p53、Ki-67基因表达与膀胱癌生物学特性的研究

目的 探讨p53、Ki-67基因表达与膀胱移行细胞癌(BTCC)病理分级、临床分期及复发的关系.方法 收集149例BTCC患者的临床资料及p53、Ki-67表达阳性率.结果 Ⅰ～Ⅱ级BTCC p53、Ki-67阳性率分别为58.8%、64.7%,低于Ⅲ级BTCC p53、Ki-67的阳性率(80.014%、90.0%)(P<0.05,P<0.01);浸润型BTCC的p53、Ki-67基因表达阳性率(80.0%、92.3%)均高于浅表型BTCC阳性率(50.0%、52.4%)(P<0.01).在高分级、高分期BTCC组p53、Ki-67联合表达率(73.3%、73.8%)高于低分级、低分期BTCC组(45.4%、32.1%)(P<0.05).p53、Ki-63共同表达阳性者复发率为37.2%,单一阳性或阴性表达者复发率16.1%,两组复发率有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 p53、Ki-67基因表达与BTCC的临床分期、病理分级相关,提示p53、Ki-67蛋白过度表达的BTCC高度恶性和预后不良;p53、ki-67基因共同表达阳性组复发率较单一阳性或阴性组复发率高,提示p53和ki-67基因联合表达与BTCC复发可能有相关性.     

Expression of Ki-67, p53, and K-ras in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

AIM: To examine surgical specimens of pancreas with either chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer in order to study whether ductal hyperplasia and dysplasia in pancreas represent precursor lesions for pancreatic cancer. METHODS: We examined expression of Ki-67, CEA, p53, and K-ras, in the surgical specimens of pancreas with adenocarcinomas (n= 11) and chronic pancreatitis (n = 12). Cellular proliferation was assessed by Ki-67 proliferation index using the proliferation marker Ki-67. In specimens with pancreas cancer, we divided pancreas epithelium into normal (n = 7), ductal hyperplasia (n = 3), dysplasia (n = 4), and cancerous lesion (n = 11) after hematoxylin and eosin staining, Ki-67, and CEA immunohistochemical staining. In cases with chronic pancreatitis, the specimen was pathologically examined as in cases with pancreas cancer, and they were also determined as normal (n = 10), ductal hyperplasia (n = 4), or dysplasia (n = 5). p53 and K-ras expression were also studied by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: In pancreatic cancer, the Ki-67 index was 3.73±3.58 in normal site, 6.62±4.39 in ductal hyperplasia, 13.47±4.02 in dysplasia and 37.03±10.05 in cancer tissue, respectively. Overall, p53 was positive in normal ducts, ductal hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma cells in 0 of 14 (0%), 0 of 7(0%), 7 of 9 (78%), and 10 of 11 (91%), respectively, and K-ras was positive in 0 of 8 (0%), 1 of 3 (33%), 4 of 6 (67%), 4 of 5 (80%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results favorably support the hypothesis that ductal hyperplasia and dysplasia of the pancreas might be precursor lesions for pancreas cancer. Further evaluation of oncogenes by the molecular study is needed.     

肺癌组织中P53和Ki-67的表达及意义

目的 观察P53和Ki-67在肺癌组织中的表达状况及其与病理和临床特征的意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学SP法检测233例肺癌组织中P53和Ki-67的表达,结合临床资料进行分析.结果 肺癌组织中P53和Ki-67的阳性表达率分别为80.7％和99.6％,其中低阳性表达率分别占了阳性表达率的44.2％和57.2％.P53的表达与肺癌组织类型无明显关系,而Ki-67的表达与肺癌组织类型有一定关系,鳞癌以高表达为主,而腺癌与细支气管肺泡癌以低表达为主;P53在淋巴结转移组的阳性表达率为95.0％,高于无淋巴结转移组,而Ki-67的表达与淋巴结是否转移无明显关联.结论 肺癌组织中P53和Ki-67阳性表达率高,但低阳性表达的病例占了相当的比例,两者可能共同参与了肺癌的发生、发展,P53与肺癌淋巴结转移的关系可能更大,而Ki-67的阳性表达程度与病理类型有关.     

内镜超声引导细针穿刺对胰腺癌的诊断价值

目的了解内镜超声(EUS)引导细针穿刺(FNA)对胰腺癌的临床价值及安全性。方法选择临床诊断或临床及影像学疑诊胰腺癌患者共21例,男13例,女8例,平均年龄(59.8±15.3)岁。EUS发现病变后,在实时超声引导下用超声穿刺针行FNA,对3例无法手术的胰腺癌患者行FNA同时,以无水乙醇阻滞腹腔神经丛治疗癌痛。结果B超共检出胰腺占位16例(16/21),未检出的5例中3例经CT检出,CT共检出胰腺占位19例;EUS检出全部21例胰腺占位,5例位于胰体尾,16例位于胰头。18例患者EUS-FNA获满意标本,17例诊断为胰腺癌,1例诊断为慢性胰腺炎,胰腺癌诊断敏感性为85.0%、特异性为100.0%、准确度为85.7%。3例行无水乙醇阻滞后疼痛减轻。术后发生轻度胰腺炎1例、发热1例。结论EUS能有效检出胰腺占位,结合FNA可提高诊断的特异性及准确性。     

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 immunoreactivity and relationship to p53 and Ki-67 expression in colorectal cancer

The tumor-suppressive effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been suggested to be due to a reduction in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activity, although the effects of COX-2 in the colonic mucosa and in colorectal cancer have not been determined. Ki-67 immunoreactivity in cancers is also attracting attention, as Ki-67 reflects cell proliferation, while p53 immunoreactivity is also of interest, as it reflects the malignancy of colorectal lesions. Accordingly, to determine these correlation, we investigated the distribution and intensity of COX-2, p53 and Ki-67 expression in both cancerous and non-cancerous tissues from patients with sporadic and ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated colorectal cancer. We selected 21 colorectal cancer specimens, obtained by surgical resection or colonoscopic biopsy, from 21 patients, including 3 with UC (13 men and 8 women; aged 42–78 years). Histological examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained specimens revealed that 9 were well differentiated; 11, moderately differentiated; and 1 was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. We used anti-COX-2, p53, and Ki-67 antisera to perform immunohistochemical staining by the labelled streptavidin biotin method and then assessed and graded the staining intensity and distribution. COX-2 staining was more intense in cancer tissue than in non-cancerous areas. Colorectal cancers associated with UC were not stained intensely. COX-2, p53, and Ki-67 positivity rates in were 38.1%, 38.1%, and 47.6%, respectively. There were no relationships among the distributions or intensities of COX-2, p53, and Ki-67 expression. Our results indicate that colorectal cancer tissues overexpress COX-2, but that there are no relationships between COX-2, p53, and Ki-67 expression, suggesting that COX-2 expression may not be related to cell proliferation or to the grade of malignancy. However, it is necessary to determine whether COX-2 in cancer tissue is involved in carcinogenesis or whether it is simply a product of cancer. (Received: July 7, 1998; accepted: Oct. 23, 1998)     

Clinical relevance of p53 index and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 in gastric cancer

The prognostic value of the immunohistochemical expression of p53 protein, proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 antigen was evaluated in a series of 116 stage I–II gastric cancer patients. The staining for p53 protein (staining frequency and intensity) in malignant cells was expressed as a p53 index. Similarly, the staining frequency and intensity for PCNA and Ki-67 were evaluated. The p53 index was independent of the stage and differentiation grade, but significantly related to DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction and mitotic activity. A high p53 index was a sign of inferior survival, compared to a low or intermediate index. p53-negative tumours were also associated with poor survival. In a multivariate analysis, only the depth of tumour infiltration and the presence of nodal metastases were independent prognostic factors in stage I–II gastric cancer. PCNA expression and Ki-67 antigen expression were not related to the stage, ploidy, proliferative activity or p53 expression, and they had no impact on survival. The results indicate that p53 protein expression may be of prognostic significance in gastric cancer, while PCNA and Ki-67 antigen expression have no predictive value. Received: 2 February 1998 / Accepted: 16 June 1998     

Gallbladder carcinoma: the role of p53 protein overexpression and Ki-67 antigen expression as prognostic markers

BackgroundThe overexpression of p53 protein and the expression of Ki-67 antigen may affect the survival of patients with gallbladder carcinoma. This association has been tested in a series of 41 patients with relatively early carcinoma of the gallbladder.MethodsForty-one surgical specimens from patients with a postoperative histological diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma were studied. All patients were operated by simple cholecystectomy only because the tumours were not advanced and/or their general condition was poor. Patients submitted to radical operations were excluded. p53 expression was calculated from nuclear staining according to the intensity and extent of positive cells, as graded on a scale from 1 to 3; a combined score of >3 was considered as overexpression. Ki-67 expression was calculated by the MIB-I index: the percentage of positively stained tumour cell nuclei out of the total tumour cells counted (n = 1000); >20% of stained cells was considered positive.ResultsTwenty-nine gallbladder carcinomas (71%) overexpressed p53 protein in the cell nuclei. No significant differences were found in relation to cell differentiation on the level of tumour infiltration through the gallbladder wall. Five-year survival of patients with gallbladder carcinoma overexpressing p53 was 17.2%, while survival of patients without p53 overexpression was 30% (not significant). Twenty-four cases (58.5%) were considered positive for the MIB-I index. There were no differences between the grade of cell differentiation and wall infiltration. Five-year survival of the patients with a MIB-I positive index was 9.2% as opposed to 27.7% for those with a negative index (not significant).Conclusionsp53 protein nuclear overexpression and Ki-67 protein expression in gallbladder carcinoma were not related to histological differentiation, level of gallbladder wall invasion or patient survival.     

Evaluation of malignancy using Ki-67, p53, EGFR and COX-2 expressions in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

AIM: To investigate the role of expressions of Ki-67, p53, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) grading and prognosis.METHODS: Tumor tissue was collected retrospectively from 96 patients with GIST. Antibodies against Ki-67, p53, EGFR and COX-2 were used for immunohistochemical staining. Tumor grading was designated according to a consensus system and the staining was quantified in 3 categories for each antibody in the statistical analysis.RESULTS: The Ki-67 expression in GISTs was significantly associated with the size of the tumors, mitotic rate and the risk of malignancy (χ² = 15.51, P = 0.02; χ² = 22.27, P < 0.001; χ² = 20.05; P < 0.001). The p53 expression was also significantly correlated with mitotic rate and the risk of malignancy (χ² = 9.92, P = 0.04; χ² = 9.97; P = 0.04). Over-expression of Ki-67 was strongly correlated with poor survival (χ² = 10.44, P = 0.006), but no correlation was found between the expression of p53, EGFR or COX-2 and survival. Multivariate analysis further demonstrated that Ki-67 expression (relative risk = 15.78, 95% CI: 4.25-59.37) could be used as an independent prognostic value for GIST patients. Adjuvant imatinib therapy could improve clinical outcomes in the patients with high risk and intermediate risk of recurrence after complete tumor resections (median survival time: 52 mo vs 37 mo, χ² = 7.618, P = 0.006).CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the expression of Ki-67 could be used as an independent prognostic factor for GIST patients.     

Impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy for diagnosis of pancreatic masses

AIM To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of histological evaluation of pancreatic tissue samples obtained by a modified method for recovering and processing the endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) material in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic solid masses.METHODS Sixty-two consecutive patients with pancreatic masses were prospectively studied. EUS was performed by the linear scanning Pentax FG-38UX echoendoscope. Three FNAs (22G needle) were carried out during each procedure. The materials obtained with first and second punctures were processed for cytological study. Materials of the third puncture were recovered into 10% formol solution by careful injection of saline solution through the needle, and processed for histological study.RESULTS Length of the core specimen obtained for histological analysis was 6.5 5.3 mm (range 1-22 mm).Cytological and histological samples were considered as adequate in 51 (82.3%) and 52 cases (83.9%), respectively. Overall sensitivity of both pancreatic cytology and histology for diagnosis of malignancy was 68.4%. Contrary to cytology, histology was able to diagnose tumours other than adenocarcinomas, and all cases of inflammatory masses. Combination of cytology and histology allowed obtaining an adequate sample in 56 cases (90.3%),with a global sensitivity of 84.21%, specificity of 100%and an overall accuracy of 90.32%. The complication rate was 1.6%.CONCLUSION Adequate pancreatic core specimens for histological examination can be obtained by EUS-guided FNA. This technique is mainly useful for the diagnosis of different types of pancreatic tumours and evaluation of benign diseases.     

内镜超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸术对胰腺占位病变诊断价值及其影响因素的研究

目的探讨内镜超声引导下细针穿刺抽吸术（EUS—FNA）对胰腺占位病变的诊断价值及影响其准确率的相关因素。方法回顾性统计101例因胰腺占位病变行EUS—FNA患者的临床资料,纳入患者性别、年龄、病灶部位、大小、性状、穿刺时抽吸负压、穿刺次数、实时细胞学诊断、超声内镜类型、操作医师经验等10个因素进行分析。结果EUS-FNA总体诊断准确率为85．1％,敏感度为81．1％,特异度为96．3％,阳性预测值为98．4％,阴性预测值为65．0％。单因素Logistic回归分析示,EUS-FNA穿刺阳性率的相关影响因素有病灶大小、病灶性状、抽吸负压、操作医师经验（P〈0．05）,EUS-FNA诊断准确率的相关影响因素只有病灶大小（OR=1．984,95％CI：1．141—3．451,P=0．015）,病灶每增大1cm,其穿刺阳性的概率增加1．67倍,其穿刺诊断准确的概率增加1．83倍。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,EUS．FNA穿刺阳性率的独立影响因素有病灶大小（OR=2．012,95％CI：1．394—2．906,P=0．000）和病灶性状（OR=10．218,95％CI：2．432～42．937,P=0．002）,实性病灶穿刺阳性的概率为囊性病灶的10．2倍;EUS—FNA诊断准确率的独立影响因素为病灶大小（OR=1．984,95％CI：1．141—3．451,P=0．015）。结论EUS．FNA是一项安全有效、特异度高的诊断手段,在胰腺占位病灶的病理诊断中具有重要临床价值。EUS-FNA穿刺阳性率及诊断准确率均与胰腺病灶大小呈显著正相关。胰腺实性病灶的穿刺阳性率显著高于囊性病灶。     

内镜超声及其引导下的细针穿刺活检在胰腺疾病中的诊断价值

目的:探讨内镜超声(EUS)及其引导下的细针穿刺活检(EUS-FNA)在胰腺疾病诊断中的价值.方法:回顾性分析2008-03/2010-03经EUS检查的62例胰腺疾病,其中有32例行细针穿刺活检.结果:(1)62例胰腺疾病中胰腺癌26例、慢性胰腺炎20例、胰腺囊肿10例、胰岛细胞瘤2例;(2)B超、CT、EUS/EU...     

Survivin, p53, and Ki-67 as predictors of histopathologic response in locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy

Purpose The ability to predict response to chemoradiotherapy before the treatment may allow protecting poorly responding patients from the side effects of neoadjuvant treatment. Several molecular markers have been proposed to radio and chemosensitivity of rectal cancer. In this study, from pre-irradiation tumor biopsies, a novel and promising candidate factor survivin, and p53 and Ki-67 were assessed as predictors of response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Materials and methods Expression of each marker was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on pretreatment biopsies from 37 patients having rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and curative surgery. Treatment response was assessed histopathologically in the resected surgical specimen. Results There was no correlation between expression of p53, Ki-67, and survivin with response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy and prognosis. Conclusions Our data suggest that these molecular markers are not helpful to identify patients who would have benefit from neoadjuvant treatment of rectal cancer. Further investigations are necessary to select patients for preoperative treatment based on analysis of the preoperative biopsies.     

Expression of COX-2, PCNA, Ki-67 and p53 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors and its relationship with histopathological parameters

AIM： To investigate the expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）, proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA）, Ki-67 and p53 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors （GISTs） and its relationship with histopathological parameters.
METHODS： Twenty-five GISTs were examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, c-kit, CD34, SMA, S-100 protein, COX-2, PCNA, Ki-67 and p53 were detected immunohistochemically and the relationship was evaluated among histopathologic parameters such as mitotic index （MI）, tumor grade, tumor size, COX-2, PCNA, Ki-67 and p53.
RESULTS： COX-2 protein expression was found in 19 of 25 （76%） of the tumors, and expression was noted in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, p53 was significantly related to MI and tumor grade but no relationship was found between COX-2, proliferation markers and MI, tumor grade and tumor size.
CONCLUSION： COX-2 is expressed in most GISTs and it may play an important role in the proliferation and progression of these tumors or a useful marker to identify GIST. Although immunohistochemical assessment of p53 can be used for distinguishing the risk groups of GISTs, tumor size and mitotic rate should be considered at the same time.     

Prognostic role of p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression in patients with surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma: a retrospective study

Objective

p53 mutations and the Ki-67 protein are frequently observed in various types of human cancer; the abnormal expression of p53 and Ki-67 in the tumor is associated with poor survival of lung cancer patients. We aimed to assess the prognostic role of immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of p53 and Ki-67 in lung adenocarcinoma tissue.

Methods

Tumor samples from 136 patients who had undergone surgical resection for lung adenocarcinoma were retrospectively evaluated for p53 and Ki-67 expression by immunohistochemistry. Associations of clinical and pathologic variables with p53 and Ki-67 were determined using the χ² test. After excluding two patients (follow-up loss), 134 cases were evaluated for associations between p53, Ki-67, clinical and pathologic variables, and survival by using the Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

In the 136 patients, p53 was positive in 71.0% (93/131), and Ki-67 showed high in 49.2% (61/124). Unlike p53, Ki-67 was associated with male sex, smoking, and poor tumor differentiation (P=0.004, P=0.001 and P=0.006). Of these, poor tumor differentiation strongly was correlated with high level of Ki-67 expression (P=0.008). Neither p53 nor Ki-67 was associated with increased risk of death (P=0.318, P=0.053); however, age ≥60 years and lymph node involvement were significant predictors of death (P=0.039 and P=0.042). The log-rank test revealed a significant association between Ki-67 and lower survival in all patients (χ²=5637; P=0.018); however, the risk was limited to stage III cases (χ²=5.939; P=0.015). Unlike p53, patients with high level of Ki-67 expression showed lower 3-year actuarial survival than those without (log-rank test, χ²=4.936; P=0.026).

Conclusions

IHC expression of Ki-67 in lung adenocarcinoma tissue shows stronger association with poor tumor differentiation, and negatively affects patients’ survival in advanced-stage lung cancer; however, the role of p53 on patient outcome needs further study.     

Clinicopathological significance of p53 and mdm2 protein expression in human pancreatic cancer

AIM: To study the clinicopathological significance of p53 and mdm2 protein expression in human pancreatic cancer. METHODS: To investigate the expression of p53 and mdm2 in pancreatic cancer by immunohistochemistry, and the relationships between the p53 and mdm2 protein expression and clinicopathological parameters in pancreatic cancer. RESULTS: The positive expression of p53 protein was found in 40 of 59 patients (67.8%) and that of mdm2 protein in 17 of 59 patients (28.8%). No obvious relationships were found between p53 as well as mdm2 expression and sex, tumor site,TNM staging and histological differentiation. p53 expression was increased in patients younger than 65 years old, while mdm2 had no relationship with age. The survival time of the patients with the positive expression of p53 and mdm2 proteins was obviously shorter than the other groups. CONCLUSION: Both p53 and mdm2 presented relatively high expression in human pancreatic cancer.The overexpression of p53 and mdm2 might reflect the malignant proliferation of pancreatic cancer and their co-expression might be helpful to evaluate the prognosis of the patients with pancreatic cancer.     

胰腺癌组织Survivin与Ki-67的表达及其意义

目的:探讨Survivin和Ki-67在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系．方法:采用免疫组织化学技术检测各期胰腺癌86例及癌旁组织78例中Survivin和Ki-67的表达水平,并结合病理特征进行分析。结果:胰腺癌旁组织或良性肿瘤旁组织不表达Survivin 蛋白．胰腺癌组织Survivin阳性表达率为87．9％,显著高于胰岛细胞癌(12．7％)或胰岛细胞瘤(5．2％)(P<0．01),而且Survivin表达程度与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移相关(P<0．05)．Ki-67蛋白在胰腺癌组织中阳性表达率为 94．4％,显著高于胰岛细胞癌或胰岛细胞瘤组(P<0．01), 并与胰腺癌组织分化程度相关(P<0．05)．两种蛋白表达有高度相关性(r=0．87)．结论:Survivin和Ki-67在胰腺癌组织中过表达,并且与胰腺癌病理特征密切相关．Survivin可能是反应胰腺癌预后不良的指标．     

内镜超声引导下细针穿刺对胰腺占位病变的诊断价值

目的 通过超声内镜结合细针穿刺活检确定胰腺占位病变的性质，并评价该法对胰腺病变的诊断价值。方法 对经CT、MRI、体表腹部超声及内镜超声发现的23例胰腺局限性占位病变进行内镜超声检查，以明确病变大小、形态、位置，并观察有无淋巴结转移。在内镜超声引导下对病变行细针穿刺活检。结果 23例患者中，21例得到了充足的细胞量，15例得到组织块，12例最终确定为胰腺肿瘤的患者，经组织细胞学检查10例为阳性（其中胰腺癌8例；胰腺囊腺瘤癌1例；无功能神经内分泌肿瘤1例），敏感性为83％，特异性为100％。全部结果经手术（16例）及临床随访（7例）证实。无1例出现不良反应。结论 超声内镜结合细针穿刺是诊断胰腺病变安全、有效的方法。     

Percutaneous ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy of solid pancreatic lesions: An analysis of 1074 lesions

Backgrounds: Percutaneous ultrasound (US) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided pancreatic biopsies are widely accepted in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. Studies comparing the diagnostic performance of US- and EUS-guided pancreatic biopsies are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic yields of US- and EUS-guided pancreatic biopsies and identify the risk factors for inconclusive biopsies.Methods: Of the 1074 solid pancreatic lesions diagnosed from January 2017 to February 2021 in our center, 275 underwent EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), and 799 underwent US-guided core needle biopsy (US-CNB/FNA). The outcomes were inconclusive pathological biopsy, diagnostic accuracy and the need for repeat biopsy. All of the included factors and diagnostic performances of both US-CNB/FNA and EUS-FNA were compared, and the independent predictors for the study outcomes were identified.Results: The diagnostic accuracy was 89.8% for EUS-FNA and 95.2% for US-CNB/FNA ( P = 0.001). Biopsy under EUS guidance [odds ratio (OR) = 1.808, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.083-3.019; P = 0.024], lesion size < 2 cm (OR = 2.069, 95% CI: 1.145-3.737; P = 0.016), hypoechoic appearance (OR = 0.274, 95% CI: 0.097-0.775; P = 0.015) and non-pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma carcinoma (PDAC) diagnosis (OR = 2.637, 95% CI: 1.563-4.449; P < 0.001) were identified as factors associated with inconclusive pathological biopsy. Hypoechoic appearance (OR = 0.236, 95% CI: 0.064-0.869; P = 0.030), lesions in the uncinate process of the pancreas (OR = 3.506, 95% CI: 1.831-6.713; P < 0.001) and non-PDAC diagnosis (OR = 2.622, 95% CI: 1.278-5.377; P = 0.009) were independent predictors for repeat biopsy. Biopsy under EUS guidance (OR = 2.024, 95% CI: 1.195-3.429; P = 0.009), lesions in the uncinate process of the pancreas (OR = 1.776, 95% CI: 1.014-3.108; P = 0.044) and hypoechoic appearance (OR = 0.127, 95% CI: 0.047-0.347; P < 0.001) were associated with diagnostic accuracy.Conclusions: Both percutaneous US- and EUS-guided biopsies of solid pancreatic lesions are safe and effective; though the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA is inferior to US-CNB/FNA. A tailored pancreatic biopsy should be considered a part of the management algorithm for the diagnosis of solid pancreatic disease.     

Ki-67核抗原在良、恶性胃粘膜病变中的表达及临床意义

目的　研究Ki 6 7核抗原在良、恶性胃粘膜病变中的表达及与胃癌生物学行为的关系。方法　采用免疫组化技术检测 36例正常胃粘膜和 6 4例胃癌Ki 6 7核抗原的蛋白表达。结果　正常胃粘膜中Ki 6 7核抗原的表达率为 5 6 %,胃癌中Ki 6 7核抗原的表达率为 43 8%,二者相比具有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;侵犯肌层或浆膜层胃癌的Ki 6 7核抗原表达率 ( 5 4 5 %)显著高于局限于粘膜层和粘膜下层者 ( 2 0 0 %) (P <0 0 5 ) ;低分化胃癌的Ki 6 7核抗原表达率 ( 5 6 8%)显著高于高、中分化胃癌 ( 2 5 0 %) (P <0 0 5 ) ;淋巴结转移阳性组胃癌Ki 6 7核抗原表达率 ( 6 7 7%)显著高于淋巴结转移阴性组 ( 2 1 2 %) (P <0 0 5 )。结论　Ki 6 7核抗原的表达与胃癌的侵袭、低分化、淋巴结转移显著相关 ,是判断胃癌患者预后的一项有价值的参考指标。     

Tissue acquisition in pancreatic cystic lesions

Despite the progress achieved by scientific research in recent years, pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) remain a challenging clinical problem. A significant percentage of benign PCLs are still wrongly sent to surgery, with all the related risks of a high number of surgery-related complications and mortality. Diagnosis of the type of PCL, and risk stratification for malignancy are essential for a correct management of these lesions. Several guidelines have identified some clinical and morphological aspects suggesting the need for more accurate exams. Endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of cystic fluid for cytology is the advised method of tissue acquisition in several guidelines, and the most used technique around the world. However sensitivity and adequacy of this technique are limited by the low amount of cells dispersed in cystic fluid. Alternative techniques have been tested to target the cystic walls in an attempt to obtain microhistologic specimens in order to augment the probability of obtaining an adequate diagnostic sample.The aim of this review is to offer a critical overview of the existing literature on tissue acquisition in PCLs, and emphasize advantages and disadvantages of each technique, and unclear areas that need to be investigated with future research.