5月应用锁定钢板内固定结合游离腓骨移植治疗下肢长骨大段骨缺损10例,其中股骨2例,胫骨8例,病程6～96个月,平均27.9个月.结果 全部患者随访4～30个月,平均14.4个月;骨折均在4～6个月内牢固连接,平均愈合时间为4.5个月,无内固定松动及骨不连等并发症.结论 锁定钢板结合游离腓骨移植是治疗下肢长骨大段骨缺损的一种十分有效的方法.     

Repair of a large osteochondral defect in the knee joint using autologous and artificial bone graft combined with motion preserving distraction arthroplasty: a case report

The biological reconstruction of a large osteochondral defect in the weight-bearing area of the knee joint has long been a challenge to orthopedic surgeons. We present a case of a large posttraumatic defect in the weight-bearing area of knee joint treated with a novel distraction arthroplasty device after reconstruction of the joint surface using combined autologous and artificial bone graft.     

应用人工真皮和自体皮移植修复难愈性创面

目的 了解人工真皮联合自体皮移植修复难愈性创面的可行性并评价其治疗效果.方法 选择20例住院患者共25处持续8周以上的难愈性创面,分为慢性溃疡组9例11处创面,为创伤、烧伤后瘢痕溃疡创面;骨外露组11例14处创面,骨外露面积为0.8～77.0 cm~2(最大面积为22.0 cm×3.5 cm).手术方法 为I期扩创移植人工真皮,2～6周后局部血管化良好,外露肌腱和骨质被类真皮组织覆盖,Ⅱ期移植自体薄断层皮片. 结果 慢性溃疡组9例患者的11处创面中,9处愈合优良,2处经换药后愈合.骨外露组11例患者的14处创面中,12处愈合优,外露骨质得到有效覆盖;2处创面因感染人工真皮未成活,随后行皮瓣修复手术.随访5-24个月,未见创面复发,外观满意,无明显增生性瘢痕,供皮区亦无明显瘢痕形成. 结论 人工真皮联合自体皮移植修复难愈性创面,方法 简便、创面愈合质量高、供皮区损失轻微,为难愈性创面的修复提供了新的选择.     

骨髓基质干细胞联合血管束植入构筑血管化组织工程骨修复兔大段骨缺损

目的 研究兔骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)联合动静脉血管束植入异种脱蛋白松质骨(XDCB)构筑血管化组织工程骨修复兔桡骨中远段完全骨膜骨缺损的能力. 方法 从兔髂嵴捕骨髓培养制备兔BMSCs,将第5代BMSCs种植于多孔XDCB,并进行成骨诱导2周制备组织工程骨,手术中分离兔桡动、静脉血管束.动物模型为制备24只兔舣侧桡骨中远段完全骨膜骨缺损1.5 cm共48侧,分4组修复(n=12),A组为空白未治疗组,B组为单纯材料+血管束植入组(XDCB+VB),C组为组织工程骨组(XDCB+BMSCs),D组为组织工程骨+血管束植入组(XDCB+BMSCs+VB),符组交叉配对.分别于术后4、8、12周行X线片、大体解剖、组织切片、生物力学等检查,观察各组骨缺损修复效能及移植物血管化情况.结果 D组骨缺损修复效能(术后12周新骨面积比2.02%±0.16%)及血管化情况(术后12周血管面积比6.89%±0.32%)优于C组(1.50%±0.28%和3.17%±0.19%),而C组又优于B组(1.59%±0.19%和6.52%±0.23%),A组骨缺损未修复,各组结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 BMSCs联合动静脉血管束植入构筑的血管化组织工程骨能促进成骨过程和新生骨的血管化,显著提高组织工程骨修复大段骨缺损的能力.     

Treatment of chronic osteomyelitis complicating nonunion and segmental defects of the tibia with open cancellous bone graft, posterolateral bone graft, and soft-tissue transfer

Forty-two consecutive patients with chronic osteomyelitis complicating persistent tibial nonunion and chronic osteomyelitis complicating tibial fracture with segmental bone loss were treated from January 1979 through December 1986 using a protocol including either open cancellous bone grafting (Friedlaender-Papineau technique), posterolateral bone grafting (Harmon technique), or local or microvascular soft-tissue transfer before cancellous bone grafting. Each patient had undergone surgical debridement and intravenous antibiotic therapy before inclusion in this study. Patients were classified using a staging system which included consideration of anatomic location of the infection within the bone; extent of bone involvement; quality of soft-tissue envelope and vascular integrity; and generalized host status. The overall success rate for arresting the osteomyelitis and healing the nonunion was 62% (26/42). If the six patients who refused additional bone graft surgery, the one patient who represented poor patient selection, and the patient who refused ankle arthrodesis are eliminated, the success rate for healing of the nonunion and resolving the osteomyelitis in this difficult patient population is: open bone cell graft, 66% (12/18); soft-tissue transfer 87.5%, (7/8); and posterolateral bone grafting, 87.5% (7/8). Use of a standardized classification system allows comparison of treatment results. Adequate debridement is crucial in treating osteomyelitis complicating established long bone fractures and nonunions. Determining the extent of debridement has proven to be the single most difficult aspect technically. Patient selection and pretreatment education are crucial. Caring for these patients is not only labor intensive and demanding of personnel and hospital resources, but demanding of the patients as well.     

Clinical experience with a new artificial bone graft: preliminary results of a prospective study

This prospective study was carried out to determine the efficacy, benefits and safety of an artificial bone grafting material. The material used was a mixture of porous calcium phosphate ceramic with the addition of bovine fibrillar collagen and autogenous bone marrow. This mixture has been used successfully as a bone graft in 11 patients with delayed and non-union of long bones.     

可注射型人工骨治疗手部内生软骨瘤

目的 探讨可注射型人工骨治疗手部内生软骨瘤的疗效和优势.方法 2011年5月至2012年1月,对28例手部内生软骨瘤患者,采用肿瘤病灶刮除、瘤壁灼烧、可注射型人工骨植入的方法进行治疗.结果 术后随访3～11个月,平均5.6个月.所有患者伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,未见肿瘤复发,未发生病理骨折.人工骨基本溶解吸收,可见新生骨形成.结论 可注射型人工骨是一种治疗手部内生软骨瘤方便、安全、有效的骨移植材料.     

Successful Correction of Depressed Scars of the Forehead Secondary to Trauma and Morphea en coup de sabre by en bloc Autologous Dermal Fat Graft

BACKGROUND: Atrophic scars of the forehead can result from various pathologic processes including morphea en coup de sabre as well as trauma. A variety of surgical techniques can be used to correct these atrophic scars. OBJECTIVE: Soft tissue augmentation for correction of atrophic scars of the forehead using en bloc autologous dermal fat graft. METHODS: Use of en bloc autologous dermal fat graft harvested from the hip and inserted into a pocket created under the atrophic scar in two patients with depressed scars of the forehead. RESULTS: Overcorrection of the scars with en bloc autologous dermal fat grafts resulted in the treated areas becoming level with the adjacent skin within 3 months. Follow-up for a period of 12 months showed a perfectly level and stable graft with no further resorption. CONCLUSION: En bloc autologous dermal fat grafting appears to be a safe technique that provides excellent cosmetic results for the correction of small to medium depressed scars of the forehead.     

Allogeneic platelet gel with autologous cancellous bone graft for the treatment of a large bone defect

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A 50-year-old type 2 diabetic male with a comminuted fracture of the tibia and delayed union after insufficient initial osteosynthesis with a resulting pseudoarthrosis was treated operatively by using a graft composed of platelet gel mixed with autologous cancellous bone. The essential idea of this therapy was to combine the healing capacities of platelet-derived growth factors and osteogenic stem cells and the modeling capacity of the gel. Due to a history of diabetes, allogeneic instead of autologous platelets were used. METHODS: The allogeneic platelet concentrate was ABO- and RhD-matched, leukocyte-depleted, irradiated and activated by human thrombin. The defect of 45 ml was filled with the graft mixture and fixed with an external fixator. RESULTS: Postoperative care was uneventful. After 6 months the graft was incorporated, the bone defect was fully bridged and full weight-bearing capacity was achieved. No side effects were observed and no platelet or HLA class I antibodies were detected. CONCLUSION: This case report shows that the clinical use of allogeneic platelet-derived growth factors is feasible and that a prospective study is necessary to prove the effectiveness and reproducibility of this therapeutic approach.     

Repair of large segmental bone defects using bone marrow stromal cells with demineralized bone matrix

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of tissue‐engineered constructs on repair of large segmental bone defects in goats. Methods: Allogenic demineralized bone matrix (aDBM) was seeded with autologous marrow stromal cells (aMSC) for seven days to construct DBM–MSC grafts prior to implantation. 24 goats were randomly divided into three groups (eight in each). In each group, 3 cm diaphyseal femoral defects were created unilaterally, and subsequently filled with the DBM‐MSC grafts, DBM alone and an untreated control, respectively. Radiological analysis and biomechanical evaluation were performed at 12 and 24 weeks after operation. Results: Obvious increases in radiological scoring and biomechanical strength were found in the DBM‐MSC group when compared to the DBM group. X‐ray examination showed excellent bone healing in the DBM‐MSC group, whereas only partial bone repair was seen in the DBM group, and no healing in untreated controls. Histologically, a tendency to bone regeneration and remodeling was far more obvious for the DBM‐MSC group than the DBM only and untreated controls. Conclusion: Our results strongly suggest that transplantation of bone MSC within a DBM could have advantages for the bone repair of large segmental defects.     

Repair of bone defect with vascularized tissue engineered bone graft seeded with mesenchymal stem cells in rabbits

This study evaluated the results of repair of the radius defect with a vascularized tissue engineered bone graft composed by implanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and a vascular bundle into the xenogeneic deproteinized cancellous bone (XDCB) scaffold in a rabbit model. Sixty-four rabbits were used in the study. Among them, four rabbits were used as the MSCs donor. Other 57 rabbits were divided into five groups. In group one (n = 9), a 1.5 cm bone defect was created with no repair. In group two (n = 12), the bone defect was repaired by a XDCB graft alone. In group three (n = 12), the defect was repaired by a XDCB graft that included a vascular bundle. In group four (n = 12), the defect was repaired by a XDCB graft seeded with MSCs. In group five (n = 12), the defect was repaired by a XDCB graft including a vascular bundle and MSCs implantation. The rest three rabbits were used as the normal control for the biomechanical test. The results of X-ray and histology at postoperative intervals (4, 8, and 12 weeks) and biomechanical examinations at 12 weeks showed that combining MSCs and a vascular bundle implantation resulted in promoting vascularization and osteogenesis in the XDCB graft, and improving new bone formation and mechanical property in repair of radius defect with this tissue engineered bone graft. These findings suggested that the vascularized tissue engineered bone graft may be a valuable alternative for repair of large bone defect and deserves further investigations.     

Pelvic ring reconstruction with a vascularized pedicle iliac bone graft for a large sacral schwannoma

A case of pelvic ring reconstruction with a vascularized pedicle iliac bone graft for removal of a huge sacral schwannoma is reported. It is necessary to reconstruct a pelvic ring when its integrity is impaired. Spinal instrumentation is essential for a temporary stability of the pelvic ring in the course of complete healing, which at times results in instrumentation failure. Several cases of pelvic ring reconstruction using vascularized fibular bone grafts have also indicated positive results attributable to their good blood circulation, but techniques with them are relatively complicated. We applied a vascularized pedicle iliac bone graft to the pelvic ring reconstruction after resection of a huge sacral schwannoma. When a stable pelvic ring was regained by using a lumbosacral instrumentation technique, a tricortical iliac bone graft with its vascular pedicle was harvested, transported into the dead space, and tied to the right residual sacrum and the left ilium. The vascularized graft healed rapidly, and continuity of the pelvic ring was regained. This method is effective for pelvic ring reconstruction in that it does not require microvascular techniques and rapid bone healing can be obtained.     

微管结构仿生人工骨对犬腔隙性松质骨缺损的修复

目的建立一种新型松质骨缺损动物模型，同时评价应用纤维增强微管结构仿生人工骨修复该骨缺损的性能。方法成年犬双侧股骨下段分别制备2处直径10mm、深20min腔隙性松质骨缺损，以正交结构（A）组、同心结构（B）组仿生人工骨修复，设立磷酸钙骨水泥（calcium phosphate cement，CPC）（C）组、空白（D）组为对照，术后6、12、24周进行影像学、组织学、形态计量学观察骨缺损修复情况。结果未经治疗的骨缺损不能自行愈合；人工骨修复组6周新生骨开始长人，6、12、24周时A、B、C组的成骨面积比（％）分别为（4．09±0．96）、（6．78±1．27）、（3．10±0．83），（8．98±2．45）、（15．38±2．33）、（4．25±1．03），（19．86±4．57）、（38．25±6．79）、（4．97±0．90）；相应各组CPC残留面积比（％）为83．19±3．69、81．93±3．80、86．87±4．48，68．14±5．39、34．59±5．50、75．83±4．51，38．55±4．78、22．20±3．46、62．89±4．31；各组新生骨面积比（％）B〉A〉C（P〈0．01），CPC残留面积比（％）C〉A〉B（P〈0．01）。结论该骨缺损模型稳定、可靠；微管结构仿生人工骨在促进成骨、加快CPC降解速度上优于不具有微管结构的人工骨，同心结构具有最佳成骨和促CPC降解作用。     

Thrombosed vascularized bone graft: viability compared with a conventional bone graft

Previous reports in the literature have suggested that the viability of a thrombosed vascularized bone transfer is similar to that of a conventional bone graft. Our clinical impression, however, has been that this is not the case. The viability of thrombosed vascularized bone grafts was compared with that of conventional nonvascularized grafts in a canine model. Assessment included quantitating bone blood flow, tetracycline uptake, and osteocyte count. Results suggest that a thrombosed vascularized bone graft is less favorable for vascular invasion and the usual process of bone graft incorporation than a conventional bone graft.