窒息新生儿血清总胆汁酸、前白蛋白变化及其临床意义探讨

目的探讨窒息时新生儿血清总胆汁酸(TBA)、前白蛋白(PAB)变化及其临床意义.方法检测各30例轻度、重度窒息新生儿及20例缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)新生儿的(TBA)、(PAB)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、白蛋白(ALB)水平,并设30例正常新生儿为对照.结果轻度、重度窒息儿和HIE新生儿血清TBA、PAB水平与正常儿比较差异均有非常显著性(P＜0.001)窒息时血清TBA、PAB水平与Apgar评分均呈线性相关(r=0.571,-0.689,P＜0.001),随病情好转血清TBA和PAB水平逐渐恢复正常.结论血清TBA和PAB是反映窒息儿肝功能损害灵敏的生化指标,动态测定血清TBA和PAB水平变化能很好地、灵敏地反映窒息儿肝脏损害情况及病情转归.     

窒息新生儿血清总胆汁酸及前白蛋白变化的临床意义

目的 分析新生儿窒息时血清总胆汁酸(TBA)、前白蛋白(PAB)变化趋势及其临床意义.方法 50例轻度窒息、50例重度窒息和50例正常新生儿的第1、3、5、7天进奶后2 h检测血清TBA、PAB、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和白蛋白(ALB),并把病例中发生缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的40例列为HIE组.结果 100例窒息新生儿生后第1天血清TBA异常率为65%,4组间TBA和PAB随着时间变化趋势有统计学意义(P<0.05),各病例组经治疗后血清TBA逐渐下降,轻度、重度窒息组分别在第3、7天恢复正常,HIE组第7天仍高于对照组(P<0.05);各病例组经治疗后血清PAB值逐渐上升,轻度、重度窒息组分别在第5、7天恢复正常,HIE组第7天仍低于对照组(P<0.05);窒息时新生儿Apgar评分与TBA值呈负相关(P<0.05),与PAB值呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 血清TBA和PAB是反映窒息患儿肝功能损害灵敏的生化指标,动态测定血清TBA和PAB值变化趋势能反映窒息患儿肝脏损害情况及其病情转归.     

前白蛋白及视黄醇结合蛋白对不同窒息程度新生儿肝功能损害的诊断意义

目的探究前白蛋白(PAB)及视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)对于鉴别轻、重度窒息新生儿的肝损害诊断价值。方法回顾性分析185例窒息新生儿,依据Apgar评分,分为轻度和重度窒息组,对不同窒息程度早产儿(84例)、足月儿(101例)的PAB、RBP、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶进行比较,并进行ROC曲线分析。结果与轻度窒息组比较,重度窒息组早产儿的谷草转氨酶较高,PAB、RBP较低(P0.05);重度窒息组足月儿的PAB较低(P0.05)。与治疗前比,治疗后早产儿重度窒息组的PAB,足月儿轻度窒息组的AST、PAB和重度窒息组的PAB均明显好转(P0.05)。ROC曲线显示,前白蛋白对于窒息足月儿、早产儿肝功能损害评价均有较好的灵敏度及特异度。结论前白蛋白可作为评价新生儿窒息肝损害的指标,并可以用于判断窒息程度的不同。     

新生儿窒息后血清胆汁酸水平变化探讨

总胆汁酸(TBA)是胆固醇在肝脏分解代谢的产物 ,其生成和代谢与肝脏有十分密切的关系 ,血清中TBA水平是反映肝实质损伤的一个重要指标。现对89例窒息新生儿及25例对照组新生儿进行了TBA检测 ,以探讨窒息后新生儿血清TBA水平变化 ,兹报告如下。对象与方法一、对象1.窒息组 :1998年2月～2000年2月收集窒息新生儿89例(已除外严重感染和标本溶血的病例) ,其中男51例 ,女38例。按出生时1minApgar评分诊断轻度窒息49例 ,重度窒息40例 ,伴宫内窘迫27例。全部患儿均在生后24h内收治入院。2.对照组 :同期收集经病史、体检、胸片、部分头颅CT检查…     

窒息新生儿血清胱抑素C变化及其与血尿酸的关系

目的探讨新生儿窒息时血清胱抑素C(CysC)变化及其与血尿酸(UA)的关系。方法选择本科2010年12月至2011年9月住院的40例窒息新生儿(轻度窒息25例,重度窒息15例)和20例来自本院产科观察室、无窒息史的湿肺及咽下综合征新生儿,均在生后24～48h检测血清CysC和血UA水平,比较各组差异,并对CysC和UA水平进行相关性分析。结果轻度窒息组和重度窒息组血清CysC(mg/L)与UA(μmol/L)水平均明显高于对照组[CysC:(1.9±0.2)、(2.6±0.2)比(1.3±0.2),UA:(296.6±72.4)、(445.9±78.6)比(210.6±115.5),P<0.05],重度窒息组高于轻度窒息组(P<0.01)。各组血清CysC与UA水平均呈正相关(重度窒息组r=0.75,轻度窒息组r=0.24,对照组r=0.20,P均<0.001)。结论窒息新生儿CysC明显升高,血清CysC水平可作为判断新生儿窒息后肾脏损伤的早期指标,指导临床诊断和治疗。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血清电解质变化80例临床分析

目的 探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）血清电解质变化及相关因素。方法 对80例轻、中、重度新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患儿检查血清电解质，并与20例正常新生儿血清电解质比较、分析。结果 轻、中、重度HIE患儿血清钠、游离钙水平均低于正常儿，血清钾高于正常儿，血清氯只是中重度高于正常儿，死亡的HIE患儿血清钠、游离钙明显下降且难以恢复。结论 HIE患儿可出现低钠、低钙、高钾、高氯。     

窒息新生儿血清总胆汁酸变化的临床意义

新生儿窒息在出生前后由于各种致病因素作用 ,体内各系统均有可能发生相关病理生理改变。目前对新生儿窒息的脑、心、肺、肾等脏器的损害己有较多研究 ,但对新生儿胃肠道功能损害中胆汁酸代谢的影响情况报道较少 ,为此 ,我们对 93例窒息新生儿及 30例正常新生儿外周静脉血总胆汁酸 (TBA)进行检测 ,以了解窒息新生儿血清TBA的代谢及临床意义。资料与方法一、对象　 2 0 0 0年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 7月收住我科的 93例窒息新生儿 ,其中轻度窒息 38例 ,重度窒息 5 5例。男 5 4例 ,女 39例 ;体重 2 .4 5～ 4 .2 5kg。正常对照组为同期出生新生儿 …     

新生儿窒息后血清心肌钙蛋白的变化及其临床意义

血清心肌钙蛋白（ＣＴｎＩ）是一项高度灵敏、高度特异反映心肌损伤及心肌细胞坏死的血清标志物［１４］，被广泛应用于心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）的诊断及预后评估。作者对３７例窒息新生儿进行血清ＣＴｎＩ水平的动态观察，旨在探讨窒息新生儿的血清ＣＴｎＩ的动态变化规律，并寻找能更精确特异反映心肌损伤的指标。对象：１－窒息组：３７例窒息儿均为我院住院病例，男１９例，女１８例。入院日龄２小时～３天，均为足月儿，出生体重（３３００±８００）ｇ。其中重度窒息１８例，轻度窒息１９例，经血气分析、血生化、肝肾功能检查，３７例中…     

窒息新生儿出生后血钙、磷、镁及甲状旁腺素变化

目的观察重度窒息足月新生儿出生后血清钙、磷、镁动态变化，及其与甲状旁腺激素（PTH）的关系。方法选择重度窒息新生儿30例，测定出生后24h、72h及7天时血清钙、磷、镁及甲状旁腺素，并与同期正常足月新生儿对照。结果（1）窒息组新生儿血清镁含量在出生后24h、72h明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）；血清钙含量在出生后1周均明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）；血清PTH含量在出生后24h、7天明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）；血清磷无明显差别。（2）窒息组中血清镁24h时，轻度HIE组明显低于无HIE组（P〈0．05）；血清PTH在24h时，中～重度HIE组明显高于无HIE组（P〈0．01），72h时轻度、中～重度HIE组均明显高于无HIE组（P分别〈0．05、〈0．01），7天时差异无显著性；血清钙、磷在不同程度HIE中差异无显著性；（3）窒息组中血镁与钙、血镁与PTH的水平均无明显相关性。结论新生儿窒息后血清镁降低，并与HIE严重程度有关。提示窒息缺氧后血镁降低在HIE的发病中可能起一定作用。     

新生儿窒息血气和电解质变化的临床分析

目的分析新生儿窒息时血气及电解质变化。方法49例窒息新生儿根据Apgar评分分为轻度窒息组(n=20)和重度窒息组(n=29)。采用美国855血气分析仪测定动脉血血气和电解质变化。结果重度窒息组的血pH值、BE值、PaCO2均明显低于轻度窒息组,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。窒息新生儿血清K 、Na 均低于正常水平,但轻、重度窒息组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。重度窒息患儿血清Cl-、Ca2 均明显低于轻度窒息者,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01)。结论新生儿窒息时血气变化以混合性酸碱失衡为主,重度窒息时血清Cl-、Ca2 明显降低,及时监测血气及电解质变化,有助于了解病情变化,指导治疗。     

窒息新生儿肾损害及一氧化氮保护作用

为了解机械通气治疗的窒息新生儿肾损害的发生情况，比较不同窒息程度与肾损害的关系。并探讨一氧化氮（NO）吸入治疗对肾脏的影响。对机械通气治疗的41例窒息新生儿（轻度窒息19例，重度窒息22例），进行回顾性分析，其中13例同时予以NO吸入治疗。结果显示：41中17例（占41．5％），有不同程度的肾损害，重度窒息患儿肾损害发生率明显高于轻度窒息患儿（P＝0．014）。予以NO吸入治疗的窒息患儿肾损害的改善较未予以NO吸入治疗者明显，9例未用NO吸入治疗的肾损害患儿在机械通气治疗后2例肾损害好转，5例无好转，另2例未随访，8例用NO吸入治疗的肾损害患儿在NO吸入治疗后肾损害好转6例，另2例未随访，提示窒息新生儿肾损害的发生率相当高，而NO吸入治疗能较明显的改善窒息后的肾损害。     

窒息新生儿肾功能损害尿NAG和RBP的变化

目的：探讨窒息新生儿肾功能损害尿N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG),尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)的变化。方法：采用对硝基苯酚比色法及ELISA测定窒息足月儿、早产儿和正常足月儿、早产儿生后第1,3,7天尿NAG活性和尿RBP含量。结果：重度窒息足月儿、早产儿生后第3,7天尿NAG水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论：尿NAG,RBP可作为早期监测肾功能损害的常规方法,尿RBP是一项较尿NAG更敏感的肾功能损害的早期诊断指标。     

Is serum troponin T a useful marker of myocardial damage in newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia?

AIM: To assess the correlation of echocardiographic signs of myocardial damage to serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentrations in newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia. METHODS: Electocardiograms (ECG) and echocardiograms (Echo) were obtained during the first 24 h of life from 29 asphyxiated and 30 control infants and correlated with cTnT concentrations. The echocardiographic parameters included systolic ventricular performance, preload, afterload, diastolic function, stroke volume (SV), left ventricular output (LVO), hyperechogenity of the papillary muscles and insufficiency of the atrioventricular valves. RESULTS: LVO and SV were lower but CTnT were significantly higher in asphyxiated than in control infants: 0.15 (010-0.23) vs. 0.05 (0.02-0.13), p < 0.001). Asphyxiated infants with signs of myocardial damage were associated with significantly higher cTnT than those without, 0.20 (0.11-0.28) and 0.11 (0.05-0.14 ug/L), p = 0.04. CONCLUSION: Cardiac troponin may prove to be valuable in evaluating myocardial damage in birth asphyxia. However, the degree of prematurity may complicate the assessment.     

Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of term newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

OBJECTIVES: To determine plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). STUDY DESIGN: A controlled, prospective study of 20 control neonates, 19 term newborn infants presenting with sepsis and no meningitis, and 19 asphyxiated term newborn infants. Blood and CSF samples were collected within 48 hours of birth for IL-6 and TNF-alpha determinations. RESULTS: Median plasma IL-6 was similar in sepsis and asphyxia but significantly higher than in control neonates. Median plasma TNF-alpha was similar in asphyxia and control neonates but significantly lower than in sepsis. In asphyxiated newborn infants, median CSF IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly higher than in sepsis and control neonates. Median CSF IL-6 was significantly higher in sepsis than in control neonates. Median CSF TNF-alpha was similar in newborn infants with sepsis and control neonates. IL-6 and TNF-alpha CSF/plasma ratios were similar in newborn infants with sepsis and control neonates but lower than in asphyxiated newborn infants. CONCLUSIONS: Term newborn infants with HIE have elevated CSF IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels. Plasma IL-6 is increased in asphyxia and sepsis. Plasma TNF-alpha is increased only in sepsis. High IL-6 and TNF-alpha CSF/plasma ratios in asphyxia suggest that these cytokines are produced in the brain of term newborn infants with HIE.     

窒息新生儿凝血功能状态的研究

目的探讨窒息足月、早产新生儿凝血功能的变化。方法检测10例正常儿、44例窒息足月儿、32例窒息早产儿凝血指标。结果与对照组比较,窒息足月儿PT、APTT、FIB、PLT无显著差异,D-D明显升高,且与窒息程度正相关。窒息早产儿与窒息足月儿比较PT、APTT延长,FIB、PLT降低,D-D无明显差异。结论窒息足月儿大都存有高凝为特征的前DIC或DIC早期;窒息早产儿更易发生DIC,且有向低凝期发展的趋势。     

Elevation of Plasma Concentrations of Arginine Vasopressin Following Perinatal Asphyxia

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is a major cause of mortality in neonates. Studies in experimental subjects have shown differing responses of plasma arginine vasopressin to hypoxia. Plasma arginine vasopressin levels, serum osmolality, urine osmolality and fluid intakes were measured in thirteen asphyxiated and nineteen control newborn infants during the first seventy-two hours of life. In the asphyxiated infants plasma arginine vasopressin was found to be elevated as compared to control infants on days one ( p < 0.001) and two ( p < 0.007) but not on day three of life. Urine osmolality was also elevated in the study patients on days one ( p < 0.01) and two ( p < 0.001) but not on day three, in spite of equal intakes of fluid on day one in both groups and significantly diminished fluid intake on days two and three in the study patients. Serum osmolality was not different between the two groups on any day studied, and was felt to be on the basis of diminished intake in the study infants. The data presented in this study support the concept that arginine vasopressin release occurs following perinatal asphyxia in term newborn infants     

Cord plasma vasopressin, erythropoietin, and hypoxanthine as indices of asphyxia at birth

To assess the value of cord plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), erythropoietin (EP), and hypoxanthine (HX) as indices of asphyxia, we studied 62 infants of mothers with preeclampsia, 34 acutely asphyxiated infants, with 5-min Apgar score less than or equal to 6 and/or umbilical arterial pH less than or equal to 7.05, and 38 control infants. Umbilical arterial AVP in the asphyxia group (geometric mean; 95% confidence interval: 180; 92-350 pg/ml) was higher than in the control group (23; 8-66, p = 0.002) and correlated with umbilical arterial pH (r = -0.447, p = 0.028). AVP levels in the preeclampsia group did not differ from controls. Cord venous EP was higher in infants delivered by elective cesarean section from women with severe preeclampsia (115; 75-177 mU/ml, p less than 0.001) than in control infants (23; 18-27); in the whole group EP correlated with pH (r = -0.493, p less than 0.001). EP in the asphyxia group was similar (46; 35-65) to controls (40; 33-47) and did not correlate with pH. Cord arterial HX in the preeclampsia group was similar to controls (12.3; 9.5-16.0 mumol/liter), but elevated in the asphyxia group (23.7; 17.6-31.8, p = 0.001), in which HX correlated with pH (r = 0.558, p = 0.008) and AVP (r = 0.588, p = 0.005). EP did not correlate with AVP or HX in any group, nor did any of the variables correlate with the Apgar score. We conclude that cord plasma AVP and HX reflect acute asphyxia, whereas EP is elevated after more prolonged hypoxia.     

METABOLIC EFFECTS OF OBSTETRIC REGIONAL ANALGESIA AND OF ASPHYXIA IN THE NEWBORN INFANT DURING THE FIRST TWO HOURS AFTER BIRTH: I. Arterial Blood Glucose Concentrations

Abstract. Swanstrom, S. and Bratteby, L.-E. (Perinatal Research Unit of the Department of Paediatrics and the Unit of Paediatric Physiology of the Department of Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Metabolic effects of regional analgesia and of asphyxia in the newborn infant during the first two hours after birth. I. Arterial blood glucose concentration. Acta Paediatr Scand, 70: 791, 1981. Effects of obstetric regional analgesia and of asphyxia on the arterial blood glucose concentrations were inestigated in 83 newborn infants divided into a control group, an asphyxia group, a continuous epidural, and a paracervical + pudendal block group. Lidocaine was used in the analgesia groups. All infants except those of the asphyxia group had 1-minute Apgar scores ≥7. 1) In the asphyxiated infants high blood glucose values and strong correlations between blood glucose concentrations and different signs of asphyxia (Apgar score, base deficit and lactate) were found. 2) In infants whose mothers were given regional analgesia the results were: (a) high glucose values in 20 % of the infants and an association between increased glucose concentrations in these infants and signs of fetal distress, (b) low blood glucose values (< 1.67 mmol/1) in 27 % of the infants. It is recommended that the blood glucose is checked in the newborns after obstetric regional analgesia.     

Brain-specific proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of severely asphyxiated newborn infants

Upcoming trials of neuroprotective strategies in severely asphyxiated newborn infants emphasize the need for early and objective markers of both good and bad long-term prognosis. Traditional markers such as neurological depression and seizures are not specific. Aim : To study whether measurement in the cerebrospinal fluid of some proteins known to be specific to the central nervous system was in covariance with the clinical course and long-term prognosis. Methods : Twenty-two asphyxiated infants were included in the study and compared with a control group of 8 infants without signs of perinatal asphyxia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected during the first 4 d of life and analysed for neurofilament protein (NFp), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp), protein S-100 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Results : The concentrations of all four proteins were significantly increased in the CSF of asphyxiated infants. The concentrations correlated significantly with other indicators of long-term prognosis and to neurological impairment at 1 y of age, or death before that time. Specifically, concentrations were excessively high in the five infants who died.

Conclusions : High concentrations of brain-specific proteins are released into the CSF of asphyxiated infants. It might therefore be useful to measure these concentrations when excluding patients with the gravest prognosis from neuroprotective trials.