A feasibility study of urinary catheter removal protocol following transurethral prostatectomy procedure in older patients

We hypothesized that older patients who underwent a urinary catheter removal protocol would not have an increased risk of postoperative complications. We further hypothesized that the revised protocol would be more suitable for clinical application. This study aimed to develop a urinary catheter removal protocol after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate and to assess the feasibility of the protocol to support catheter removal and promote recovery of self-voiding function. Delayed catheter removal after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate was associated with urinary tract infection and longer hospital stays. However, no strategy has been described to promote recovery of self-voiding function after catheter removal after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate. The urinary catheter removal protocol was developed through expert consensus, including strategies for caring for urinary catheters, assessment of urinary catheter removal, and strategies after urinary catheter removal. Moreover, a quasi-experimental design was adopted in the urology ward of a tertiary care medical centre in southern Taiwan. Patients aged ≥65 years who underwent Transurethral Resection of the Prostate were included. A total of 13 patients (intervention = 5; control = 8) were included in the feasibility evaluation. A urinary catheter removal protocol after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate was developed and the consensus among experts on the urinary catheter removal protocol was 99%. There were no significant differences in terms of bleeding, urine retention, urinary tract infection, or re-catheterization between the two groups. However, in the intervention group, the pain score decreased significantly on the second day after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate. This revised urinary catheter removal protocol after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate may be suitable for clinical applications. However, small size reduces the statistical power of the findings and further studies are needed to examine the current protocol does not have an increased risk of postoperative complications.     

Small-bore catheter versus chest tube drainage for pneumothorax

Study Objective

The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of drainage via a single-lumen (5F catheter) central venous catheter (CVC) to a conventional (14-20F catheter) chest tube (CT) for the management of pneumothoraces, including primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP), secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), and traumatic and iatrogenic pneumothoraces.

Patients

All consecutive patients admitted to the intermediate intensive care unit of a university hospital for pneumothorax were retrospectively screened over an 8-year period. Patients were preferentially treated using CT from 2003 to 2007 and using CVC from 2008 to 2010. Drainage failure was defined as the need for a second drainage procedure or for surgery.

Results

Of 212 patients included, 117 (55%) had PSP, 28 (13%) had SSP associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 19 (9%) had traumatic pneumothorax, and 48 (23%) had iatrogenic pneumothorax. The failure rate was 23% in PSP, 36% in SSP, 16% in traumatic pneumothorax, and only 2% in iatrogenic pneumothorax. After adjustment, iatrogenic pneumothorax was the only factor that had an influence on drainage failure. The failure rate was similar between the 112 patients treated using CVC and the 100 patients treated using CT (18% vs 21%, P = .60). However, the durations of drainage (3.3 ± 1.9 vs 4.6 ± 2.6 days, P < .01) and of hospital stay were significantly shorter in patients treated using CVC as compared with CT.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that drainage via a catheter or via a CT is similarly effective in the management of pneumothorax. We recommend considering drainage via a small-bore catheter as a first-line treatment in patients with pneumothorax, whatever its cause.     

Offering patients a choice of urinary catheter drainage system

The aim of this article is to promote understanding of the benefits, assessment process and suitability of catheter valves, as a form of urinary drainage for patients. A literature review on the benefits of catheter valves provides the opportunity for an in-depth discussion that compares and contrasts different urinary drainage systems. On the evidence of the literature review, all patients require a holistic assessment which considers a number of factors, and provides the nurse with the essential objective data to ascertain the suitability of the catheter valve. These data can be transferred into an easy step-by-step algorithm to help guide the nurse in making the decision, with the patient, on the most appropriate urinary catheter drainage system.     

Suprapubic bladder tap aspiration in an elderly female

Suprapubic bladder aspiration is a rarely used technique for obtaining urine samples in the adult Emergency Department (ED). We report a case of an elderly woman in whom suprapubic aspiration (SPA) was safely performed using bedside ultrasound guidance. More conventional urine collection methods were precluded by the constraint on positioning imposed by the patient’s flexion contractures. Ultrasound-guided SPA is a safe technique, that probably should be employed more frequently in the adult ED.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺置管引流在胰腺术后腹腔感染患者中的应用疗效

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺置管引流应用于胰腺术后腹腔感染的可行性、安全性及疗效。方法 回顾性纳入胰腺术后腹腔积液合并感染并接受CT引导下经皮穿刺置管引流的患者,分析穿刺置管对患者腹腔积液感染的治疗效果。结果 纳入8例胰腺术后患者,术后均出现腹腔积液合并腹腔感染。共完成10次CT引导下穿刺置管引流,置管13根,穿刺成功率100%。穿刺管引流液淀粉酶含量较高者达92.3%(12/13),细菌培养阳性率达100%,联合应用抗生素治疗后均治愈。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺置管引流是胰腺术后腹腔积液感染治疗的重要手段,安全有效、创伤小。     

双囊三腔前列腺灌注引流导管治疗前列腺炎解脲支原体感染

目的 了解用双囊三腔前列腺灌注引流导管等方法治疗解脲支原体感染的前列腺炎性反应患者的效果.方法 (1)用解脲支原体培养基培养前列腺炎性反应患者前列腺液标本.(2)双囊三腔前列腺灌注引流导管、前列腺毫米波治疗仪、药物治疗.结果 (1)1008例前列腺炎性反应患者的标本,解脲支原体阳性361例,阳性率35.8%.(2)治愈205例,治愈率56.79%,有效144例,有效率39.89%,无效16例,无效率4.43%,总有效率94.7%.结论 解脲支原体是前列腺炎的重要病原体之一,用双囊三腔前列腺灌注引流导管等方法综合治疗是有效的.     

阴式全宫切联合阴道前后壁修补术治疗老年性子宫脱垂的围术期护理

目的探讨阴式全宫切联合阴道前后壁修补术治疗老年性子宫脱垂的围术期护理。方法选择行阴式全宫切联合阴道前后壁修补术的60例老年子宫脱垂患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法,将60例老年患者均分为对照组和观察组各30例。对照组患者术后给予常规护理,观察组患者术后给予全面护理。比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后并发症发生率及护理满意度。结果观察组较对照组手术时间缩短、出血量减少、住院时间缩短,2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间差异显著(P0.05)。2组患者术后出现不同程度的腹胀、便秘、尿潴留、阴道残端炎并发症,对照组患者总并发症发生率为36.67%,观察组总并发症发生率为6.66%;对照组患者总满意率为56.66%,低于观察组总满意率93.34%(P0.05)。结论阴式全宫联合阴道前后壁修补术治疗的老年性子宫脱垂患者,在围术期给予全面护理,能显著降低术后并发症发生率,提高护理满意度。     

经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后膀胱痉挛的观察与护理

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后膀胱痉挛的发生原因及护理策略.方法 共274例患者接受经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切手术,分为发生膀胱痉挛组和未发生膀胱痉挛组,分析膀胱痉挛的发生原因及护理措施.结果 发生膀胱痉挛的患者焦虑程度高,多次电切、冲洗水未预热、血块阻塞导尿管会显著增加膀胱痉挛风险.围术期心理护理,选择合理的冲洗液温度和冲洗速度降低了膀胱痉挛的发生率和严重程度,减轻了患者痛苦.结论 心理因素和膀胱冲洗液的温度、冲洗速度是诱发膀胱痉挛的重要因素,积极有效的护理措施可减轻患者痛苦.     

Selecting a urinary catheter and drainage system

Selecting the most appropriate urinary catheter and drainage system is an important factor towards patient comfort. Inappropriate selection may introduce an array of unnecessary catheter-associated problems and discomfort for the patient. The author has found that nurses may be able to name or recognize catheters they use, but not other makes and models of similar products produced by other companies. Therefore, selecting a catheter and drainage system can be confusing due to the vast array of catheters, materials used and drainage systems available from various companies. Consideration should also be given as to when catheter care begins: before or following catheter insertion. This article is written to help in the selection of a urinary catheter and drainage system which is best suited for the patient.     

超声引导置管引流在直肠癌术后引流管拔除后吻合口漏中的应用

目的探讨超声引导下经臀部骶骨旁入路置管引流在直肠癌术后引流管拔除后吻合口漏中的临床应用价值。 方法收集2015年1月至2019年12月浙江省肿瘤医院直肠癌术后引流管拔除后出现吻合口漏的23例患者的临床资料,选择经臀部骶骨旁入路置管引流治疗吻合口漏,观察该路径的可行性、置管成功率、并发症情况以及疗效。 结果23例患者共23个吻合口漏,发生在术后6~10 d,中位时间7 d。21例（91.3,21/23）患者CT检查显示骶前吻合口周围可见包裹性积液,存在置管路径,均置管成功,未出现置管相关并发症。置管后5~12 d拔管,中位时间7 d,所有患者均未出现吻合口漏复发。2例（8.7%,2/23）患者CT检查提示吻合口周围积液散在,超声检查显示无成片液性区,选择手术治疗。 结论对于直肠癌术后引流管拔除后出现的吻合口漏,当CT检查于骶前吻合口周围发现包裹性积液时,选择超声引导下经臀部骶骨旁入路置管引流,安全性高,有效率高,避免了二次手术。     

Peritoneal catheter for continuous drainage of ascites in advanced cancer patients

INTRODUCTION: Advanced cancer patients with refractory ascites do not often respond to dietary sodium restriction and diuretics. While paracentesis is effective, the condition invariably recurs, necessitating repeated procedures. A continuous peritoneal drainage by an indwelling catheter has been reported to be hugely beneficial symptomatically, avoiding the hazards and disadvantages of multiple repeated procedures and direct and indirect costs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients with advanced cancer patients admitted to an acute pain relief and palliative care unit, who presented symptomatic ascites, were recruited for continuous drainage of peritoneal fluid. A central venous catheter set for Seldinger technique was used. Technical failure was defined as an unsuccessful drainage of fluid through the catheter. Immediate and late complications, including hypotension, haemorrhage, tube blockage, dislodgment and sepsis were recorded. Record of daily drainage during admission were noted. At time of discharge, patients were asked to rate their global symptom burden as improved, unchanged or worsened. The follow-up was performed with frequent phone contacts or day-hospital admission in case of problems. RESULTS: The mean patients' age was 68 years, and 21 were men. Patients were receiving unsuccessfully a mean dose of furosemide of 32 mg/day. The technique was not painful and was easily accepted by patients. Insertion was technically successful in almost all patients. Mean admission time was 5.5 days (range 2-14), and the mean drained volume during admission was 8,499 ml (range 800-20,700), 2,850 ml (300-4,200) being drained on the first 24 h. No immediate complications were recorded. Six patients died during admission. The mean survival was 38.9 days (range 1-120). Of the 34 patients who were discharged home, 22 patients stated that symptom burden had improved, while in 10 patients symptom burden did not change or worsened, probably due to the advanced status of diseases and multiple contributing factors. Five, two, and one patients required skin sutures at 1, 2 and 3 months, respectively. About one third of patients had mechanical problems, some of them requiring a catheter replacement. No infection was recorded. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, a permanent peritoneal catheter was a valuable method to remove abdominal fluids and reduce symptom burden attributable to ascites and was also easy to use at home. Complication rate was acceptable and balanced by the benefits of the technique which avoided frequent paracentesis and associated complications.     

Urethral recurrence following neobladder in bladder cancer patients

Risk factors of urethral recurrence after neobladder in bladder cancer patients were studied. Between 1977 and 2001, 73 patients (male 58, female 15) underwent neobladder as a treatment for bladder cancer. The observation time after cystectomy ranged from 2 to 254 months (median 60.5). Ten (17.2%) of 58 male patients had urethral recurrence and of the 10, 8 patients had multiple bladder cancers including bladder neck. Urethral recurrence was found by macrohematuria, follow-up cystourethroscopy, and inguinal lymph node swelling. Only one who complained of macrohematuria had positive urinary cytology. Of 58 male patients, 5 underwent total nephroureterectomy for renal pelvic or ureteral cancer before radical cystectomy, and 3 of the 5 had urethral recurrence. Two of 10 patients with urethral recurrence died with cancer, and they had renal pelvic or ureteral cancer. The five-year cause specific survival was 83% for patients with urethral recurrence, and 79% for those without urethral recurrence, respectively. Urethral recurrence did not have a significant effect on survival. The patients with multiple bladder cancers including bladder neck, and renal pelvic or ureteral cancer before radical cystectomy, have high risks for urethral recurrence. Urinary cytology has limited value for the detection of urethral recurrence.     

经尿道汽化电切加膀胱灌注治疗膀胱白斑合并腺性膀胱炎的护理

膀胱黏膜上皮增生性病变包括VonBrunn巢、囊性膀胱炎、腺性膀胱炎、鳞状上皮化生和移行上皮增生,是同一病理过程的不同阶段表现,可发生于整个尿路系统。大部分学者认为其中部分或全部病变为癌前病变,应予高度重视,及时治疗[1]。膀胱白斑过去认为是少见病,近年来报道呈增多趋势,可同时合并腺性膀胱炎[1]。2006年8月-2010年9月我院收治了98例女性膀胱白斑患者,     

托特罗定可有效降低肾移植后导尿管引起的膀胱刺激症状(英文)

背景:肾移植后需要长期留置导尿管,易引起膀胱刺激症状。目的:应用膀胱过度活动症评分表评价肾移植后留置导尿管引起的膀胱刺激症状,同时评价托特罗定降低膀胱刺激症状的有效性。方法:研究纳入102例亲属活体肾移植受者,肾移植后留置尿管,分别给予托特罗定4mg/d或相同剂量的安慰剂。采用膀胱过度活动症评分表评价受者不同时间的膀胱刺激症状。结果与结论:随着尿管留置时间的延长,肾移植患者尿频及急迫性尿失禁的发生频率及程度逐渐增加。应用托特罗定后,患者尿频及急迫性尿失禁的发生频率及程度明显下降。说明肾移植后常规应用托特罗定可有效降低患者的膀胱刺激症状。     

手术室心理支持对经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术患者的影响

目的探讨对采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗的患者实施手术室心理支持护理干预,对不良情绪、手术效果及并发症发生率的影响。方法选择本院采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗的患者64例,随机分成对照组和研究组,各32例。对照组采用常规护理,研究组采用常规护理配合手术室心理支持护理干预,观察2组不良情绪、手术效果、并发症发生率及生活质量等情况。结果护理后,研究组SAS、SDS、NIH-CPSI评分低于对照组,QOL评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组手术时间、膀胱冲洗时间、导尿管留置时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组术中出血量少于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗的患者实施手术室心理支持护理干预能缓解患者不良情绪,缩短手术时间,降低术中出血量,提高患者生活质量及预后效果。