动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折失败原因分析

目的 探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)治疗股骨粗隆间骨折失败的原因。方法 总结1994～2001年用DHS治疗的69例股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗经验。对其中失败的19例进行分类,探讨相关原因。结果 69例中有19例失败,失败的类型分为6型:加压钉穿出股骨头、加压钉位置不良、加压钉切割股骨头颈、髋内翻、套接钢板断裂螺钉松动、局部骨吸收。患者年龄、骨折类型、骨的质量、手术技术、内固定材料强度、手术适应证的选择是失败的相关原因。结论 选择DHS治疗股骨粗隆间骨折应根据患者的年龄、骨质量、骨折类型掌握好适应证。对高龄不稳定型骨折DHS不应首选。     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折失败原因分析

目的 探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)治疗股骨粗隆间骨折失败的原因。方法 总结1994～2001年用DHS治疗的69例股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗经验。对其中失败的19例进行分类，探讨相关原因。结果 69例中有19例失败，失败的类型分为6型：加压钉穿出股骨头、加压钉位置不良、加压钉切割股骨头颈、髋内翻、套接钢板断裂螺钉松动、局部骨吸收。患者年龄、骨折类型、骨的质量、手术技术、内固定材料强度、手术适应证的选择是失败的相关原因。结论 选择DHS治疗股骨粗隆间骨折应根据患者的年龄、骨质量、骨折类型掌握好适应证。对高龄不稳定型骨折DHS不应首选。     

老年股骨转子间骨折内固定失败后的二次手术治疗

目的 探讨老年股骨转子间骨折内固定失败的原因及二次手术治疗方法. 方法 2002年8月至2010年3月共收治22例老年股骨转子间骨折内固定失败患者,男13例,女9例;年龄66～87岁,平均74.6岁.原始骨折根据改良Evans分型:ⅠB型1例,ⅡA型5例,ⅡB型7例,Ⅲ型8例,逆转子间骨折1例.首次内固定方式:动力髋螺钉(DHS)9例,动力髁螺钉(DCS)4例,锁定钢板2例,股骨近端髓内钉(PFN)2例,Gamma钉5例.内固定失败时间平均为5.6个月(1.4～8.0个月).二次手术改行髋关节置换术8例,应用PFN 3例,股骨近端防旋交锁髓内钉7例,DHS 1例,DCS 3例.结果 内固定失败原因:螺钉松脱或折断7例,头颈钉切割2例,髋内翻7例,骨折再移位3例,骨折不愈合2例,股骨头坏死1例.22例患者术后获8 ～26个月(平均13.7个月)随访.末次随访时髋关节Harris评分由术前平均22分(11 ～36分)提高至85分(72 ～93分).再次内固定患者骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间平均为5.9个月(4 ～7个月). 结论 老年股骨转子间骨折内固定失败多因内固定方式选择不当、技术应用失误等因素所致.根据股骨转子部后内侧结构的稳定性、骨折愈合状况及骨质疏松程度等,合理选择内固定更换或髋关节置换术治疗,老年股骨转子间骨折内固定失败后仍可获得良好疗效.     

DHS合并加压螺钉在股骨粗隆间骨折中应用的疗效分析

[目的]探讨动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screws,DHS)结合加压螺钉在股骨粗隆间骨折治疗中的疗效. [方法]对185例股骨粗隆间骨折行DHS、DHS 加压螺钉、Ender钉、股骨近端解剖型钢板内固定治疗.术后记录手术持续时间、髋内翻发生率、Sander's评分评定髋关节功能优良率. [结果]4组手术持续时间无明显差异.经术后9～48个月随访,髋关节功能康复优良率:DHS 加压螺钉组94.6%、DHS组85.3%、Ender钉组75.4%、股骨近端解剖型钢板组80.6%.髋内翻发生率DHS 加压螺钉组2.4%,DHS组9.5%,Ender钉组22.2%,股骨近端解剖型钢板组19.2%. [结论]4种内固定方式都可应用于股骨粗隆间骨折的手术治疗,但是DHS 加压螺钉可最好地恢复髋关节功能和避免并发症的发生.     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折临床分析

目的探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)在股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效分析。方法总结2003年至2007年用DHS在股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗经验。结果55例患者术后平均随访15个月,无髋内翻、钢板螺钉滑脱、折弯、折断,无加压钉穿出股骨头,无加压钉位置不良,全部骨性愈合。结论DHS治疗股骨粗隆间骨折是一种有效可靠内固定方法。     

动力髋螺钉与解剖型钢板治疗股骨转子下骨折疗效比较

目的 比较动力髋螺钉(DHS)与解剖型钢板内固定治疗股骨转子下骨折的疗效.方法 将54例股骨转子下骨折患者分为两组,DHS内固定治疗29例,解剖型钢板内固定治疗25例,比较两组术后并发症和治疗效果.结果 DHS组获随访25例,术后并发髋内翻2例,螺钉穿出股骨头颈1例.钢板组获随访19例,术后并发髋内翻4例,螺钉松动2例,螺钉穿出股骨头颈1例,下肢深静脉血栓1例.按朱孟勇等疗效判断标准:DHS组优13例,良10例,可2例;钢板组优8例,良6例,可2例,差1例.两组的术后并发症和治疗效果比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 股骨转子下骨折采用DHS系统内固定疗效明显优于解剖型钢板内固定.DHS系统内固定操作简单,术后并发症少,疗效可靠,安全性能高,特别适合在基层医院应用.     

股骨近端锁定加压钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床分析

目的 评估股骨近端锁定加压钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效. 方法 手术治疗32例不同类型股骨粗隆间骨折患者,采用股骨近端锁定加压钢板进行内固定.结果 32例均获随访,时间6～14个月,骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间为4.5个月.无畸形愈合、肢体短缩、髋内翻发生,无钢板断裂、松动、断钉及螺钉切割股骨头现象.按Harris髋关...     

滑动加压髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床分析

目的综合分析滑动加压髋螺钉(DHS)微创治疗股骨粗隆间骨折过程中的作用及临床意义。方法对246例股骨粗隆间骨折行DHS闭合复位、有限切开内固定治疗。结果随访6~36个月。无感染及下肢静脉栓塞,亦未出现股骨头切骨、拉力钉退出,无髋内翻及内固定失效等现象。结论老年股骨粗隆间骨折伴大粗隆处粉碎性骨折或合并股骨干粉碎性骨折向内后移位的应慎用DHS固定,滑动加压髋能为老年股骨粗隆间骨折顺利康复提供坚强有效的稳定保障。     

DHS加防旋钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的评价动力髋螺钉(DHS)加防旋钉内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法应用DHS加空心加压螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折43例,以空心加压螺钉发挥防旋钉的作用。对临床疗效、并发症等进行分析。结果 41例得到7~25个月的随访,骨折愈合良好,无髋内翻等并发症。结论 DHS加防旋钉能有效地固定股骨粗隆间骨折,防止骨折旋转移位,有利于骨折愈合,适合老年股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗。     

小转子复位固定在股骨转子间骨折治疗中的临床意义

[目的]探讨对不稳定性转子间骨折进行小转子复位固定的方法及意义.[方法]75例不稳定性转子间骨折(Evan's Ⅲ型47例,Ⅳ型27例),其中未固定小转子30例,固定45例.后内侧骨皮质固定方法:单纯使用拉力螺钉27例,使用钢丝13例.[结果]经过9个月～3年的随访,平均随访11个月,未固定小转子等后内侧骨皮质的30例中,共发生髋内翻5例,发病率16.67%.其中Ⅲ型24例中3例,Ⅳ型15例中2例,股骨头颈切割1例,钉板松动1例,钉板断裂1例.内固定小转子的45例,髋内翻1例,股骨头颈切割1例,无钉板断裂等.[结论]后内侧骨皮质连续性的重建和固定是影响股骨转子间骨折稳定性的关键因素,拉力螺钉和钢丝是简单、有效、常用方法.     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。